@article {1015, title = {Comparison of Extraction Methods, Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenol in Seeds and Seed Shells of Kabau (Archidendron bubalinum (Jack) I.C. Nielsen) From Lampung and South Sumatra}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1278-1284}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1278}, abstract = {

Background: Kabau is one of the famous plants in Lampung and South Sumatra. Kabau is usually used as an ingredient to increase the aroma of cooking. Kabau is a plant belongs to the same genus with Archidendron pauciflorium (Benth.) IC. Nielsen and in the same family with Leucaena leucocephala L. Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity between seed and fruit carp (shell) of kabau grown in Lampung and South Sumatra. Method: Kabau seeds and the shells were obtained from Lampung and South Sumatra. Extractions were conducted by maceration and a continuous extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as the solvent. Phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the extract were then measured. Results: The antioxidant activity and high phenol levels were found in kabau shell extract obtained by maceration method with IC-50 value of seed shell from Lampung 17.61 μg/mL and 44, 7 μg / mL for those from South Sumatra. Phenol content of seed shell from Lampung 11.74 g GAE / 100 g and South Sumatra 5.88 g GAE / 100 g. Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that high antioxidant activity and high levels of total phenol were found in shell extract obtained by maceration of shell from Lampung and South Sumatra.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Archidendron bubalinum (Jack) Nielsen, Phenols, Seed shell, Seeds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.198}, author = {Hesti Riasari and Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah and Rika Hartati and Kusnandar Anggadiredja and Sukrasno} } @article {674, title = {Comparative Micromorphological Investigations of Red Godji Berries (Lycium barbarum L.) and Black Godji Berries (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {911-915}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {911}, abstract = {

The comparative morphological and anatomical research of the fruits and seeds of two species of the genre Lycium is conducted. An objective of this research was carrying out comparative studying of anatomical diagnostic signs of fruits of a red Godjy berries (Lycium barbarum L.) and black Godjy berries (Lycium ruthenicum murr.) for establishment of authenticity of medicinal vegetable raw materials. This work is a fragment of complex researches of plants of flora of the North Caucasus and also introduced species. Because of the conducted comparative this research the main signs allowing to carry out identification of medicinal vegetable raw materials both in integral and in the crushed look are revealed. The conducted researches can be used further for development of normative documentation on raw materials of these species.

}, keywords = {Chromoplastes, Fruits, Lycium barbarum L, Lycium ruthenicum, Micro-diagnostic features, Seeds, Testa}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.153}, author = {Serebryanaya FK and Sekinayeva MA and Denisenko ON} } @article {103, title = {Pharmacognostic Evaluation on Seeds of Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbr. Var. latifolia (Roxb.) A. Cheval}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2015}, pages = {37-41}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {37}, abstract = {

Introduction: Mahuwa i.e., Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbr. Var. latifolia (Roxb) A. Cheval\  belongs to family Sapotaceae. The local people and aboriginals use the oil extracted from the seeds for cooking purposes. The powdered seed has several therapeutic uses too. Recently seed oil is used as biodiesel. Although seeds and oil are in use; deliberate attempt to study them has lacked. Methods: Pharmacognosy can be the first step in deciding the status of a plant organ as a crude medicine. Hence comprehensive Pharmacognosy of Mahuwa seed was carried out by macroscopy, microscopy, histochemistry, powder study, proximate analysis and preliminary phytochemical studies. Results: The present study provides the microscopic diagnostic characters such as presence of sclerides, oil ducts, crystals etc in seed. Physicochemical studies revealed total ash (0.65\%), acid insoluble ash (0.5\%), water soluble ash (5.95\%), alcohol soluble extractive (23.04\%) water soluble extractive (17.76\%) and chloroform extractive (12.3\%). Histochemistry and Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponnins, terpenoids, anthraquinone glycoside, cardiac glycoside etc. Conclusion: These studies will help in establishing the \ pharmacopeial standards for the said drug.

}, keywords = {Histochemistry, Mahuwa, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry., Sapotaceae, Seeds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.1.8}, author = {Bindu Gopalkrishnan and CL. Ringmichon} } @article {212, title = {Should Seed Be an Alternative Source of Camptothecin From Nothapodytes nimmoniana and Chonemorpha fragrance?}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {September 2016}, pages = {587-592}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {587}, abstract = {

The Southeast Asian forest is blessed with plant sources of anticancer molecules including camptothecin (CPT) but, the irrational harvest is among serious threat to its existence for use by the future generation. Among plant sources of CPT found in the region are Nothapodytes nimmoniana and Chonemorpha fragrance that are under heavy exploitation pressure for the alkaloid and other medicinal purposes. Under the natural conditions of forests, seeds produced by the plants show germination difficulties, and as a result lose viability few months after set. The unviable seeds can be used as an alternative source of CPT and other phytochemicals isolated from the species. In this study, evaluation of CPT yield of seeds and their parts was performed by high-performance thin layer chromatographic analysis to assess the feasible economic use of the seeds as an alternative source of the alkaloid. The results showed a manifold higher yield of CPT in seeds and their parts in N. nimmoniana over C. fragrance, suggesting seeds of the former that face more exploitation of its forest than the latter as a better alternative source of the alkaloid. The results also suggest that collection of the seed should be made before the onset of rain season. In this study, the economic implications of using seeds to isolate CPT are also discussed.

}, keywords = {Camptothecin, Chonemorpha fragrance., Conservation, Forest Management, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Seeds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.6.11}, author = {Tasiu Isah} } @article {174, title = {Study on Inflammation and the Nervous system of Ethanol extract of Jatropha Curcas seed}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {June/2016}, pages = {335-340}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {335}, abstract = {

Introduction: Jatropha curcas L. seeds are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases or conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects on inflammation and the nervous system of ethanol extract of J. curcas seeds. Materials and methods: It was used 64 mice divided in 8 groups; respectively, 4 groups received 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg of ethanol extract of J. curcas seed; and the rest intake Diclofenac, Diazepam, Caffeine and a control group not received any substance. The effects on inflammation was evaluated by Carrageenan-Induced paw oedema test and by Paw skin temperature. Neurological symptoms of toxicity were evaluated using the Irwin test. For the analysis of quantitative variables were used the following tests: one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Shapiro-Wilk and Pearson correlation; for qualitative variables Chi square was used. Results: According to the paw oedema, it was showed a trend on an inflammatory effect of the seeds of J. curcas; this activity was statistically significant in doses of 1000 mg/kg. Also, the skin temperature measurements outcomes reveal a positive dose response manner. Regard to neurological manifestations, Straub tail was founded in doses of 400 mg/kg. Stereotypies were founded in doses of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg throughout the evaluation. Conclusion: J. curcas seeds were showed an inflammatory effect. In addition, effects on the nervous system were founded as stereotypes and Straub tail.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Inflammation, Jatropha curcas, Nervous System., Seeds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.4.5}, author = {Zambrano-Huailla Alexander and Zambrano-Huailla Rommel and Goicochea-Lugo Sergio and Zavala-Flores Ernesto and Garc{\'\i}a-Berrocal Jorge and Chau-Saravia Angel and Pante-Medina Carlos and Salazar-Granara Alberto} }