@article {2288, title = {Quantification of Active Compounds from Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner cascara and their Potential Against MCF-7 and HeLa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {509-518}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {509}, abstract = {

Background: The utilization of coffee cascara, a byproduct of coffee cultivation, in cancer therapy research. This research begins with the rationale of exploring medicinal plants, especially coffee, to obtain compounds that can target cancer cells with fewer side effects. Objectivity: This research aims to extract and evaluate the secondary metabolites from robusta coffee cascara, such as friedelin, lupeol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and catechin, for their cytotoxic activity against Hela and MCF-7 cells. The aim of this research is also to identify and understand the cytotoxic mechanisms of compounds like stigmasterol, which showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, paving the way for developing targeted cancer therapies from natural sources. Methods: Robusta coffee cascara then goes to the process of extraction using ethanol, fractionation, isolation, purification, and characterization, followed by bioactivity evaluation using in vitro method through breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and cervical cancer cell line HeLa and determination of active compound levels. Results: The cascara, a byproduct of coffee cultivation, is rich in proteins, polysaccharides, and bioactive compounds. Through extraction and purification processes, eight compounds were isolated and characterized, including (1) friedelin, (2) lupeol, (3) Stigmasterol, (4) Ursolic acid, (5) caffeine, (6) Chlorogenic acid, (7) caffeic acid, and (8) catechin. Bioactivity evaluation shows that stigmasterol (3) is the most cytotoxic compound with a value against Hela cells with an IC50 value of 25.85 μg/mL in the toxic category and against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 12.83 μg/mL in the very toxic category. The results of determining the levels of active compounds in robusta coffee cascara extract showed that friedelin (1) 0.539{\textpm}0.137\%; lupeol (2) levels were 0.087{\textpm}0.015\%; (3) stigmasterol 0.126{\textpm}0.046\%; ursolic acid (4) 0.627{\textpm}0.002\%; caffeine (5) 3,203{\textpm}0.069\%; chlorogenic acid (6) 0.679{\textpm}0.003\%; caffeic acid (7) 0.153{\textpm}0.003\% and catechin (8) 0.3590.012\% mg/g extract. Conclusion: The research on robusta coffee cascara extract as a potential source of anticancer compounds.

}, keywords = {Breast cancer, Cascara, Coffea canephora, Cytotoxic, Isolation, servical cancer}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.82}, author = {Novi Fajar Utami and Berna Elya and Hayun Hayun and Kusmardi Kusmardi} } @article {1316, title = {Isolation and Identification of Chemical Compounds from Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb Stem Bark Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1641-1652}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1641}, abstract = {

Background: Garcinia is a tropical plant that grows in Indonesia. Garcinia has many health benefits for the body. Garcinia contains many phenolic compounds and their derivatives, such as xanthon, flavonoids, benzophenone, lactone, and phenolic acids. Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. comes from the family Clusiaceae. The results of the phytochemical examination showed that G. fruticosa bark extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins. Objective: This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of G. fruticosa Lauterb stem bark. Method: G. fruticosa Lauterb bark. dried, milled, and extracted with Step Gradient Polarity/SGP maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Isolation was done by column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and IR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC). Results: Compound D7a has a molecular weight 168.0496. The IR spectrum shows the presence of a group {\textendash}OH appears on 3483 cm-1, aromatic presence in 1609 cm-1. The H-NMR spectrum shows the presence of aromatic signals on 6.96 (d, 8 Hz), 6.96 (d, 2 Hz) and 7.70 (dd, 8; 2 Hz). The C-NMR spectrum shows the presence of a carboxylic-COOH group appearing at 166.57 ppm, the presence of 2 x C-OH appearing at 147.18 and 151.18. In the HMBC spectrum, the -OCH3 position is located at C-3 with a correlation between the 3.79 (s) signal and the C signal at the chemical shift 147.18. Conclusions: Structural elucidation shows that compound D7a is a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoate acid (Vanylic Acid) and isolate I-1 is an impure compound namely β-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol.

}, keywords = {4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, Garcinia fruticosa, Isolation, Stigmasterol, Structural elucidation, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.224}, author = {Novia Delita and Berna Elya and Muhammad Hanafi} }