@article {1346, title = {GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Safety Assessment of the Ethanol Extract of the Barks of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex.G.Don (Family Apocynaceae): Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies in Swiss Albino Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {162-171}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {162}, abstract = {

Background: Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don belongs to the family Apocynaceae and has several therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. This plant has various pharmacological properties such as antihelmintic, antidiuretic and antidiabetic. One of the major concerns, as they are used, is the lack of adequate pharmacological and toxicological data to support their uses. Objective: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of an ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex.G.Don (Apocynaceae) by determining its potential toxicity after oral administration for 28 days. Methods: In sub-acute toxicity, the extract at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg, bw was administered orally for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, the mice were decapitated; brain was homogenized for evaluating oxidative stress. The brain was fixed in 10 \% formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was performed by (GC-MS). Result: In the sub-acute study in mice, daily oral administration of HP resulted in a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation of treated animals and a decrease in enzymes activity of CAT, SOD, GPX and GR in both, males and females mice. Histopathological analysis showed alterations in the mice brain cortex. From the GC-MS analysis of the plant extract, it was evident that major phytochemicals were present in the ethanol extract of HP. Some major phytochemicals namely, conessimine (17.81 \%); lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.50\%); piperidine, 2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-(6.44\%); lup-20(29)-ene-3, 28-diol, (3.beta.) (4.82\%) and 17- (1, 5-dimethyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-hex-4-enyl (4.37\%) were found. Conclusion: H.pubsecne bark ethanol extract was found to be relatively safe in lower doses although at higher doses it can cause lipid peroxidation and damage to the neuronal cell of the brain and should therefore be used with caution.

}, keywords = {GC-MS, Holarrhena pubescens, Mice, Oxidative stress, Sub-acute toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.23}, author = {Sanjit Namasudra and Pankaj Phukan and Meenakshi Bawari} } @article {326, title = {Sub-acute Toxicity Study of The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Asam Kandis Rinds (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on the Liver and Renal Function in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {345-349}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {345}, abstract = {

Objective: The present study investigated the sub acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) Rinds in mice. Material and Methods: Sub acute toxicity study was carried out by giving orally at dose 500, 1000 dan 2000 mg / kgBW extract to five mice at 21 days. Animals were observed individually for any clinical signs of toxicity or mortality for 14 days. Measured parameters were SGPT levels, serum creatinine levels, weight ratio of liver and kidney. Extract was given orally at dose 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW for 21 days. Observations were done on day 8th, 15th and 22th using blood serum, liver and kidneys of mice. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan\’s Multiple Range Test. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of G. cowa at doses 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW gave significant effect on increasing SGPT levels and decreasing levels of serum creatinine (p \<0.05). The length of treatment gave significant effect on decreasing levels of serum creatinine, weight ratio of liver and kidney (p \<0.05). Conclusion: The dosage of the ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis rinds provides significant effect on the SGPT and serum creatinine levels of male white mice. The duration of administration of ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis rinds provides significant effect on serum creatinine levels, the weight ratio of liver and kidney organ of male white mice.\ 

}, keywords = {Creatinine serum, Garcinia cowa rinds, SGPT, Sub-acute toxicity, Weight ratio of liver and kidney}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.58}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.58}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dessy Arisanty and Nelsi Fitri Hayaty and Dian Ayu Juwita and Almahdy} } @article {177, title = {Acute and sub-acute Toxicity study of Aqueous extracts of Canscora heteroclita (L) Gilg in Rodents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {June/2016}, pages = {399-410}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {399}, abstract = {

Background: Canscora heteroclita (C. heteroclita) being used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India for treatment of various diseases. No systematic toxicity study for this plant was described. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the safety use of this plant in traditional practice. Materials and Methods: The acute oral toxicity study of aqueous extract of Canscora heteroclita (AECH) was carried out as per the OECD guidelines 423 in mice and the sub-acute toxicity was carried out at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg as per OECD 407 guidelines in male and female rats. Results: Mice administered upto 2000 mg/kg as a single dose orally not caused any signs of toxicity or mortality in mice. In sub-acute toxicity study in rats, AECH at two different daily doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days did not cause any significant change including the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examinations showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances. Conclusion: No deaths or any signs of toxicity was observed after oral administration in acute toxicity study upto a dose of 2000 mg/kg of AECH in mice and upto a dose of 400 mg/kg of AECH in sub acute toxicity study in rats.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Biochemical, Canscora heteroclita, Histology., Sub-acute toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.4.15}, author = {Rajasekaran Aiyalu and Arivukkarasu Ramasamy} }