@article {2588, title = {Anti-inflammatory Activity, Toxicity Assessment and GC-MS Chemical Profiling of Cha-Nu-Ruk Traditional Thai Herbal Poultice for Knee Pain Management}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {April 2026}, pages = {31-35}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Introduction: Thai Traditional herbal medicine employs multi-herb formulations for managing inflammatory conditions. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties, cytotoxicity, and chemical composition of Cha-Nu-Ruk, an eight-herb traditional poultice formulation for knee pain. Methods: Eight medicinal plants (Tiliacora triandra, Thunbergia laurifolia, Azadirachta indica, Clinacanthus nutans, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Justicia gendarussa, Sida acuta, and Zingiber cassumunar) were extracted with 70\% ethanol. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through nitric oxide inhibition assay using Jurkat cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay. Chemical profiling employed GC-MS analysis. Results: Individual plant extracts demonstrated variable anti-inflammatory activity (NO inhibition: 28.52-73.80\%) with Clinacanthus nutans showing highest potency. The combined eight-herb formulation yielded 11.82{\textpm}0.41\% extraction efficiency with 26.2\% NO inhibition. GC-MS analysis identified 21 compounds, with DMPBD (19.13\% relative abundance) and β-sitosterol (1.13\%). Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed acceptable safety profiles (\>80\% cell viability) for most extracts. Conclusions: While individual herbs showed promising anti-inflammatory potential, the traditional eight-herb combination did not demonstrate synergistic enhancement. Chemical standardization revealed significant batch-to-batch variability, highlighting the need for optimized formulation ratios and quality control protocols.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, GC-MS, Herbal poultice, Knee pain, Phytochemistry, Thai traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2026.18.114}, author = {Rattazart Denchai and Somsak Nualkaew and Pornpun Laovachirasuwan and Nopphawan Pornsiri and Chonlada Judprakop and Surapong Rattana} } @article {1616, title = {Comparison of Colchicine Content in Gloriosa superba L., Root after Pretreatment by Thai Traditional Medicine Methods}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {942-948}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {942}, abstract = {

Introduction: In Thai traditional medical practice, the roots of Gloriosa superba L. must be treated prior to use as Thai herbal remedies. Colchicine is a major active chemical constituent in the roots. It was reported that lethal doses of colchicine were 7-26 mg. There have been two pieces of evidence that indicated 5 different pretreatment methods of Gloriosa superba L., roots. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the amount of colchicine before and after pre-treated by 5 different methods and compare colchicine content after pretreatment between methods. Methods: Provide five different locations of fresh Gloriosa superba L., roots. Each sample divided into 6 groups. The first group would be treated as a control, the second to the sixth group was pre-treated by roasting, burning, boiling, stewing, and grilling which follow the methods from two pieces of evidence. Subsequently, quantitative analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The amount of colchicine in roots before and after pre-treated by roasting, burning, boiling, stewing, and grilling methods were significantly reduced by 45.61{\textpm}10.61\% (p=0.000), 37.35{\textpm}14.15\% (p=0.000), 44.55{\textpm}8.60\% (p=0.000), 76.40{\textpm}10.70\% (p=0.000), and 30.35{\textpm}11.31\% (p=0.000), respectively. The stewing method was the greatest decrease amount of colchicine which significantly different from other methods. (p=0.000). Conclusion: All 5 methods were significantly reduced amounts of colchicine in the roots of Gloriosa superba L. They were effective methods to pre-treat the roots of Gloriosa superba L. prior to use as Thai herbal remedies.

}, keywords = {Colchicine, Gloriosa superba L., HPLC, Pretreatment methods, Thai traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.121}, author = {Sasithorn Tandhavadhana} }