@article {2531, title = {A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacological Potential of Dioscorea bulbifera and its Potential Hepatotoxicity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {520-530}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {520}, abstract = {

Dioscorea bulbifera, or the air potato has been studied and used in traditional medicine for centuries particularly in countries like China and India. It is loaded in different secondary metabolites such as steroidal saponins, flavonoids, diterpenoids, tannins, and carotenoids, which all play a major role in its pharmacological activities. Researchers have shown that it can be useful in the treatment of inflammation, microbial infections, oxidative stress, cancer, and liver diseases. even with these benefits there remains a shortage of clinical trials, toxicity assessment, and standardized extraction procedures to facilitate its application in herbal drug industry in a safe manner. One of the most striking features of Dioscorea bulbifera is its antimicrobial activity especially in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. also, studies done on anticancer activity are actively being conducted with some compounds being reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and suppress the growth of tumour. However, talking about its drawbacks some diterpenoid compounds such as diosbulbin A have been reported to show hepatotoxicity in humans and hence further studies are required to determine its safety for therapeutic purposes. The other significant challenge to developing this plant as a standard drug is its variability in chemical composition. The bioactive content is dependent on its cultivation, so it is quite a challenge to control for consistent potency. Sophisticated analytical methods such as HPLC and LC-MS could be utilized to overcome this and contemporary drug delivery systems like nano-formulations could enhance its absorption and bioavailability. Bringing together the ancient herbal knowledge and new scientific inquiry might reveal even greater therapeutic applications of the plant constituents. In the future the studies need to penetrate deeply into its safety, carry out extensive clinical trials, and explore sustainable mechanisms for massproducing its major compounds. With additional studies, Dioscorea bulbifera could become a prominent natural medicine, providing solutions for numerous health conditions while maintaining its traditional medicinal significance.

}, keywords = {air potato, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Bioactive compounds, Dioscorea bulbifera, Medicinal plants}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.65}, author = {Rudresh Adarkar and Chandrashekar K S and Vasudev Pai and Richard Lobo and Aswatharam H N and Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala and Ullas Prakash D{\textquoteright}Souza and Rajesh Kaverikana Shankara} } @article {2487, title = {Myricitrin-Mediated Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis, Characterization, and its Antioxidant, Anticancer, and DNA Cleavage Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {121-128}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {121}, abstract = {

Introduction: Myricitrin (MY) is a potent antioxidant flavonoid that has recently gained research interest due to its wide applications in food, cosmetics, and medicine. Objective: The current work reports MY, its isolation and characterization from Eugenia uniflora leaves, and green synthesis with AgNO3 to afford myricitrin-based silver nanoparticles (MY-Ag NPs). Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Antioxidant, anti-cancer, and DNA cleavage activities were based on standard in vitro bioassay methods. Results: The UV-vis absorption peak at 430 nm suggests the formation of silver-based NPs. The FESEM imaging showed spherical-to-cubical shaped MY-Ag NPs with an average size of 45.35 nm. The EDX analysis showed the presence of elemental Ag (89.40\%) and N (10.22\%), suggesting a successful synthesis. The XRD analysis revealed various peaks at 38.37$^{0}$, 43.56$^{0}$, 63.76$^{0}$, and 77.77$^{0}$, which suggest metallic silver reflections, further establishing the crystallinity of NPs. The MY-Ag NPs inhibited O2 -, OH-, H2O2, and NO free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. At 50 and 80 μg/mL, it demonstrated a better inhibitory effect on OH- radical than L-ascorbic acid. The cytotoxicity (IC50) against human cancer cell lines of the kidney (ACHN) and the liver (HepG2) were 54.21 {\textpm} 0.06 μg/mL and 33.36 {\textpm} 2.25 μg/mL respectively at 48 h post-treatment. Lastly, at 20 mg/mL for 120 minutes, MY-Ag NPs cleaved DNA, acting as chemical nucleases. This may suggest its capacity to impede cancer cells by cleaving the genome. Conclusion: Therefore, this study has shown that Myricitrinbased Ag NPs possess notable antioxidant and cytotoxicity that can be further exploited in the search for newer anticancer agents.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, DNA cleavage, Myricitrin, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.17}, author = {Pallab Kar and Ayodeji O. Oriola and Moganavelli Singh and Adebola O. Oyedeji} } @article {2479, title = {A Review: Searsia genus and Its Potential Anti-Cancer Properties}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {117-120}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {117}, abstract = {

The Searsia genus, belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, comprises small trees and evergreen shrubs primarily found in Southern Africa, with some species extending to East Africa and the Mediterranean. While these species are well-known for their ecological roles in stabilizing soils and providing habitat for wildlife, they also possess significant medicinal value, particularly in traditional African medicine. Searsia plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This has drawn scientific interest, especially regarding their potential in cancer treatment. Notably, Searsia chirindensis and other species have demonstrated cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines, attributed to compounds like gallic acid and other polyphenolics. This review delves into the phytochemical profiles of selected Searsia species, exploring their medicinal properties with a particular focus on their anticancer activities. The anti-inflammatory properties of these plants, coupled with their antioxidant activities, suggest a promising role in cancer prevention and treatment, although further research is necessary to confirm these benefits in clinical settings.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Phytochemistry, Searsia genus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.16}, author = {Dijeng Euginiah Rampana and Pakiso Moses Makhoahle} } @article {2529, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eugenia uniflora Extract and its Anticancer Potential}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {506-510}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {506}, abstract = {

