@article {1327, title = {In vitro and In vivo Antidiabetic Evaluation of Whole Plant Extracts of Argyreia imbricata (Roth) Sant. and Patel}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {30-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {30}, abstract = {

Background: Plants of the genus Argyreia have been used in traditional and folk medicines and a variety of pharmacological activities have also been reported. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of the different extracts of the whole plant Argyreia imbricata. Materials and Methods: The powdered material of the whole plant Argyreia imbricata was extracted with solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by soxhelation. In vitro antidiabetic activity of all the extracts was evaluated by α{\textendash}amylase and α{\textendash}glucosidase inhibition assay. Based on the results of in vitro evaluation, the extracts selected were subjected to in vivo evaluation on the Wistar albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Initially, acute toxicity of the extracts was evaluated and the effective dose (ED50) was fixed. Standard drug Glibenclamide was used for the comparative evaluation. Two doses of test extracts, low dose and high dose were administered to the test animals and their antidiabetic activity was evaluated by means of monitoring the changes in the blood glucose level, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and pancreas of test animals. Results: Based on the results of in vitro evaluation, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were selected for the in vivo evaluation. ED50 of the test extracts were fixed as 200mg.kg-1. Two doses, 200mg.kg-1 and 400mg.kg-1 of the test extracts were subjected to evaluation. Both the tested extracts possessed the activity, but the methanol, extracts showed significant activity in all aspects. Conclusion: Results of the present study strongly support the antidiabetic activity of tested extracts. Further studies on toxicity, identification isolation of the potential compounds may give useful results for the development of clinically useful chemotherapeutic agents in the future.

}, keywords = {Argyreia imbricata extracts, in vitro antidiabetic activity, In vivo antidiabetic activity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.5}, author = {V Sebastin and G Gopalakrishnan and M Sreejith and KI Anoob Kumar} } @article {1610, title = {Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase by phenolic compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and ca{\~n}ihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) from the Andean region of Peru}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {896-901}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {896}, abstract = {

Background: Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen are grains from the Andean region of Peru, which in addition to having a high nutritional value, have health-promoting properties related to the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Objetive: The present study aimed to identify phenolic compounds associated with an inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: Two varieties of quinoa and two varieties of ca{\~n}ihua from the Puno Region in Peru, were evaluated. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, identification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, HPLC-DAD and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. In vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated through the inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: Gallic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid were identified by HPLC-DAD in the varieties of quinoa and ca{\~n}ihua. The latter showed significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid compared to quinoa varieties (p\<0.05). Both Andean grains exhibited inhibition of key-enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, presenting IC50 values of 7.99 to 34.05 and of 8.07 to 1158 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging assay, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid showed the greatest contribution to the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme (p\<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the phenolic compounds present in the varieties of quinoa and ca{\~n}ihua could modulate the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes.

}, keywords = {Andean grains, DPPH radical scavenging assay, HPLC-DAD, in vitro antidiabetic activity, Polyphenols}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.115}, author = {Jorge Coronado-Olano and Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia and Oscar Reategui and Emily Toscano and Elisa Valdez and Mirko Zimic and Ivan Best} }