@article {1894, title = {Phytochemical Approach Including Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Evaluation of in vitro ABTS Antioxidant Capacity and Lipoxygenase Inhibition of Anisosciadium lanatum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {928-932}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {928}, abstract = {

Anisosciadium lanatum Boiss is commonly known in Bedouins as besbas. Traditional, it is palatable plant and used in medicine of livestock to treat skin conditions . The main objective of current approach was to screen the presence of different kind of metabolites applying standard procedures followed by assessment of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) contents. In addition, the in vitro ABTS antioxidant and lipoxygenase activities were evaluated. Different organs (leaves, stems and flowers) of Anisosciadium lanatum were extracted using 70\% methanol to yield total methanol extracts of leaves (TML), stems (TMS) and flowers (TMF). Results demonstrated that TML, TMS and TMF are characterized by the content of different constituents such as flavonoids, phenolics/tannins, steroids, saponins, and carbohydrates at different levels. Ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol (BT) fractions of TML and TMS demonstrated the highest percentage of TPC and TFC. The results demonstrated the competence of EA and BT as free radical scavenger fractions compared to other fractions and its opportunity to contain bioactive antioxidant metabolites . TML, TMS and TMF exhibited Lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 4.88, 5.40 and 6.05 μg/mL, respectively when compared to that of the positive control baicalein (IC50: 0.27 μg /mL). In conclusion, present investigation highlighted the potential of Anisosciadium lanatum to be promising candidate with activity against wide range of inflammatory-related diseases.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Anisosciadium lanatum, Lipoxygenase, total flavonoid, total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.191}, author = {Mohammed Wasel Matar and Shahad Mohammed Nasser Alqahtani and Duaa Adnan Alghafli and Abdullah Abdulhamid Altaweel and Abdullah Jalal Alasoom and Hussein Ali Burshed and Marwan Mohamed Alshawush and Hany Ezzat Khalil} } @article {1284, title = {Determination of Polyphenolic content and Antioxidant Activity from Various Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn Root: An in vitro Approach for Selection of Appropriate Extracting Solvent}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1578-1585}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1578}, abstract = {

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate extraction capacity of different solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water, 60\% aqueous methanol, 60\% aqueous ethanol and 60\% aqueous acetone) and its effect on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant assay. Methods: Extraction was performed from dried root powder of Boerhavia diffusa using various solvents at 25oC on magnetic sirr (300 rpm). Extraction yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total tannin content of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using gallic acid, quercetin as standards. Antioxidant potential determines by using various in vitro methodologies such as DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. Result: The 60\% aqueous methanol showed the highest extracting yield, in contrast, toluene and hexane showed the lowest yield. Highest total phenolic content (239.8{\textpm}0.25 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (131.1{\textpm}4.20 mg QCE/g), were found from methanolic extract. While, acetone extract showed highest tannin content. The Methanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Conclusions: The highest correlation was found between phenolic content and the antioxidant assay. It seems that phenolic contents are responsible for free radicle scavenging activity. From the observation, it concluded that methanolic extract rich with polyphenolic content and acetone extract showed the highest amount of tannin content.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Boerhavia diffusa, crude extract, DPPH, Free radicles, total phenolic content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.216}, author = {Monika Bhalodiya and Jayant Chavda and Nilesh Patel and Ravi Manek and Ajay Patel and Sheetal Faldu} } @article {1036, title = {Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Crude Extracts from Acacia Senegal Leaf Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1409-1414}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1409}, abstract = {