Introduction: Green synthesized nanoparticles have continued to be an important bioresource, exhibiting targeted delivery to diseases{\textquoteright} active sites with considerable eco-friendliness and effectiveness. Objective: In this study, the medicinally useful Eugenia uniflora L. through green synthesis with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), was potentiated for its anticancer activity. Materials and Methods: The leaf aqueous extract of E. uniflora (EU) was biosynthesized with zinc acetate dihydrate precursor to develop EU-ZnONPs. Characterization was based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The anticancer potential of EU-ZnONPs was based on MTT-based cytotoxicity (CC50) against human cancerous (HepG2 and ACHN) cell lines. Results: The FESEM revealed spherical-to-cubical shaped EU-ZnONPs with 40 and 80 nm average size ranges. Further microscopic evaluation by HRTEM showed that the bulk of the nanoparticles (NPs) are spherical, ranging from 5{\textendash}30 nm in size. The UV-Vis absorption peak at 387 nm agreed with the characteristic 300-400 nm peak range of biogenic ZnONPs. The presence of Zn and O at elemental weight percentages of 73.55 and 23.05\% confirmed the successful green synthesis of the Eu-ZnONPs. At 48 h post-treatment, the cytotoxicity against HepG2 and ACHN cancer cell lines was concentration-dependent, with CC50 values of 54.21 {\textpm} 0.06 μg/mL and 33.36 {\textpm} 2.25 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: This study has shown that EUZnONPs possess notable cytotoxicity against HepG2 and ACHN cancer cells, thus suggesting E. uniflora extract-based ZnONPs as a promising anticancer bioresource.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Eugenia uniflora, Green synthesis, ZnO Nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.63}, author = {Pallab Kar and Ayodeji O. Oriola and Adebola O. Oyedeji} } @article {2438, title = {Visual Mapping and Future Direction of Marine Products Supplementary and Chemotherapy in The Treatment of Breast Cancer. A Bibliometric}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1379-1388}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1379}, abstract = {

Marine products have gained attention for their potential benefits in the treatment of breast cancer, offering an alternative or supplementary approach to traditional therapies. While they are not intended to replace established medical treatments like chemotherapy or surgery, marine natural products have shown promise in providing symptom relief, enhancing the quality of life, and potentially improving treatment success for breast cancer patients. Studies have explored the use of marine products in conjunction with chemotherapy for their palliative care benefits and as adjuvants to conventional therapies. Marinederived compounds have been investigated for their anticancer properties, including apoptosis induction, anti-proliferative effects, and modulation of signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. These natural products offer a complementary avenue for managing breast cancer, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes, and addressing therapeutic challenges. The utilization of marine products in breast cancer therapy dates back to ancient times when various cultures recognized the therapeutic benefits of plants, herbs, and marine resources. The purpose of this study is to visually map and guide future research on supplementary marine products and chemotherapy in breast cancer based on bibliometric analysis

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Bibliometric, Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Marine products, Visual mapping}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.222}, author = {Herin Setianingsih and Nasywa Zahra Sajida Tsuroyya and Prawesty Diah Utami and Riami and Nanang Wiyono} } @article {1969, title = {Anticancer and Neuroprotective Effects of the Triterpene Glycosides From Sea Cucumber Holothuria imitans}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {119-127}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {119}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sea cucumbers has gained notoriety because possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate the anticancer and neuroprotective effects of the triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria imitans. Methods: Triterpene glycosides were separated and purified by Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Their structures were deduced by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using normal African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (VERO) and three cancer cell lines: cancer gastric (MKN-28), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and lung carcinoma (A-549). Besides, the neuroprotective effect was studied using the Cath.a-differentiated (CAD) cell line and human glial (Oligodendrocytic) hybrid cell line (MO3.13). Results: Two triterpene glycosides (Fuscocineroside C and Scabraside D) were isolated, which showed low cytotoxic activity against VERO cell line, and high cytotoxic activity against lines MKN-28, MCF-7 and A-549 cells, with IC50 between the ranges of 0.92 μmol/L to 2.61 μmol/L. The isolated triterpene glycosides showed the ability to regain mitochondrial viability in CAD and MO3.13 cells treated with neurotoxin (C2-ceramide) with statistically significant results (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The triterpene glycosides Fuscocineroside C and Scabraside D isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria imitans show anticancer and neuroprotective potential and may be considered promising active principles for anticancer and neuroprotective drugs.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Holothuria imitans, Neuroprotective., Triterpene glycosides}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.16}, author = {Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltr{\'a}n and Bertha Mirella Alfaro-Ttito} } @article {1912, title = {In Silico Study of the Potential of Endemic Sumatra Wild Turmeric Rhizomes (Curcuma Sumatrana: Zingiberaceae) As Anti-Cancer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {806-812}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {806}, abstract = {

