@article {2479, title = {A Review: Searsia genus and Its Potential Anti-Cancer Properties}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {117-120}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {117}, abstract = {

The Searsia genus, belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, comprises small trees and evergreen shrubs primarily found in Southern Africa, with some species extending to East Africa and the Mediterranean. While these species are well-known for their ecological roles in stabilizing soils and providing habitat for wildlife, they also possess significant medicinal value, particularly in traditional African medicine. Searsia plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This has drawn scientific interest, especially regarding their potential in cancer treatment. Notably, Searsia chirindensis and other species have demonstrated cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines, attributed to compounds like gallic acid and other polyphenolics. This review delves into the phytochemical profiles of selected Searsia species, exploring their medicinal properties with a particular focus on their anticancer activities. The anti-inflammatory properties of these plants, coupled with their antioxidant activities, suggest a promising role in cancer prevention and treatment, although further research is necessary to confirm these benefits in clinical settings.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Phytochemistry, Searsia genus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.16}, author = {Dijeng Euginiah Rampana and Pakiso Moses Makhoahle} } @article {2297, title = {Phytochemistry, Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant and Anti- Inflammatory Properties of Uvaria Chamae and Sida Linifolia Extracts: Potential Implication in Diabetic Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {582-590}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {582-590}, abstract = {

Introduction: Uvaria chamae and Sida linifolia are plants traditionally used in Togo in diabetes treatment, an affection that often leads to several complications. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and toxicity of these two plants extracts. Methods: A phytochemical analysis was carried out on extracts obtained either by decoction or maceration in ethanol of Uvaria chamae leaves and Sida linifolia whole plant. Evaluation of the antihyperglycemic activity consisted in glucose absorption test using yeast and rats{\textquoteright} muscle and jejunum. DPPH test, total antioxidant capacity assay, hemolysis and egg albumin denaturation inhibition assays and evaluation of extracts acute toxicity were performed. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of Uvaria chamae showed the strongest antihyperglycemic activity (p\<0.05); the highest phenolic contents (147.93 {\textpm} 1.01 mg/g), the best total antioxidant capacity (153.33 {\textpm} 4.07), the lowest IC50 (μg/mL) for DPPH test (296.96 {\textpm} 91.69), a capacity of hemolysis (825.99 {\textpm} 29.24) and egg albumin denaturation (738.10 {\textpm} 92.26) inhibition assays. In the same way, hydroalcoholic extract of Sida linifolia, showed the strongest antihyperglycemic activity (p\<0.05), the highest phenolic contents (71.60 {\textpm} 2.16 mg/g), the best total antioxidant capacity (146.98 {\textpm} 2.81), lowest IC50 (μg/ mL) for DPPH test (788.28 {\textpm} 112.54), the hemolysis (882.03 {\textpm} 20.86) and egg albumin denaturation (1966.18 {\textpm} 35.94) inhibition assays. None of the extracts showed acute toxicity in rats. Conclusion: the hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Uvaria chamae and of the whole plant of Sida linifolia could be candidates in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

}, keywords = {Decoction, hyperglycemia, Neuroprotection, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.91}, author = {Sabrina Chris Janiba Sanvee and Bignoate Kombate and Yendub{\'e} Toughelighan Kantati and Pascaline Kindji Kpoyizoun and Essotolom Badjabaissi and Mindede Assih1 Aboudoulatif Diallo and Batomayena Bakoma} } @article {2419, title = {Standardizing Cordia sinensis Lam. Stems: Microscopic Analysis and TLC Fingerprinting of Phenolics and Flavonoids}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1264-1271}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1264}, abstract = {