Background: Acacia senegal (Fabaceae) Wild is a leguminous tree with economic values, but its leaves are under-utilised. Objective: To investigate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of crude extracts from A. Senegal{\textquoteright}s leaves. Methods: Methanol and acetone crude extracts of leaves of A. senegal were prepared by maceration using organic solvents, methanol and acetone respectively. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts were evaluated using Association of Agricultural and Chemist (AOAC) protocols. Antioxidant activities of the crude extracts were determined using 2, 2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. Results: The crude extracts (acetone and methanol) showed vary quality of phytochemical constituent including flavonoid, alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, tannin, steroids, and terpenoids. Acetone crude possessed significant (P \< 0.05) higher total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin content in comparison with methanol extracts. Whereas, methanol crude extract possessed significant higher total phenol content compared with acetone crude extract. The crude extracts showed antioxidant activities as evidence in scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals. However, acetone crude with lower IC50 of 0.09 mg/mL possessed significant higher ABTS scavenging ability compared to methanol (0.07 mg/mL) and ascorbic acid (0.07 mg/mL). Conclusion: The crude extracts could serve as a promising natural antioxidant agent in management of oxidative stress diseases. For further studies, bioactive compounds need to be ascertained.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Acacia Senegal, Antioxidants, crude extract, DPPH, Free Radicals}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.218}, author = {Edwina O Uzunuigbe and Foluso O Osunsanmi and Priscilla Masamba and Rebamang A Mosa and Rebamang A Mosa and Andrew R Opoku and Abidemi P Kappo} } @article {923, title = {Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Crude Extracts from Lippia Javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {803-807}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {803}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in most life threaten diseases. Objectives: This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Lippia javanica{\textquoteright}s crude extracts. Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out on pulverized Lippia javanica leaves using standard protocols. Crude extracts were prepared using various solvents (hexane, acetone, ethylacetate, methanol, dichloromethane respectively), and percentage yields calculated. The antioxidant activities of crude extracts were monitored with DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide (NO) radicals using spectra techniques. Results: The phytochemical presents in Lippia javanica were tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols. Percentage yield increased in order; Acetone \> Methanol, \> Dichloromethane \> Ethyl-acetate \> Hexane. All the crude extracts showed differ degrees of antioxidant potential as evidence by significantly (P \< 0.05) scavenging DPPH, ABTS and NO radicals, Acetone crude extract showed the lowest IC50 (2.22 {\texttimes} 10-3 and 2.42 {\texttimes} 10-3 mg/ml) toward DPPH and ABTS radical respectively in comparison to other crude extracts, and the positive controls (Ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl anisole), Hexane crude extract showed the lowest IC50 (3.95 {\texttimes} 10-1 mg/ml) toward NO radical compared with other treatments. Conclusion: Therefore, this study proves that Lippia javanica crude extracts are good source of natural antioxidants in alleviating oxidative stress diseases. Isolation of bioactive compounds from crude extracts are desirable for future studies.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Antioxidants, DPPH, Lippia Javanica, Phytochemicals}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.128}, author = {Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi and Godfrey Elijah Zharare and Andy Rowland Opoku} } @article {629, title = {Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Water and Methanol Extracts of Phyllanthus species from Malaysia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {677-681}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {677}, abstract = {

Aims: The effects of 2 types of solvents, water and methanol were investigated to determine the presence of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from three Phyllanthus species namely, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri and Phyllanthus debilis. Materials\ and\ Methods: The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The chemical contents of the Phyllanthus sp. were presented as total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Statistical analysis used: All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for Windows, Version 22. All data were presented as mean \± standard deviation. Results: Our result showed that P. urinaria showed higher TPC, followed by P. debilis and P. niruri for both methanol and water extracts. Similarly, P. urinaria showed higher TFC than P. debilis and P. niruri. The antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed EC50 of samples ranged from 15.8 to 29.3 \μg/mL for methanol extract and 33.5 to 73.0 \μg/mL for water extract. The 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay showed EC50 ranges which were from 11.2 to 26.0 \μg/mL for methanol extract and 13.5 to 37.4 \μg/mL for water extract. Conclusion: Methanol extract showed higher TPC, TFC value and lower EC50 values for antioxidant activities when compared to water extract. In both methanol and water extracts, P. urinaria had higher TPC and TFC value and lower EC50 for both DPPH and ABTS assay followed by P. debilis and P. niruri.

}, keywords = {ABTS, DPPH, Flavonoid, phenolic, Phyllanthus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.111}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/649}, author = {Siti Nur Dalila Mohd Zain and Wan Adnan Wan Omar} } @article {39, title = {Antioxidant and metal chelating activities of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl peel, pulp and aerial parts in relation to their total phenol and flavonoid content}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {64-73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {64}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid content of different parts (peel, pulp and aerial parts) of Lagenaria siceraria. Method: Successive extraction was done by cold percolation method using solvents of different polarity viz. petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, water. Total phenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu\’s reagent method and flavonoid was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The antioxidant assays evaluated were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, 2, 2\’-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl) benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power. Results: L. siceraria peel possessed maximum phenol and flavonoid content in acetone and toluene extracts respectively. FRAP was maximum in acetone extract of peel. The peel extract demonstrated stronger DPPH activity with IC50 value of 111 \μg/ml followed by pulp extract. The same extract was effective in scavenging ABTS radical with an IC50 value of 39 \μg/ml while other parts were ineffective. Conclusion: This work demonstrated good antioxidant activity of L. siceraria vegetable cultivated in India and recommends that the peel of this vegetable may be of interest from a functional point of view as a major source of natural antioxidant.

}, keywords = {ABTS, antioxidant activity, DPPH, FRAP, Lagenaria siceraria, total phenol.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.7.8}, author = {Sumitra Chanda and Pooja Moteriya and Hemali Padaliya and Tejas Rathod and Yogesh Baravalia} } @article {1457, title = {Antioxidant and metal chelating activities of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl peel, pulp and aerial parts in relation to their total phenol and flavonoid content}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {27th Nov, 2014}, pages = {64-73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {64}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid content of different parts (peel, pulp and aerial parts) of Lagenaria siceraria. Method: Successive extraction was done by cold percolation method using solvents of different polarity viz. petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, water. Total phenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu\’s reagent method and flavonoid was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The antioxidant assays evaluated were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, 2, 2\’-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl) benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power. Results: L. siceraria peel possessed maximum phenol and flavonoid content in acetone and toluene extracts respectively. FRAP was maximum in acetone extract of peel. The peel extract demonstrated stronger DPPH activity with IC50 value of 111 \μg/ml followed by pulp extract. The same extract was effective in scavenging ABTS radical with an IC50 value of 39 \μg/ml while other parts were ineffective. Conclusion: This work demonstrated good antioxidant activity of L. siceraria vegetable cultivated in India and recommends that the peel of this vegetable may be of interest from a functional point of view as a major source of natural antioxidant.