Cancer is one of the diseases that is the highest cause of death in humans. Most human cancer cells are formed as a result of over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Thus, the activation of these proteins can inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins, then apoptosis will be inhibited so that other apoptotic pathways need to be activated to prevent cancer cells from developing. Current cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy using synthetic compounds, have various side effects, so research on natural based therapies can be used as an alternative in cancer treatment. Curcuma sumatrana is one of the plants of the Zingiberaceae family which is an endemic plant from Sumatra which is found along the Bukit Barisan. The research was carried out in silico by analyzing the potential bioactivity of the compounds, testing the bioavailability, toxicity, and molecular docking of the bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of the rhizome of C. sumatrana which had been previously identified through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis. The results obtained that the compound 9-Acetyl-S-octahydrophenanthrene and 3-Oxoandrosta- 1,4-dien-17.beta.-spiro-2{\textquoteright}-3{\textquoteright}-oxo-oxetanecontained in C. sumatrana has the potential to be developed as an anticancer where the compound has good bioavailability value and is not toxic and potentially can trigger apoptosis. However, the results of this study need to be analyzed further with an in vitro or in vivo approach.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, C. sumatrana, in silico}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.171}, author = {Aldi Tamara Rahman and Rafia and Aiken Jethro and Putra Santoso and Viol Dhea Kharisma and Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo and Devi Purnamasari and Nunuk Hariani Soekamto and ANM Ansori and Kuswati and Riso Sari Mandeli and Kawther Ameen Muhammed Saeed Aledresi and Nur Farhana Mohd Yusof and Vikash Jakhmola and Maksim Rebezov and Maksim Rebezov and Rahadian Zainul and Kiran Dobhal and Tarun Parashar and Muhammad Arya Ghifari and Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari} } @article {1910, title = {Nano Transdermal Delivery Potential of Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. (Brown Algae) as Chemoprevention Agent for Breast Cancer Treatment}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {789-795}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {789}, abstract = {

Conventional chemotherapy substances are associated with mild to severe side effects that affect both healthy and cancer cells. It is presumed to improve therapeutic efficacy in coexistence reducing chemotherapy{\textquoteright}s side effects. Fucoidan is an anticancer bioactive compound derived from Sargassum sp. that has low cytotoxic activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of anticancer activities of fucoidan from Sargassum sp. against breast cancer then analyze the suitability of nano transdermal patch of fucoidan and blueprint the long-term research design of nano transdermal patch as a chemoprevention agent in the chemotherapeutic management of breast cancer. This research was performed through a literature study and in silico study by imposing carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) as a marker of hypoxia and metastatic state of cancer cells. The results showed that the fucoidan from Sargassum sp. effectively induced apoptosis and prevented metastasis of breast cancer cells through the Bcl-2, Bcl-w, and bad pathways. Fucoidan, in addition, was predicted to inhibit CA IX by Glu4 Glu5, Leu7, Pro8, and Asp6 residues. Therefore, the delivery of fucoidan is favored to have a local effect on the site of breast cancer cells by nano transdermal patch preparations using fucoidan nanoparticle polymer. Further nano transdermal patch development as a treatment for breast cancer is suggested through the stages of formulation optimization, optimum formula activity testing, patent filing, and distribution in health services.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Breast cancer, Fucoidan, Nano transdermal, Sargassum sp. .}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.169}, author = {Syeftyan Muhammad Ali Hamami and Michelle Fai and Ahmad Fariduddin Aththar and M Nizam Zulfi Zakaria and Viol Dhea Kharisma and Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo and Muhammad Badrut Tamam and Vikash Jakhmola and Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda and Dora Dayu Rahma Turista and Maksim Rebezov and Nikolai Maksimiuk and Nataliya Kulmakova and Evgeniya Latynina and ANM Ansori and Rahadian Zainul and Riso Sari Mandeli and Devi Purnamasari and Oski Illiandri and Khoirun Nisyak and Ernarisa Fitri} } @article {1629, title = {Anti-Cancer Potential of Nggorang Leaves Extract (Salvia Occidentalis SW.) as a Protein P53 Supressor in T47D Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {1036-1045}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1036}, abstract = {

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. The high incidence of breast cancer has led to the development of anticancer drugs that are more selective against cancer cells without damaging normal tissues. One of the alternatives in cancer treatment by looking for natural sources that can be developed, Nggorang leaves (Salvia occidentalis Sw.). This plant is found in Tenda Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency, NTT Province, when the leaves are harvested for one year and are used as medicine. As a preventive, this leaf has been used for generations as an anticancer (7 leaves boiled with 200 ml of water to 100 ml and then drunk), for wounded breast cancer (crushed leaves and attached to the wound); stamina enhancer, cough, influenza, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, nosebleeds (Primary data, 2014). This study aims to prove the potential of EDG (Nggorang Leaves Extract) as an antiproliferative against Hela cancer cells and protein P53 suppressor. The method used is the Quasy experiment, because this study uses laboratory tests in sample testing. The results of the cytotoxic test of Nggorang Leaves Extract have the potential to be anti-proliferative against cancer cells T47D IC50 at 201 ppm and Nggorang Leaves Extract (EDG) has the potential to increase p53 gene suppression in T47D cancer cells by 94.13\% at a concentration of 50 ppm.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Nggorang Leaves Extract (Salvia occidentalis Sw), Protein P53, T47D}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.134}, author = {Sisilia Teresia Rosmala Dewi and M Sabir and Sesilia Rante Pakadang and Sainal Edi Kamal and Santi Sinala} } @article {1700, title = {Cytotoxic Activities of Phytochemical Components from Ethanol Extract of Ajwa Date on Human Hepatoma Cancer Cells in Vitro}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1664-1672}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1664}, abstract = {