Introduction: Cordia sinensis Lam., also known synonymously as Cordia rothii, is a small tree from the Boraginaceae family, widely recognized for its therapeutic value in traditional medicine. Although parts like the fruit, bark, leaves, and seeds have been extensively studied; comprehensive pharmacognostic investigations of the stem remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to conduct a detailed microscopic evaluation of Cordia sinensis Lam. stems, establish quality parameters, and perform Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling to identify flavonoids and phenolics. Methods: Authenticated stem samples of Cordia sinensis Lam. underwent thorough pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical analyses following established protocols. Additionally, TLC was performed using both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the stem to detect flavonoids and phenolics. Results: Key microscopic features identified included well-differentiated cork, phellogen, xylem fibers, medullary rays, calcium oxalate crystals, and various wood elements. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and steroids. The TLC profile further revealed distinct bands, indicating the presence of flavonoids and phenolics, with clear visualization under visible light, UV light at 254 nm, and 366 nm. Conclusion: These findings contribute valuable data for the standardization and quality control of Cordia sinensis Lam. stems in herbal medicine applications.

}, keywords = {Cordia sinensis Lam., Pharmacognostical Evaluation, Physicochemical parameters, Phytochemistry, TLC Analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.205}, author = {Pinkey Rawal and Kavitha Jayaseelan and Purnima Ashok} } @article {2024, title = {Review on Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants Documented for the Treatment of Low Sperm Count in Oluponna, Nigeria}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {439-446}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {439}, abstract = {

According to the literature, approximately 32\% of adult males in developing countries suffer from infertility, however, majority of them use herbal remedies with reported benefits such as improved sperm quality, sexual functions, libido and testosterone levels. Recently, the World Health Organization emphasized the importance of documenting active medicinal plants used in various continents. Therefore, this present review focused on the phytochemistry of medicinal plants reported for the treatment of low sperm count in Oluponna area of Osun state, documented in an ancestral local record. Thirteen medicinal plants were documented to be used for management of low sperm count among men in this community. The plants listed in the document belong to ten families and 12 genera. The most cited family in this record is Apocynaceae with three species of plants namely, Alstonia boonei, Laidolphia dulcis, and Rauwolfia vomitoria respectively. Since this is the first review on the documentation of an ancestral knowledge and application of medicinal plants as means of passing the knowledge from a generation to another in Oluponna, additional toxicological and pharmacological studies are hereby recommended in order to provide scientific rationale for the long-term knowledge and use of these plants.

}, keywords = {Ancestral medicinal plants records, Drug development., Infertility, Low sperm count, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.69}, author = {Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin and Oyindamola Esther Awosola and Gbenga Temidayo Ajayi and Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo} } @article {1787, title = {A Review of an Important Plants: Annona squamosa Leaf}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {456-463}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Plants have been utilized extensively in traditional medicine by a range of nations since ancient times, and more research into their safety, efficacy, and quality value is needed. One of the plants that have been widely used by society in traditional medicine is Annona squamosa L. A. squamosa is commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Based on previous research, all parts of A. squamosa including bark, leaf, and roots have proven biological activities such as antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer, especially on the leaves. Indian people have long history used young leaves of A. squamosa for antidiabetic, besides in South China, they use seeds to decrease the cancer effect in the human body. The pharmacological activities of A. squamosa leaves are antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antidiarrheals, antiplatelet, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytoprotective. Phytochemicals in A. squamosa leaves include coumarins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and saponins. Meanwhile based on nutritional analysis shows that the A. squamosa leaves are water, protein, lipids, Fiber Ash and Calcium.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Medicine, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Traditional medicinal plant}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.58}, author = {Arifia Safira and Prasita Widayani and Dhiya An-Najaaty and Cinta Atsa Mahesa Rani and Mela Septiani and Yan Arengga Syah Putra and Tridiganita Intan Solikhah and Aswin Rafif Khairullah and Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo} } @article {1360, title = {Pharmacological Potential of the Stinging Plant Tragia Species: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {278-284}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {278}, abstract = {

Tragia is well known in the botanical world a stinging plants. Apart from this, the genus also occupies an important constituent of alternative systems of medicine as well as ethnobotany. Among the various species of Tragia, the most studied and experimented species is T. involucrata. This genus is used for several ethnobotanical uses such as cancer, diarrhea, constipation, scorpion bite, rheumatism, whooping cough and diabetes. Apart from this the genus is also an important constituent of ayurvedic and siddha medicines. Owing to these properties several researches has been conducted to validate the traditional uses, finding out new uses and understanding the phytochemical profile. Alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids and tannin are present in the genus Tragia. Calcium oxalate and shellsol is responsible for the stinging property. Various species of Tragia has been validated for its important properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. All these properties has been related to the occurrence of secondary metabolites. However the exact lead metabolite for the pharmacological properties has to be identified. Based the experimentally proved pharmacological properties, Tragia possesses significant potential on a medicinal species.

