@article {1772, title = {Determination Antioxidant Activity of Coffea Arabica, Coffea Canephora, Coffea Liberica and Sunscreens Cream Formulation for Sun Protection Factor (SPF)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {335-342}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {335}, abstract = {

Coffee is a highly consumed and popular beverage consumed in many countries. Its ingredients have a powerful antioxidant capacity and have the potential as sunscreen to protect the skin. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of Arabica, robusta and liberica coffee extracts and the SPF activity of the coffee extract cream formulation. Coffee were macerated with three types of solvents with polarity gradients. The fraction of each coffee was analyzed for antioxidant activity using DPPH and formulated into the cream. Furthermore, the cream was analyzed for its SPF activity. The results of this study indicated that the methanol fraction of Robusta and Arabica coffee has the best antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 8.98 (ppm) and 13.13, respectively. Meanwhile, Liberica coffee has the best antioxidant in the ethyl acetate fraction, IC50 = 10.90 (ppm). In addition, the best SPF values for Robusta, Liberica and Arabica coffees were found in F3 cream with the category of Very Good Protection; 36.087 {\textpm} 0.0005; 35.007 {\textpm} 0.0005; 36,867 {\textpm} 0.0005 respectively.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Coffee, Cream, SPF}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.43}, author = {Madyawati Latief and Muhaimin and Heriyanti and Indra Lasmana Tarigan and Sutrisno} } @article {566, title = {Accumulation of Potential Photo-Protective Compound Groups in Mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler.) Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {576-580}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {576}, abstract = {

Objective: To analyze the accumulation of potential photo-protective compound groups, include phenol, flavonoid, and tannin in the leaf tissues of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler. Methods: The research used Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler leaves as materials. The total of compound groups and photo-protective ability level of each tissue was measured using spectrophotometry, while detection of compound group accumulations in the leaf tissue were observed using histochemical assay. Results: Epidermis extract contained the highest content of total phenolic compounds (phenol, flavonoid, and tannin), followed by those of mesophyll and whole leaf. Moreover, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of epidermis was also higher than those of mesophyll and whole leaf, considering that there were no significant difference of SPF value between mesophyll and whole leaf. Result of histochemical assay of S. caseolaris fresh leaf sections showed that phenol, flavonoid, and tannin were highly accumulated in the epidermis and some parts of mesophyll. Conclusion: Potential photo-protective compound groups of S. caseolaris leaves were accumulated in epidermis and mesophyll. However, epidermis showed the highest level of potential photo-protective compound groups than those of other tissues. Photo-protective ability of epidermis also showed higher value than those of mesophyll.

}, keywords = {Leaf anatomy, Photo-protective, Secondary metabolite, Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler, SPF}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.94}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/527}, author = {Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah and Tri Rini Nuringtyas and Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho} } @article {541, title = {Accumulation of Potential Photo-Protective Compound Groups in Mangrove (Sonneratia caseolaris (l.) Engler.) Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {x}, pages = {XX-XX}, type = {x}, chapter = {x}, abstract = {

Objective: To analyze the accumulation of potential photo-protective compound groups, include phenol, flavonoid, and tannin in the leaf tissues of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler. Methods: The research used Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler leaves as materials. The total of compound groups and photo-protective ability level of each tissue was measured using spectrophotometry, while detection of compound group accumulations in the leaf tissue were observed using histochemical assay. Results: Epidermis extract contained the highest content of total phenolic compounds (phenol, flavonoid, and tannin), followed by those of mesophyll and whole leaf. Moreover, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of epidermis was also higher than those of mesophyll and whole leaf, considering that there were no significant difference of SPF value between mesophyll and whole leaf. Result of histochemical assay of S. caseolaris fresh leaf sections showed that phenol, flavonoid, and tannin were highly accumulated in the epidermis and some parts of mesophyll. Conclusion: Potential photo-protective compound groups of S. caseolaris leaves were accumulated in epidermis and mesophyll. However, epidermis showed the highest level of potential photo-protective compound groups than those of other tissues. Photo-protective ability of epidermis also showed higher value than those of mesophyll.

Key words: Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler, Secondary metabolite, Photo-protective, SPF, Leaf anatomy.

}, keywords = {Leaf anatomy., Photo-protective, Secondary metabolite, Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler, SPF}, doi = {10.5530/jppcm.2018.2s.xx}, author = {Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah and Tri Rini Nuringtyas and Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho} } @article {144, title = {Sunscreens: A review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journals}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {171-179}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {171}, abstract = {

Sunlight despite of source of life and energy creating major health challenges like sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, dermatitis, urticaria, ageing, immune-suppression and number of skin cancers too. Sun protective clothes and or sunglasses provide insufficient and less convenient approach to get rid of all these health hazards. So sunscreen protection is popular mean among various regions of world. Present article have summarize types and classification, regulations, terminologies, evaluation methods, labeling, dosage and controversies of sunscreens. Natural chemical classes like phenolics (tannins, flavonoids), carotenoids, vitamins, oils are also discussed.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant., COLIPA, IPD, ISO, Polyphenols, PPD, SPF, UV rays}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.1}, author = {Mukund Manikrao Donglikar and Sharada Laxman Deore} }