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that occurs and develops in the liver and is among the top frequent cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, clinical treatment options can control the HCC cancer, but, in some cases, it develops resistance to standard therapies and does not respond to these treatment options. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is used in traditional and alternative therapies for its various health benefits. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of Ajwa date ethanol extract (ADX) on hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Materials and Methods: The polyphenolic constituents of ADX were analysed using HPLC to identify the major polyphenols in the extract. The cell proliferation and viability percentages were examined through Trypan blue dye and MTT assay. Additionally, DNA fragmentation and mRNA expression level of apoptotic genes were applied to investigate the cell death mechanism. Results: The ADX induced significant cytotoxic effects against hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. It was reduced the viability and proliferation in HepG2 cells treated with ADX at various concentrations for different exposure times comparing to untreated cells. Furthermore, the microscopic investigation showed apparent changes in HepG2 treated cells and the results of DNA fragmentation showed an increase in the percentage of fragmented DNA. Moreover, the expression of p53 and Bax genes was up regulated, while Bcl-2 gene expression was down regulated, in HepG2 cells treated with ADX. Conclusion: The ADX may be a promising natural anticancer agent and can be developed as a new anticancer therapy tool.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Date extract, DNA fragmentation, HepG2 cells, MTT Assay.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.214}, author = {Faizah Ahmed AlMalki} } @article {1355, title = {Cytotoxicity Effect of the Pericarp Extracts of Garcinia forbesii King on MCF-7 Breast Cancer and HepG2 Liver Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {226-229}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {226}, abstract = {

Background: The species from the genus Garcinia has long been used as traditional medicine for cancer treatment. Objective: To analyze the phytochemical contents and assess the cytotoxic effects of pericarp extracts of Garcinia forbesii King against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical contents were analyzed using the thin-layer chromatography and the cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTT assay method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols. The cytotoxic activities of n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts on MCF-7 cells were shown with IC50 103.605{\textpm}2.3410 μg/ mL, 397.609{\textpm}28.0534 μg/mL and 1,518.301{\textpm}68.6379 μg/mL respectively, while the IC50 on HepG2 cells were 79.798{\textpm}1.2261 μg/mL, 83.230{\textpm}4.2557 μg/mL and 671.875{\textpm}94.3338 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts from pericarps of G. forbesii King have cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells, therefore, it has the potential to be developed as an anticancer.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Cytotoxic, Garcinia forbesii King., HepG2, MCF-7}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.32}, author = {Joharman and Hadi Poerwono and Sukardiman} } @article {1425, title = {Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {780-786}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {780}, abstract = {

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activity of secondary metabolite compounds from Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg) bark using n-hexane extract based on DPPH radical scavenging and microculture tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The chemical structural analysis using NMR, FTIR, and LC-MS spectroscopy confirmed and identified the structure of isolated compound namely (2E)-5(2z.4E)-hexa-2,4,-dio-zyl)-2propylcyclohexanol (C18H30O4) for the first time which is corresponding for the excellent antioxidant and anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines with the IC50 value of 99.76 and 10.75 ppm, respectively.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, Bark, n-hexane extract, Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.99}, author = {Binawati Ginting and Mustanir and Nurdin and Maulidna and Murniana and Safrina} } @article {1694, title = {Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Boehmeria Genus: An Update Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1533-1541}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1533}, abstract = {

Introduction: Boehmeria is a genus that has the potential to be natural medicine and also has benefit in industry. This genus consists of 82 plants that includes numerous species, subspecies, and varieties. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Boehmeria genus based on research studies. Methods: The reference articles have DOI and were obtained through database from such as Science Direct and PubMed website to ensure their validity and reliable contents. This literature study was made by using minimum 50 literatures from the last 10 years. Results: There are 16 species of Boehmeria genus confirmed to have chemical compounds, and 9 species of which reported to exhibit pharmacological activity in the form of extracts and single compound isolates. Conclusion: Based on this study, it was known that some Boehmeria species contained abundance of Boehmeriasin A, boehmeriasin B, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, (Z)-9,10,11-trihydroxy-12 octadecenoic acid, catechin, β-sitosterol, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, naringin and hesperidin. Boehmeria genus had various activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-hepatitis B.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Biological activities, Boehmeria, Boehmeriasin, Chemical compound}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.195}, author = {Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul and Muhamad Insanu and Irda Fidrianny} } @article {1324, title = {Tinospora Sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Stem Modulate The TNF-Alpha Expression In HCT- 116 Tumour Cell, Besides the Inhibitory Effect on Cervical, Colon and Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {8-16}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {8}, abstract = {

