@article {2110, title = {Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Color Change of Root dentin using Punica granatum (pomegranate extract), Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine and Normal saline as an Endodontic irrigant {\textendash} An in vitro study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {732-737}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {732}, abstract = {

Aim: To evaluate the microhardness and change in color of root dentin using Punica granatum, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and normal saline as an endodontic irrigant and to implement their use in field of dentistry. Materials and Methods: 60 single rooted anterior teeth extracted due to periodontal and orthodontic reasons were collected. All the samples were decoronated to achieve constant length of 14mm. Patency of root canal was established using 10k file and working length was determined 1mm short of the file length. Each canal was prepared till F3 protaper. After preparation the samples were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1: Saline (Control); Group 2: 5\% Sodium Hypochlorite; Group 3: 2\% Chlorhexidine; Group 4: 5\% Punica granatum (pomegranate peel extract). After grouping the samples were longitudinally sectioned. One half of the tooth sample was used for microhardness testing using Vickers microhardness indentor and the other half of sample was used for color change evaluation using spectrophotometer after irrigation with the test solutions on day 1 and day 7th post irrigation. Results: The mean microhardness in all four groups decreased comparatively at post as compared to pre and the decrease was evident highest in sodium hypochlorite followed by chlorhexidine, pomegranate and saline the least. In regard to color change sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and pomegranate all showed visible color changes after 7 day of irrigation with pomegranate showing the highest color change. Higher lightness was shown in Group 2 i.e., sodium hypochlorite whereas redness was seen more in Group 4 i.e., pomegranate and yellowish tint was more visible in Group 3. Conclusion: 5\% Punica granatum has showed negligible effect on microhardness of dentin but showed maximum color change when compared to chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and saline.

}, keywords = {Chlorhexidine., Color change, Endodontic irrigant, Herbal, Microhardness, Punica granatum (pomegranate peel extract), UVVIS spectrophotometer}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.144}, author = {Ankita singh and Sunil Tejaswi and Kenganora Mruthunjaya and Suneeth Shetty and Ambikathanaya U.K and Sachin B. Manglekar} } @article {2167, title = {The Effect of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on Microhardness of Eroded Primary Enamel Teeth Induced by Ironplus Syrup: An In Vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1091-1097}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1091}, abstract = {

Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the erosive adverse effect of paediatric Ironplus syrup and the remineralization effectualness of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on microhardness of primary teeth. Materials and method: Forty primary anterior teeth were randomly distributed into five groups, each group has eight samples (N=8) assigned as: group1: control negative, group2: control positive, group3: 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish, group4: Zamzam water and group5: Zamzam water and 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish. Excluding the control negative group from them, all samples were immersed in 100ml of Ironplus syrup and agitated for 2 min once a day for 14 days. Then those groups were treated with remineralizing agents of: 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish for 24 hours, Zamzam water for 30 min every 12 h for 12 days and the combination therapy initiated by Zamzam water then after 30 min, 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish was applied for 24hrs. Vickers Microhardness test and Polarized Light Microscope were two adopted tests that this study dependent upon. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in microhardness mean values when making a comparison between the baseline and Ironplus tested groups, furthermore ANOVA and Duncan{\textquoteright}s Multiple Range test showed that there was a highly significant statistical difference in microhardness mean values among baseline, demineralization and remineralization groups at P-Value <= 0.01. Conclusion: The surface microhardness of the primary enamel was reduced owing to the potential erosive efficacy of the used paediatric pharmaceutical preparations. On the other extreme, the previous readings had increased after being treated with remineralizing agents meaning that they have the capacity to battle against erosive potential reaching its highest capability in terms of reminerlization with the combination treatment group.

}, keywords = {Erosion, Ironplus Syrup, Microhardness, Polarized Light Microscope, ProShieldR Varnish, Zamzam water}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.199}, author = {Isra{\textquoteright}a JA. Altaee and Aisha A. Qasim} }