@article {1633, title = {MIC and MKC Analysis of Herbal Medicine in Indonesia Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1058-1064}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1058}, abstract = {

Data shows that the success of the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse program(DOTS) in South Sulawesi Province was 74.8\%. Causes of failure include standard drug side effects, length of treatment period and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacterial resistance. The development of new drugs today in addition to synthetic chemical drugs are also natural materials that have the potential as antituberculosis with various mechanisms. The aim of the research is to prove the potential of plants used by the community as tuberculosis drugs empirically based on phytochemical screening extracts, M.tb sensitivity to extracts and determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MKC (Minimum Killing Concentration) values of M.tb. Selection of plant test materials based on survey results and Riskesdas data in 2015. Testing the potential of plant extracts based on the sensitivity of M.tb to the test material in vitro with an incubation period of 7 weeks. Showed 25 plants that have been used empirically as tuberculosis drugs proved to be potential antibacterial M.tb. Phytochemical screening produces flavonoids and tannins in all extracts. Some extracts contain alkaloids, saponins and steroids. Potential tests show that the extract concentration that is effectively used as a tuberculosis drug is: Meniran leaves and miana 100 ppm. Banana peel and basil leaves 125 ppm. 150 ppm bangle rhizome. Turmeric rhizome 175 ppm. Roselle flowers, soursop leaves and lime 200 ppm. Sandalwood, bitter melon leaves and binahong 225 ppm, Curcuma rhizome, kencur, turmeric and onion tubers, gotu kola leaves, sea lava and papaya 275 ppm. Ginger rhizome, brotowali stem, noni leaf, cloves and mangosteen peel \> 275 ppm. 90\% garlic bulb extract.

}, keywords = {Antituberculosis, MIC, MKC, Plants, Potential}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.137}, author = {Sesilia Rante Pakadang and Maria Hilaria and Sisilia Teresia Rosmala Dewi and Santi Sinala and Jumain} } @article {1241, title = {Phytotherapeutic Evidence Against Coronaviruses and Prospects for COVID-19}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {September 2020}, pages = {1252-1267}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1252}, abstract = {

The emergence of the novel β-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and subsequent outbreak of COVID-19, is a global health challenge with no known treatment to date and has culminated in significant morbidity and mortality. This article highlights current understanding on SARSCoV- 2 based on the available scientific evidence on human coronavirus (HCoV) infections, which could offer novel insights and therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Specifically, the paper presents available phytotherapeutic evidence against pathogenic HCoVs with a view to identifying potent plant-derived antiviral agents that could be developed to aid the fight against coronaviruses and the current COVID-19. Evidently, elucidation of CoV integral proteins such as the spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, 3C-like cysteine protease and papain-like protease, as good targets for drug developments has lent credence to the use of medicinal plants or their metabolites as prophylaxis or treatment interventions in CoV infections and holds promising ground for SARS-CoV-2. While some promising phytocompounds are currently under clinical trials for COVID-19, increased research into plants and in-depth characterization of their metabolites could reveal more interesting results that would benefit humanity in its fight against emerging and re-emerging viral infections including the current COVID-19. Overall, given the current body of evidence on the potential development of phytotherapeutics for COVID-19, fears need to be allayed while clinical trials continue. Conclusively, the lockdown and other preventive measures which have been implemented in most parts of the world should be humanely exercised and supported to ensure compliance and safety of lives.

}, keywords = {Antivirals, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Drug target, Natural products, Plant metabolites, Plants, SARS-CoV-2}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.174}, author = {Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu and Christiana Eleojo Aruwa and Ismail Abiodun Abdulakeem and Abdulwakeel Ayokunnun Ajao and Saheed SABIU} }