@article {1797, title = {Antihypercholesterolemic Power of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {518-523}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {518}, abstract = {

Background: The decoction of red dragon fruit peel contains chemical components with antioxidant activity of lowering blood LDL cholesterol levels. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic power of red dragon fruit peel ethanolic extract. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 mice were divided into four treatment groups, each receiving distilled water at dose 0.39 ml/20 g body weight (A), red dragon fruit peel extract at dose 5.40 mg/20 g body weight (B) and 10.80 mg/20 g body weight (C), also simvastatin at dose 0.026 mg/20 g body weight (D). All experimental animals were given high fat intake in cow brain suspension for 60 days to increase LDL cholesterol levels in the blood. For 14 consecutive days, hypercholesterolemic mice were given test preparations. Mice were sacrificed on day 75 for blood and aortic samples. Results: The average blood LDL cholesterol levels in mice were 91.67 mg/dl, 63.23 mg/dl, 43.52 mg/dl, and 32.94 mg/dl (p\<0.05\%). Meanwhile, the average aortic score was 1.09, 0.79, 0.76, and 0.91 in the groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Conclusion: Red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 5.4 mg/20 g and 10.8 mg/20 g body weight reduces blood LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of atherosclerosis

}, keywords = {Atherosclerosis, Hylocereus polyrhizus, LDL cholesterol levels, Red dragon fruit peel.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.65}, author = {Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan and Syafira Amelia} } @article {1791, title = {Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Activity of Virginia tobacco Leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L. var virginia) Fractions with DPPH and FTC Methods}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {544-548}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {544}, abstract = {

Introduction: Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia) is one of the most extensive varieties of tobacco plants. Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia leaves known to contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenol, flavonoids, triterpenoids and glycosides. In addition to cigarette raw materials, tobacco is also able to be efficacious as an antibacterial, antifungal and bioinsecticide. Objective: The aim of this study to determine the total phenol and total flavonoids and also antioxidant activity of Virginia tobacco leaves fractions. The fraction with the largest compound content was evaluated further for its antioxidant activity. Methods: Virginia tobacco leaves was fractioned into dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions. Phenol levels were determined with Follin-Ciocalteu reagent using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method measured at 743.50 nm and gallic acid as a reference compound. Total flavonoid levels were determined with AlCl3 reagent using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method measured at 434.50 nm and quercetin as a reference compound. Antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH and Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) method and the standard used was quercetin. Results: Total phenol levels in Virginia tobacco leaves of DCM, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions respectively were 191.2386 mgGAE/g, 201.2913 mgGAE/g, 180.5714 mgGAE/g, 212.8692 mgGAE/g. Total Flavonoid levels respectively were 6.0927 mgQE/g, 6.9659 mgQE/g, 5.1112 mgQE/g, 8.3346 mgQE/g. Antioxidant of water fraction was evaluated further using DPPH and FTC method with IC50 respectively were 75.9148μg/ml and 67.8972 μg/ml. Conclusion: Overview of total phenol and flavonoid levels fractions and antioxidant can be used as an additional initial reference for Virginia tobacco leaves development as source of medicinal substances.

}, keywords = {Atherosclerosis, Hylocereus polyrhizus, LDL cholesterol levels, Red dragon fruit peel}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.69}, author = {Kori Yati and Misri Gozan and Mardiastuti and Vivi Anggia and Rini Prastiwi and Mahdi Jufri} } @article {1636, title = {Anti-diabetic Activity of the Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Ethanol Extract against Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1079-1085}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1079}, abstract = {

Background: The red dragon fruit peel, which is rarely used in general, contains higher antioxidant properties compared to the flesh parts and has various secondary metabolites utilised in medicines. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the effects of ethanol extract administration of the red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) against the decline of blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus rats. Methods: In this study, the total of 24 male white Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 4 groups. All experimental animals were induced to diabetic conditions by the administration of streptozotocin and nicotinamide dosages at 45 mg/kg body weight and 110 mg/kg body weight, respectively. For 14 days, each group was treated accordingly. The first group or negative control (NC) was treated with the administration of CMC-Na 0.5\% dose 2 ml/200 g body weight; the second group or positive control (PC) was administrated with glibenclamide dose 0.09 mg/200 g body weight; the third (E1) and fourth (E2) groups were administered with the ethanol extracts of the red dragon fruit peels at dosages of 37.44 mg/200 g body weight and 74.88 mg/200 g body weight, respectively. Results: After the 14-day trial, the average levels of blood glucose on the negative control group (382.92 mg/dl) experienced no decline, and the blood glucose levels amongst groups were statistically different (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity of the red dragon fruit peel in the ethanol extract dose 74.88 mg/200 g body weight is statistically equal to the glibenclamide dose 0.09 mg/200 g body weight.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Diabetic rats, Hylocereus polyrhizus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.140}, author = {Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan and Novitasari} }