}, keywords = {Alkaloids, Antibacterial, Nanoparticles, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemistry, Tragia}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.37}, author = {Narasimhan S} } @article {1203, title = {Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Cycas revoluta Thunb A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1165-1171}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1165}, abstract = {

Cycas revoluta Thunb. or sago palm is an important species of cycads, endemically found in Japan, especially in southern Japan throughout the Ryukyu Island. The species is of massive ethnobotanical significance and used at large by the poor people and population of hilly areas in famine condition. It is mainly valued for its starch contains and used as fiber to construct cloth and ropes. It shows several pharmacological activities since different parts of this plant contain several chemicals like glycosides, amino acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and lectins. The aim of the present review is to compile all the informations available related to taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities to explore the importance of C. revoluta.

}, keywords = {Cycas revoluta, Endemic species, Ethnobotany, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.164}, author = {GS Deora and Monika K Shekhawat and Sarswati} } @article {1082, title = {Morpho-anatomical, Phytochemical and TLC/HPTLC Studies on Whole Plant of Plectranthus vettiveroides (Jacob) N.P. Singh and B.D. Sharma}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {58-65}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {58}, abstract = {

Background: Plectranthus vettiveroides is an aromatic perennial herb, which belongs to family Lamiaceae. The whole plant of P. vettiveroides is aromatic, bitter, cooling, febrifuge, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, useful in vitiated conditions of pitta, burning sensation, leprosy, skin diseases, leucoderma, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, ulcers, stomachic and emmenagogue. In the present investigation morpho-anatomical, preliminary phyto-chemical, physico-chemical parameters and TLC/HPTLC fingerprint of the whole plant of P. vettiveroids were carried out and reported. Objective: To carry out morpho-anatomical, phytochemical and TLC/HPTLC studies on dried whole plant of P. vettiveroides for authentication/identification. Methods: The morphology, microscopy and phyto-chemical investigation were carried out by following standard methods. Results: Microscopically spiral, reticulated, scalariform and pitted vessels, libriform and septate fibres, multicellular branched covering trichomes, glandular trichomes and silica crystals are the unique diagnostic characteristics in whole plant of P. vettiveroides. The preliminary phyto-chemical, physico-chemical parameters and number of spots and Rf values of TLC/HPTLC are found to be unique diagnostic characteristics of the plant for identification. Conclusion: The finding of present study is helpful in standardization of formulation consists of whole plant of P. vettiveroides as ingredient in their powdered form and also for authentication/ identification of dried whole plant of P. vettiveroides.

}, keywords = {Morpho-anatomy, P. vettiveroides, Phytochemistry, standardization, TLC/HPTLC finger print}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.10}, author = {Velvizhi D and Nartunai G and Susikumar S and Ilavarasan R} } @article {1299, title = {A Perspective Overview on Hygrophila auriculata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1748-1752}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1748}, abstract = {

Hygrophila auriculata, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, is a promising medicinal plant with great economic potential. The medicinal value of H. auriculata has been appreciated in the ancient medical literature. The plant contains terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and is traditionally known as an aphrodisiac, renal tonic, and for its health-promoting properties. The plant is cultivated throughout India. However, systematic information on the different aspects of this species is not available. In this review, an attempt has been made to present this information.