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate TNF-Alpha experession, anticancer and antitubercular properties for the stem extracts of Tinospora sinensis (TS). Objective: natural product research is widely used for identifying hit molecules for life threatening diseases including cancer, tuberculosis and drug resistant infections. Materials and Methods: There were three polarity dependant solvent extracts obtained through cold maceration process using ethanol (ELTS), ethyl acetate (EATS) and n-hexane (NHTS), respectively. The extracts were subjected to MTT assay for their anticancer potential against HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HCT116 (colon cancer) cell lines, and based on the results, NHTS was subjected to flow cytometry for TNF-Alpha expression in HCT-116 cells. The antitubercular activity for the extracts was performed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) by luciferase reporter phage (LPS) assay method. Results: The result of anticancer screening revealed that n-hexane extracts showed the significant inhibition (p\<0.05) on HCT-116 cells with the IC50 of 177.4 μg/ml, whereas EATS and ELTS were equally active on HeLa with the respective IC50 of 236 and 277 μg/ml. The NHTS was significantly effective on decreasing (P\<0.05) TNF-Alpha expression (31.27 MFU) in HCT-116 cells and is closely active with standard simvastatin (26.7 MFU) against the control (7.06 MFU). The antitubercular activity results revealed the equi-potency of both NHTS and EATS on Mtb with growth inhibition of 84 \% at 100μg/ml. The GC-MS analyses of NHTS confirmed the presence of Berberine, palmatine, tembertarine, magniflorine, choline and tinosporin. Conclusion: Overall, we scientifically support the traditional use Tinospora sinensis stem in the treatment of cancer and immune diseases.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antitubercular, HCT-116, Immunomodulatory, Tinospora sinensis, TNF-Alpha}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.2}, author = {Sreelakshmi Bada Venkatappa Gari and Ramalingam Peraman} } @article {1070, title = {Anticancer Activity of Ruellia britoniana Flower on Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {29-34}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {29}, abstract = {

Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks 4th in terms of the mortality rates and incidence of all cancers in women (GLOBOCAN 2018). In last decade, there is a significance progress in cancer therapy followed by an increase in the cost of cancer treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to have therapeutic innovations that are expected to reduce the cost of cervical cancer therapy. One therapeutic innovation that is currently being intensively carried out is herbal medicine. Some researchers have found that some plant extracts have anti-cancer properties that can be an alternative treatment for cancer, such as some plants with the genus Ruellia, such as Ruellia tuberosa and Ruellia squarrosa. However, research on the anticancer activity of the species of Ruellia brittoniana, especially the flowers, is still limited. Objective: Aim of this study is to examine anti-cervical cancer activity of R. brittoniana flower. Methods: R.brittoniana flowers were obtained from Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The flowers are extracted gradually with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. The extracts were evaluated for anticancer activity by MTT method. Results: IC50 values for ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract of R. brittoniana flowers are 116.55 ppm, 52.62 ppm, and 123.09 ppm, respectively, which indicating that ethanol extract has moderate anticancer activity, while ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of R. brittoniana\ flowers have weak anticancer activity. Conclusion: Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract of R.brittoniana flowers have a potential to become natural anti-cervical cancer.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Cervical HeLa cells, Ruellia brittoniana}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.6}, author = {Nadzila Anindya Tejaputri and Ade Arsianti and Fona Qorina and Qotrunnada Fithrotunnisa and Norma Nur Azizah and Rista Putrianingsih} } @article {1193, title = {Capsaicin Bioactive in Cabai (Capsicum Annum L.) as Anticancer Through Inhibition of over Ekspresi Protein Target RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) on Hepatocyt Cell Mice (mus musculus)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {911-915}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {911}, abstract = {

Capsaicin is a secondary metabolite of the Chilean plant. In the pharmaceutical field in addition to relieving pain or pain, capsaicin is also known to have anticancer activity because it inhibits certain oncogenic proteins. Screening of components in Capsicum Annum L. against the target proteins AKT1 and MAPK1 is needed as an initial stage of drug discovery. Further screening of Capsaicin compounds for oncogenic proteins produced in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis signaling. In silico data that have been obtained, Capsaicin in chili (Capsicum Annum L.) has a high affinity for MAPK1 and AKT1 receptor/protein targets with energy and potential activity score (Pa) 0.690 for preneoplastic treatment, 0.590 for apoptotic agonists, and 0.366 for antineoplastic activity. Statistical data using Kruskal Wallis obtained information that Capsaicin can inhibit the expression of AKT 1 and MAPK 1 on mice hepatocyte cells induced by AFB1 in vivo administration, therefore it can be a candidate for anticancer drugs.

}, keywords = {AKT1, Anticancer, Capsaicin, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MAPK1}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.129}, author = {Mohammad Sukmanadi and Sri Agus Sudjarwo and Mustofa Helmi Effendi and Pudji Srianto and Aulanni{\textquoteright}am and Rr Sri Pantja Madyawati and Mirni Lamid and Hani Plumeriastuti} } @article {1249, title = {The Effect of Carthamus tenuis Extracts on the Cell Proliferation of Different Tumor Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {September 2020}, pages = {1332-1339}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1332}, abstract = {

