@article {2139, title = {Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Infection}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {905-909}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {905}, abstract = {

Background: Multinucleated giant cells were first described by Langhans(MGCs), these MGCs have a role in innate immunity that includes extracellular matrix remodeling associated with granuloma formation; another function of them is to participate in the removal of cellular debris in apoptosis during certain infections. Objective: Generate multinucleated giant cells due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis infection. Methods: For infection macrophage/parasite ratio of 1 to 10 using the RAW 264.7-line (5 x105/mL) and Leishmania (V.) braziliensis metacyclic promastigotes (50 x105/mL) was a strain maintained in culture Schneider liquid medium, supplemented with 20\% fetal bovine serum and 10 000 U/10 mg/mL penicillin streptomycin at pH 7 and 25 {\textdegree}C in the laboratory. Incubation was continued for 4 days, and microscopic observation at 1000X was performed at 24 hours and 96 hours, respectively. Results: In our study an MGC conversion was observed at 96 hours (50\% {\textpm} 28.2). Conclusions: In vitro MGC model could be used to study the physiopathology of MGC generation by Leishmania (V.) braziliensis infection.

}, keywords = {Immunity, Infection, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Macrophage, Multinucleated Giant Cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.172}, author = {Jes{\'u}s Rojas-Jaimes and Luis Casta{\~n}eda Pelaez} } @article {1371, title = {Immunostimulatory Activities of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) in White Male Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {368-375}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {368}, abstract = {

Introduction: Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) has many pharmacological activies, such as improving the immune system. Aim: This research aims to study the immunomodulatory effect of Pegagan embun herbs ethanol extract (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) determined by phagocytic activity and capacity of macrophages, total and percentage of leukocytes. Methods: 25 male white mice were divided into 5 equal groups. Negative control group were given Na CMC 0.5\%, the extract treated group were given Pegagan embun ethanol extract at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw, and the positive control group was given Stimuno 50 mg/kgbw orally for 7 days. On the 8th day, the total and percentage of leukocytes were counted through blood sample taken intravenously. The mice were then induced with Staphylococcus aureus suspension. After one hour, the peritoneal fluids was taken to determine the macrophages activity and capacity. The macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, total and percentage of leukocytes were analyzed by One-Way Anova followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (p\<0.05). Results: The results show significant increase of concentration (p\<0.05) towards macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, and total leukocytes count. Percentage of leukocytes show that lymphocytes increase significantly (p\<0.05), meanwhile neutrophils segments decrease significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanol extract of Pegagan embun herb at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw shows immunostimulatory activity.

}, keywords = {Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Leukocytes, Macrophage, Phagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.47}, author = {Afriwardi and Yufri Aldi and Dwisari Dillasamola and Yolanda Alfiyyah Larakhansa and Elsa Badriyya} }