}, keywords = {Hygrophila auriculata, Pharmacological activity, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.237}, author = {S Dhanalakshmi and N Harikrishnan and N Srinivasan and P Pandian and BA Tanisha and M Tharun Kumar and V Lokesh and N Yuvashri and S Supriya} } @article {890, title = {Effect of Agricultural Model of using Fertilizer, Harvesting Time and Extraction Method on Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities from Mulberry Leaves Grown in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {531-535}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {531}, abstract = {

Aims: Phytochemical contents and free radical scavenging of Mulberry leaf extracts by using different fertilizer, time of harvesting and solvent extraction were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Dried Mulberry leaves were extracted by using different solvent including aqueous, 50\% ethanol and 95\% ethanol. The phytochemical screening were determined by Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC). The anti-oxidation were tested by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2 -azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) assay. Results: This experimental study found that the mulberry leaf extract were given extraction with 95\% ethanol, all of fertilizer and at Week 4 showed highest total phenolic contents espectcially BET2 was high amount of TPC (124.444{\textpm}0.609 mgGE/gExt). The harvest time, all of groups at the Week 4 were significantly higher than all of groups at the Week 2. On the other hand, total flavonoid contents, the DET1 (Fertilizer formula 15-15-15, extraction with 95\% ethanol at the Week 2; 110.913{\textpm}3.208 mgQE/gExt) showed highest amount. The Antioxidant activities, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, The groups were given extraction with 95\% ethanol, all of fertilizer at the Week 4 including CHT2 (IC50 =0.00459{\textpm}0.00001 mg/mL), BHT2 (IC50 =0.00487 {\textpm}0.00005 mg/mL), AHT2 (IC50 =0.00499{\textpm}0.00007 mg/mL), DHT2 (IC50 =0.00499{\textpm}0.00005 mg/mL) and EHT2 (IC50 =0.00667 {\textpm}0.00039 mg/mL) were more potent on free radical scavenging higher than all of groups. The ABTS+ assay, at the Week 2 of all fertilizer groups were given with all solvent extraction including BHT1 (IC50 =0.03191{\textpm}0.00257 mg/mL), CHT1 (IC50 =0.03247{\textpm}0.00044 mg/mL), AHT1 (IC50 =0.03320{\textpm}0.00120 mg/mL), EHT1 (IC50 =0.03342{\textpm}0.00116 mg/mL) and AAT1 (IC50 =0.03792{\textpm}0.00076 mg/mL) showed free radical scavenging activity not different from standard substances, ascorbic acid (IC50 =0.00699 {\textpm}0.00004 mg/mL) and Trolox\ (IC50 =0.01594{\textpm}0.00116 mg/mL). Conclusion: The study was undertaken to investigate it{\textquoteright}s fertilizer use, harvest time and extraction method for biologically activities also chemical composition contents and their antioxidant potentials. Therefore, our data might be help to good cultivation and harvesting practice selection in order to produce better of mulberry leaf production.

}, keywords = {Antioxidation, Fertilizer, Harvesting, Mulberry leaves, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.85}, author = {Pharnuwan Chanhan and Ampa Konsue and Rachanee Nammatra} } @article {823, title = {An Eye-Catching Review of Aegle marmelos L. (Golden Apple)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {207-224}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {207}, abstract = {

Introduction: Plants and their products are a major source for food and medicine that are highly beneficial for various animals and humans. This article focuses on complete profile of Aegle marmelos L. which belongs to the family Rutaceae, is commonly known as bael, widely available in several places in India. Ethnobotany: Traditional use of A. marmelos for various diseases includes abdominal disorders, ulcer, cholera, diarrhea, nerve disorders, gonorrhea, heart disorders, dog bite, jaundice, snake bite and many more. A number of biologically active compounds isolated from various parts of A. marmelos which belongs to various chemical groups. Phytochemistry: The isolated components belong to Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Vitamins, Coumarins, Tannins, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Fatty Acids, Essential Oils and some other miscellaneous compounds. Pharmacological Activities: The plant also possess various pharmacological activities such as Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antidiarrheal, Antidiabetic, Antiproliferative, Cytoprotective, Hepatoprotective, Antifertility, Analgesic, Antiarthritis, Contractile, Antihyperlipidemic, Cardioprotective, Radioprotective, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antiulcer, Immunomodulatory and Wound Healing properties. Conclusion: Hence this review can be a good reference for researchers who are willing to undertake further investigation about A. marmelos.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Ethnobotany, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemistry, Traditional use}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.34}, author = {Kausik Bhar and Sumanta Mondal and Padilam Suresh} } @article {922, title = {Phytochemical Screening, HPTLC Fingerprinting and Invitro Antioxidant Activity of Root Extract of Asparagus racemosus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {818-823}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {818}, abstract = {