Background: Carthamus tenuis is one of the medicinal plants that was used traditionally to treat skin diseases, hemorrhoids, abortion, infertility. It also showed an immunosuppressive role as well as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity. Although this plant is widespread, there are few studies about its medical applications. Objectives: This study was done to explore the anticancer activity of this plant. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of the plant were dried, grinded and extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The extracts were applied in different concentrations to cell cultures of breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), prostate (PC-3) and colorectal (CaCo-2) cell lines and fibroblast (MRC- 5) was used as a control. The anticancer activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay that was measured by spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed that methanol extract significantly (p\<0.05) have the highest inhibitory activity on MCF-7, HT-29, PC-3, and CaCo-2 with IC50; (25.52 μg/ml), (17.37 μg/ml), (25.77 μg/ml), (24.49 μg/ml), respectively. Followed by ethyl acetate extract that moderately inhibit cell growth of PC-3 and CaCo-2 with IC50; (28.99 μg/ml) and (21.45 μg/ml), respectively. n-hexane extract showed no significant inhibitory effect on all cell lines; IC50 (125.52 -152.34 μg/ml) when compared to Tamoxifen drug activity as a positive control. Conclusion: Results of this study showed the anticancer activity of the plant extracts in four different kinds of cancers that need further study.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Carthamus tenuis, IC50, Methanolic extract, MTT}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.183}, author = {Maissa{\textquoteright} Taleb Shawagfeh} } @article {1296, title = {In silico Anticancer Activity and in vitro Antioxidant of Flavonoids in Plectranthus amboinicus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1573-1577}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1573}, abstract = {

Background: Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng is a plant that has a high flavonoid content. The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng contain many flavonoids Chrysoeriol, Cirsimaritin, Eriodictyol, Luteolin, Rutin, Salvigenin, Thymoquinone, Quercetin, Apigenin, and 5-O-Methyl-Luteolin. Objectives: To determine the antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of flavonoid compounds contained in Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Methods: Anticancer activity testing was carried out by in silico against several cancer receptors and antioxidant activity testing was carried out by in vitro using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhydrazil method. The results showed that the flavonoid compounds contained in Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng have similar anticancer activity to the reference molecule at the P-Glycoprotein-1, Cyclin Dependent Kinase-2, and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase receptors, as well as better anticancer activity than the reference molecule for the Cyclooxygenase-2 and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase receptors. Results: The antioxidant activity of the extract gave an Inhibitory Concentration 50\% value of 9.77 μg/mL, the flavonoid compounds contained in Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng gave an Inhibitory Concentration 50\% value that lower than the extract, which ranged from 6.92 μg/mL to 8.50 μg/mL. Flavonoids in Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng anticancer activity by in silico molecular docking and antioxidant activity by in vitro 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhydrazil method. Conclusions: All the flavonoid compounds contained in the ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves exhibit very strong anti-cancer and antioxidant activity, which results in ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves have very strong antioxidant activity.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, Flavonoid, in silico, in vitro}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.215}, author = {Kesaktian Manurung and Delmi Sulastri and Nasrul Zubir and Syafruddin Ilyas} } @article {1194, title = {Molecular Mechanism of Capsaicin from (Capsicum Annuum L.) on Expression of MAPK1 and AKT1 Protein as Candidate of Anticancer Drugs: In silico Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {916-919}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {916}, abstract = {

One of the most important compounds in Capsicum annuum L. is capsaicin, capsaicin is a secondary metabolite of the Capsicum Annuum L. plant. In the pharmaceutical field in addition to relieving pain or pain, capsaicin is also known to have anticancer activity because it inhibits certain oncogenic proteins. Further screening of the capsaicin compound against the oncogenic protein produced in the HCC pathogenesis signaling is needed. Screening components in Capsicum annuum L. against MAPK1 and AKT1 target proteins is the initial stage of drug discovery. MAPK1 and AKT1 protein bundles and capsaicin ligand bundles that were prepared previously in Autodock 4.0 were molecular dockings (molecular docking). After molecular docking, it was found that capsaicin binds to MAPK1 / ERK with the free energy of Gibbs of -5.5 Kcal/mol and AKT1 of -6.7 Kcal/mol. The free energy of Gibbs is so negative that it is ensured that the reaction will take place spontaneously and lead to high affinity. The data that has been obtained, capsaicin in Capsicum annuum L. has a high affinity for MAPK1 and AKT1 receptor/protein targets with the binding energy of -5.5 Kcal/mol and -6.7 Kcal/ mol and Potential Activity Score (Pa ) equal to 0,690 for preneoplastic treatment, 0.590 for apoptosis agonist, and 0.366 for antineoplastic activity and accordingly become candidates for anticancer drugs.

}, keywords = {AKT1, Anticancer, Capsaicin, Capsicum annuum L., MAPK1}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.130}, author = {Mohammad Sukmanadi and Sri Agus Sudjarwo and Mustofa Helmi Effendi} } @article {910, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Attributes of Paris polyphylla Smith from Sikkim Himalaya}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {705-711}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {705}, abstract = {