Key words:Lagenaria siceraria, antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, total phenol.

}, keywords = {ABTS, antioxidant activity, DPPH, FRAP, Lagenaria siceraria, total phenol.}, author = {Sumitra Chanda and Pooja Moteriya and Hemali Padaliya and Tejas Rathod and Yogesh Baravalia} } @article {63, title = {Iron Reducing and Radical Scavenging Activities of 13 Medicinal Plants From C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {266-270}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {266}, abstract = {

Objective: Oxidative stress has been involved in the development of varied human diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron reducing power and the antiradical activity of 13 plants traditionally used as medicinal plants in C\ôte d\’Ivoire. Materials and Methods: FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ABTS (2,2\’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid)) assays were used to assess the antioxidant property of 80\% methanol extracts prepared from the 13 plants. Results: A high iron reducing activity was exhibited by extracts from leaves of Leea guineensis (42.76 \± 28.54 mg of TE/gdry extract) and Bersama abyssinica (39.77 \± 31.29 mg of TE/g dry extract). Smeathmannia pubescens (\% ABTS = 92.44 \± 12.93\%), L. guineensis (\%ABTS = 89.73 \± 15.10\%), Keetia venosa (\% ABTS = 88.78 \± 17.36 \%) and Sapium ellipticum (\%ABTS = 85.86 \± 25.10\%), showed promising antiradical activity with IC50 values of 4.50, 5.00, 5.40 and 5.70 \μg/mL respectively. These values are (p \< 0.05) close to those of Trolox (CI50 = 4.10 \μg/mL) and ascorbic acid (CI50 = 4.90 \μg/mL). Conclusion: Our findings confirm the traditional use of the studied plants in treatment of various ailments. The results obtained provide promising baseline information for using these medicinal plants for improving the health status of the population.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Antioxidants, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, FRAP, Iron., Medicinal plants}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.5.2}, author = {Ehouman Evans and Kon{\'e} Mamidou Witabouna and Tra Bi F{\'e}zan Honora and Bakayoko Adama} } @article {1525, title = {Pharmacognostic investigations of the aerial parts of Chenopodium foliosum Asch. and radical-scavenging activities of five flavonoids isolated from methanol extract of the plant}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {26th May 2014}, pages = {43-48}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Background: Chenopodium foliosum Asch. also known in Bulgarian folk medicine as \“garliche\” or \“svinski yagodi\” (swine\’s berries) has been used as a decoct of aerial parts for treatment of cancer, as antioxidant and immunostimulant. This study was undertaken to investigate its phytochemical, physicochemical and radicalscavenging activities of the aerial parts of the plant. Materials and Methods: Physico-chemical parameters: moisture content, foaming index, total ash, dichloromethane, alcohol and water soluble extractive, pleliminary phytochemical screening and TLC finger print profile were determined. Three new flavonol glycosides, 3-O-\ß;-gentiobiosides of 6-methoxykaempferol andg omphrenol and a new gomphrenol trioside as well as the known 3-O-\ß;-gentiobiosides of patuletin and spinacetin, previously isolated from the aerial parts of Chenopodium foliosum> AschResults: The results of physico-chemical parameters showed moisture content- 6.05\%, foaming index-250, total ash- 12.19\% and dichloromethane, alcohol and water soluble extractive respectively 2.52\%, 13.20\% and 12.01\%. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aerial parts of C. foliosum reveals the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins and alkaloids/ amines. Patuletine-3-O-gentiobioside showed the highest DPPH (95.03 \± 0.09) and ABTS (87.20 \± 0.13) activity, compared to Vit C. 6-Methoxykaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside showed significant ABTS (81.09 \± 0.06) activity, but DPPH activity was lacking. The other flavonoids showed low DPPH activity, but moderate ABTS activity compared with BHT. Conclusion: The results of this study could be useful for correct identification of the plant and further standardization. In addition this study suggesting that the decoction prepared from C. foliosum could be a potential source of nutraceuticals with radical-scavenging activity.

Key words:Chenopodium, phytochemical investigations, flavonoids, DPPH, ABTS.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Chenopodium, DPPH, Flavonoids, phytochemical investigations}, author = {Zlatina Kokanova-Nedialkova and Paraskev T. Nedialkov and Stefan D. Nikolov} }