Background: Asparagus racemosus is a climber shrub used in Indian medicine for centuries. It has been used as galactogogue and nerve tonic in folk medicine. The recent research on A. racemosus has revealed its disease fighting properties such as anti-bacterial, immunomodulatory, cardio protective, anti-stress, etc. Phytochemicals present in the plants are associated with their therapeutic capabilities. Hence, phytochemical screening of a therapeutic plant is essential. Materials and Methods: A preliminary qualitative screening of phytoconstituents present in the ethanol and aqueous extract of the plant was done. high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to create a phytochemical fingerprint of the plant extract. Further, a series of antioxidant assays, i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) radical, Nitric oxide (NO) radical, Superoxide (SO) radical and 2,2{\textquoteright}-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were done. Results: The phytochemical screening and the HPTLC fingerprint showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins etc. They also showed free radical scavenging property and hence can be used as potential primary antioxidant. Conclusion: A preliminary screening created a phytochemical profile of A. racemosus extracts. These phytoconstituents may be linked to the various known therapeutic applications of the plant. This may aid in further extensive studies for identifying and isolating compounds with potential therapeutic value in A. racemosus.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Asparagus racemosus, Chromatography, Phytochemistry, Phytoconstituents, Therapeutics}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.131}, author = {Kalaivani Selvaraj and Girija Sivakumar and Aruthra Arumugam Pillai and Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan and Srinivasa Rao Bolla and Geetha Royapuram Veeraraghavan and Gayathri Rengasamy and Joel P Joseph and Janardhana PB} } @article {749, title = {Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Pterocarpus marsupium: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s1-s8}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {s1}, abstract = {

Pterocarpus marsupium is an important therapeutic and medicinal plant belonging to family Fabaceae and commonly named as Indian Kino tree, Bijasal, Venga or Vijayasara. It is a huge deciduous plant and widely distributed in the Central, Western and Southern regions of India. Role of P. marsupium is found in Ayurveda, Homeopathic and Unani systems of medicine. It is a decent source of tannins and flavonoids hence, used as influential astringent, anodyne, cooling, regenerating agent and also used for the treatments of leprosy, leucoderma, toothache, fractures, diarrhea, passive hemorrhage, and dysentery, bruises and diabetes. It is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, gout, diabetic anemia, indigestion, asthma, cough, discoloration of hair, bronchitis, ophthalmic complications, elephantiasis and erysipelas. Researchers have been stated the presence of several phytoconstituents in P. marsupium and also their pharmacological activities. The current review aimed to define the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of P. marsupium which will have been help in the researchers for further qualitative research.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Epicatechin, Indian Kino, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pterocarpus marsupium, Tannin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.1}, author = {Mohd Saidur Rahman and Md. Mujahid and Mohd Aftab Siddiqui and Md. Azizur Rahman, and Muhammad Arif and Shimaila Eram and Anayatullah Khan and Md Azeemuddin} } @article {636, title = {A Review on Himalayan Pine Species: Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {611-619}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {611}, abstract = {

Introduction: Ever since ancient times, medicinal plants recognized as major source of therapeutics, as rescue for human diseases and maintain health. There is an exponential increase in usage of green medicines due to less cost and fewer side effects. The family Pinaceae, is largest conifer in species diversity. Pinus is the largest genus of monoecious, resiniferous, evergreen trees commonly known as Pines. Three species of pines occur wild in Indian Himalayas Pinus roxburghii, Pinus wallichiana , Pinus gerardiana. In addition, the constituents present in these plants are beneficial for the purpose of treatment of various ailments. Methods: Information was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via electronic search tools( Medline, Pubmed etc.) Results: This review summarizes the existing information on three species of Pinus in relation to their pharmacognostic properties, phytochemistry, ethanopharmacology and pharmacological activities.