Introduction: Paris polyphylla Smith is a high value medicinal plant available in Sikkim Himalaya which is well known in local traditional medicine system. Scientific study to ascertain its claimed biological activity is lacking. The objective of this work was to determine the antioxidant and anticancer activity of Paris polyphylla rhizomes. Methods: Phytochemical analysis were carried out by standard methods. Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was carried out by DPPH, ABTS, OH-radical and Fe2+chelating activity assays. Cytotoxicity of the extract was determined by MTT assay on three cancer cell lines: HeLa, HepG2 and PC3. Results: Of the P. polyphylla from two altitudinal zones, P. polyphylla from Tholung (PPT), the one from the higher altitude showed higher total phenolic contents in methanolic extracts of rhizomes as compraed to that from the lower altitude i.e., P. polyphylla from Uttaray (PPU). PPT also showed a higher content of total falvonoid and total flavonols. Both types of plant were excellent scavenger of DPPH and ABTS radical and Fe2+ chelator. A trend of a relatively greater antioxidant activity of PPT was established through these assay methods. In MTT assay, both the extract showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of HeLa cell growth after 72 hrs of treatment, while the extract had a moderately positive effect on the inhibition of PC3 and HepG2 cells growth. Conclusion: The study suggested a strong antioxidant activity and appreciable cytotoxic activity of P. polyphylla from Sikkim Himalaya. Of the two varieties, PPT was more pronounced in both type of activities.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Paris polyphylla, Phytochemicals, Sikkim Himalaya}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.112}, author = {Dawa Lhendup Lepcha and Abhijit Chhetri and Dhani Raj Chhetri} } @article {463, title = {Chuquiraga spinosa Lessing: A Medicinal Plant for Gastric Cancer Induced By N-Methyl-N-Nitroso-Urea (NMU)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {20-24}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent diseases in human population: Many plants from Peruvian flora is used to treat cancer as alternative treatment. Chuquiraga spinosa Lessing (ChS) is a species with high potential therapeutic due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect as well as protective against prostate cancer. Objective: The main objective was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on NMU (N-methyl-N nitrosourea)-induced gastric cancer in rats. Methods: Gastric carcinogenesis was induced in 30 male Holtzman rats by providing NMU 50 \μg/Kg by oral administration for 16 weeks. Ethanolic extract of ChS aerial parts was administered at doses 50, 250 and 500 mg/Kg per oral. The protective effect was determined through weight controls, biochemical and hematological parameters; the antioxidant capacity by superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-inflammatory capacity by the level of C-reactive protein (CRP). The tumors were monitored by using histological examinations. Results: Oral administration of Chuquiraga spinosa extract significantly decreased superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein levels (p\<0,01, p\<0,01, p\<0,01 and p\<0,01 respectively compared with Inductor group). There was a significant increase in the weights of animals (P\<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of Chuquiraga spinosa extract, we conclude that it has a protective effect on NMU induced gastric cancer in rats.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Chuquiraga spinosa, NMU}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.4}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/359}, author = {Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo and Oscar Herrera-Calderon and Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas and Victor Chumpitaz-Cerrate and C{\'e}sar Franco-Quino and Ren{\'a}n Ha{\~n}ari-Quispe} } @article {458, title = {A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Alpinia galanga}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {09-15}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {9}, abstract = {

Introduction: From the ancient Vedic era, green plants are being used for their medicinal properties to treat several diseases. Green plants represent a big source of bioactive compounds. Alpinia galanga (Linn.) of Zingiberaceae family is one amongst those medicinally important plants. Different parts of the plant are used in the treatment of many diseases for its anti-fungal, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antiulcer and many other properties. Several active compounds such as 1\’S-1\’-acetoxychavicol acetate, 1\’S-1\’-acetoxyeuginol acetate, 1, 8-cineol, \α-fenchyl acetate, \β-farnesene, \β-bisabolene, \α-bergamotene, \β-pinene, \β-Sitosteroldiglucoside (AG-7), \β-sitsterylArabinoside (AG-8), 1\’-acetoxychavicol acetate (galangal acetate), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde has been extracted from the plant. Methods: Relevant information was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via electronic search using Medline, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Results: This review provides a comprehensive report on Alpinia galanga having anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti angiogenic as well as cytotoxic efficacy and their mode of action in vitro as well as in vivo condition. Conclusion: Considering the ability of the golden treasure present in Alpinia galanga, this review is aimed to summarize the information of the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of the plant.

}, keywords = {1{\textquoteright}s{\textquoteright}-1{\textquoteright}- Acetoxychavicolacetate, Alpinia galanga, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Bioactivity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.2}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/357$\#$ref28}, author = {Anirban Chouni and Santanu Paul} } @article {187, title = {Bioactive Fraction from Datura stramonium Linn. Promotes Human immune Cells Mediated Cytotoxicity towards Lung and Breast Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {435-439}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {435}, abstract = {

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate immune modulatory effect of fractions of D. stramonium L. leaves on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) followed by assessment of cytotoxic abilities of immunomodulated PBMC toward cancer cells. Material and methods: Bioassay (PBMC proliferation) guided fractionation of methanolic leaf extract of D. stramonium was performed to get active fraction and LC-MS was performed to identify the phytocompounds present in the bioactive fraction. The immunomodulatory potential of D. stramonium active fraction was assessed by i) MTT microcytotoxicity assay using A549 (lung carcinomas) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines and ii) analyzing the production of IL-2 and IFN-\γ by human PBMC in the presence of active fraction. Results: Chromatographic fractionation guided by PBMC proliferation assay of D. stramonium extract resulted in bioactive fraction (fraction-10) exhibiting significant immunostimulatory activity [EC50=19.1\±1.5 (\μg/ml)] on human blood lymphocytes. Fraction-10 pretreated PBMC displayed enhanced cytotoxicity towards A549 and MCF-7 (59\%\±2.1\% and 62\%\±2.3\% at 1:20 effector:target ratio respectively). Moreover, fraction-10 also enhanced the secretion of IL-2 (8 fold) and IFN-\γ (10 fold) by human PBMC. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of fraction-10 from D. stramonium showed the presence of terpenoids and steroids. LC-MS analysis depicted presence of four major phytoconstituents in fraction-10 as daturaolone, daturadiol, stigmasterol and sitosterol with corresponding mass spectrum (m/z) of 440, 442, 412 and 414 respectively. Conclusion: The present report concluded that active fraction-10 of D. stramonium possesses potential immunostimulators that are capable of enhancing anticancer responses of human blood lymphocytes.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Cytokine, Cytotoxic, Datura stramonium., Immunomodulation, PBMC}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.4}, author = {Aditi Gupta and Sunil Kumar and Neeraj Mahindroo and Reena Vohra Saini} } @article {140, title = {Evaluation of antioxidant effect and anticancer activity against human glioblastoma (U373MG) cell lines of Murraya Koenigii}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {220-225}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {220}, abstract = {