}, keywords = {Ethanopharmacology, Himalayas, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pinus, Pinus gerardiana, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus wallichina}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.100}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/678}, author = {Aditi Sharma and Lalit Sharma and Rohit Goyal} } @article {97, title = {Chemical Constituents and in vitro anticancer activity of Tiliacora triandra leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2015}, pages = {1-3}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Introduction: \ Tiliacora triandra (F. Menispermaceae) is edible and is also known for medicinal values. The leaves are a popular flavoring in Southeast Asia, especially in the northeast of Thailand.\  The objectives of this study were to determine the major constituents of the leaves of T. triandra, and assess their anticancer activities against human cancer cell lines. Methods: The leaves were extracted by a soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water. Major constituents were then purified and identified using chromatographic procedures and various spectroscopic techniques.\  In vitro anticancer activity tests of T. triandra extracts were performed by resazurinmicroplate assay (REMA), and tested with 3 cell lines: oral cavity cancer (KB), lung cancer (NCI-H187) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Results: The result indicated that the main compound of T. triandra leaves was oxoanolobine. The methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against lung cancer (NCI-H187) cell line whereas the water extract exhibited the highest activity against oral cavity cancer (KB) cell line. The IC50 of oxoanolobine against the NCI-H187 cell line was 27.60 \± 4.30 \µg/mL. Conclusion:T. triandra leaves contain oxoanolobine as the major constituent and have the potential of anticancer activity but are required to be investigated further.

}, keywords = {In vitro anticancer activity, Oxoanolobine, Phytochemistry, Tiliacora triandra, Yanang.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.1.1}, author = {Surapong Rattana and Benjamart Cushnie and Ladachart Taepongsorat and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {1540, title = {Ethnobotanical survey and phyto-anatomical studies of some common plants used for the treatment of epilepsy in some rural areas of South west Nigeria}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {96-102}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {96}, abstract = {

Aim: To survey some areas in the southwest Nigeria where epilepsy is treated with plant extracts and determine the commonest plant species that are used, for pharmacognostic analysis. Materials and Methods: Open-ended and semi-structured interviews were conducted for information from traditional medicine practitioners. Plant names given were authenticated in the herbarium and phytochemical and anatomical analyses were conducted on the plant parts that are used for treatment using standard approaches. Results: Fifty practitioners were interviewed and they gave 17 different plants; out of these, the 5 commonest ones were investigated. The plants are either used individually or in combination with other plant(s). Services may be rendered freely or by collecting a token which is supernaturally believed to have negative consequences. The practitioners engaged in out-patient and in-patient services and patients are usually totally cured. There are also some inexplicable practices such as oracle visitation, incantations etc. A total of 30 patients have been cured in the last decade by each practitioner. Saponin, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phlobatannins and alkaloids were isolated using three different media (methanol, petroleum ether and water) and diagnostic anatomical characters of the leaf epidermis, fruit wall, bark and root of the plants are presented in a single account for the first time in the country. The plants studied were Newbouldia laevis, Securidaca longipedunculata, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Nicotiana tabacum and Senna occidentalis. Conclusion: The phytochemicals found are suggestive of the underlying medicinal potency of the plants and future work will help to establish the most active principles which will lead to development of drugs for treating the disease. The diagnostic anatomical characters can be employed in resolving doubts especially when the plant materials are in fragments. The least mentioned plant species can be saved from harvesting to conserve the rich flora diversity in the country.

Key words: Epilepsy, phytochemistry, plant anatomy, south-west Nigeria, tropical forest.

}, keywords = {Epilepsy, Phytochemistry, Plant anatomy, south-west Nigeria, tropical forestv}, author = {A. Babalola Kadiri, and O. Mawoussi Agboola, and F. Olatunde. Fashina.} }