Aim: The main aim of the study was to screen the ethanolic (EEMK) and methanolic (MEMK) extracts of Murraya koenigii (MK) leaves and their alkaloid fractions (EFMK and MFMK) for their in vitro anti-oxidant and anticancer activity against U373MG cell lines. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions was determined by DPPH Radical assay, Reducing power assay, Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, Superoxide radical scavenging assay and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic effect of MK extracts and fractions was evaluated by performing Sulphorhoda\­mine B (SRB) assay and Flow cytometry analysis on U373MG cell lines. Results: Extracts and fractions of MK were found to possess significant antioxidant activity. In SRB colorimetric assay, the efficacy of MK against U373MG cell line was observed due to reduced viability of U373MG cells. Dose dependent significant increase in the percentage of dead cells was also observed. MEMK exhibited significant cytotoxicity than EEMK where\­as EFMK and MFMK were not found to be significantly cytotoxic against U373MG cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the effective extract MEMK induces cell death in human glioblastoma cells through apoptotic mode of action. Conclusion: The observed anticancer activity of Murraya koenigii may be due to its antioxidant potential.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, Flow cytometry.., Glioblastoma, Murraya Koenigii, SRB assay}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.7}, author = {Mrinal Sanaye and Nimisha Pagare} } @article {137, title = {Updates on Traditional Medicinal Plants for Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Pharmaceutical Journals}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {203-214}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {203}, abstract = {

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide problem primarily caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection. End stage liver cancer treatment options are limited thus requiring expensive liver transplantation which is not available in many countries. Methods: Several herbal compounds and herbal composite formulas have been studied through in-vitro and in vivo as an anti-HCC agent, enhancing our knowledge about their biological functions and targets. In this article, arecent update on the herbal medicine has been provided with reference to liver cancer. Results: For the sake of clarity, the effective herbal compounds, clinical studies of herbal composite formula, cell culture, and animal model studies safety are discussed. The effects of many herbal active compounds of Annona atemoya, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhaviadiffusa, Piper longum, Podophyllum hexandrum, Phyllanthus amarus, and Terminalia chebula, and herbal composite formula on autophagy, apoptosis, antioxidant, and inflammation characteristicshave been provided. Conclusion: This will enhance our understanding\ on the prevention and treatment of HCC by herbal active compounds\ and herbal composite formulas.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Herbs, Liver cancer, Medicine, Treatment.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.5}, author = {Shilu Mathew and Muhammad Faheem and Mohd Suhail and Kaneez Fatima and Govindaraju Archunan and Nargis Begum and Muhammad Ilyas and Esam Azhar and Ghazi Abdullah Damanhouri and Ishtiaq Qadri} } @article {1541, title = {Evaluation of anti-cancer potential of aqueous extract of Pandanus odoratissimus (Y.Kimura) Hatus. forma ferreus, by in vivo ascitic tumor model in swiss albino mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {57-62}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Background: India is a rich source of medicinal plants and number of plant extracts are used against diseases in various systems of medicine such as ayurveda, unani and siddha where only a few of them were scientifically explored. Objective: The objective of the present study was undertaken to perform dose dependent anti-cancer effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. odoratissimus roots and leaves whose scientific documentation for anti-tumor agent is lacking despite using traditionally. Materials and Methods: The anti-cancer activity of methanolic extract of P. odoratissimus (MEPO) and aqueous extract of P. odoratissimus (AEPO) were tested against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced liquid tumors in swiss albino mice. The degree of protection was determined by change in body weight (gm), tumour volume (ml), packed cell volume (ml), cell viability (\%), hematological parameters (R.B.C, W.B.C and hemoglobin content), mean survival time (MST), \% increase in lifespan (\% ILS) and histopathological observation of part of peritoneal layer. Results: The treatment with AEPO 400 mg/kg, p.o. in EAC treated mice reduced tumor volume, packed cell volume, body weight, cell viability and improved all hematological parameters, mean survival time and life span. Histopathological changes showed degenerative changes of tumor cells in peritoneal layer. The anti-cancer effects of AEPO 400 mg/kg, p.o. are equally more with that of the standard drug cisplatin. Conclusion: The results suggested that aqueous extract of roots and leaves of P. odoratissimus possess in vivo anti-cancer activity comparable to cisplatin and this study scientifically validated the traditional use of this plant.

Key words: Anticancer, Pandanus odoratissimus, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Pandanus odoratissimus}, author = {Gunti Gowtham Raja, and Hyma Sara Varghese, and Sarita Kotagiri, and Vrushabendra Swamy B.M} }