@article {2560,
	title = {The Effectiveness of Beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus) Protein Intake and Physical Activity on Muscle Mass Growth},
	journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2025},
	month = {December 2025},
	pages = {714-717},
	type = {Original Article},
	chapter = {714},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Malnutrition cases have increased every year. One of the causes is insufficient food intake, marked by a decrease in muscle mass. Preventing malnutrition can be done by increasing muscle mass through providing daily protein intake according to needs and engaging in physical activity. The fish species Trichiurus lepturus is a high-protein source from the sea. The protein content in this fish can help promote muscle mass growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of protein intake from Trichiurus lepturus combined with physical activity on increasing muscle mass. The research method is experimental, using test animals (Rattus norvegicus) given protein intake and physical activity for 28 days. The animals were divided into six groups: three control groups and three treatment groups receiving different protein levels. Muscle growth was assessed by observing the enlargement of the cruris muscle using HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining under a 4x microscope magnification. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with an Bonferroni test. The results showed a significant difference between all groups (p=0.000). The treatment groups receiving protein intake and physical activity had larger muscle sizes compared to the control groups (P<=0.05). The conclusion is that protein intake accompanied by physical activity causes changes in muscle mass. Additionally, the amount of protein intake is directly proportional to the increase in muscle size.</p>
},
	keywords = {Malnutrition, Muscle Mass, Physical Activity, Protein Intake, Trichiurus lepturus},
	doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.89},
	author = {Rivan Virlando Suryadinata and Gabriel Tirtawijaya and Sawitri Boengas and Priscilla Keshia Jayasaputri and Henriette Milda Latuputty and Nisa Kirania Dianti Mulyadi and Nawal Fajril Haya}
}
@article {2435,
	title = {Analysis of the Impact of Muscle Mass Changes in Stroke Patients},
	journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2024},
	month = {December 2024},
	pages = {1359-1364},
	type = {Research Article},
	chapter = {1359},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Stroke has become an increasingly prevalent health issue every year. Malnutrition is one of the complications that arise in post-stroke patients. Reduced physical activity, intake disturbances, and comorbidities experienced by stroke patients can trigger malnutrition. Additionally, factors such as age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and stroke type accelerate the onset of malnutrition. One of the signs of malnutrition in stroke patients is a change in body composition, characterized by muscle mass loss due to inflammatory responses and catabolic reactions, which lead to increased caloric needs in stroke patients. This study aims to investigate the changes in muscle mass in stroke patients at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. This is an observational study with a cross sectional design conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from November 2023 to April 2024. The sample size was 49 patients diagnosed with stroke, receiving medical care on the first day at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. This study evaluates factors such as age, sex, stroke type, BMI, smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, kidney disorders, and respiratory diseases, in relation to changes in fat-free mass, fat mass, visceral fat, and phase angle, to assess the correlation with muscle mass changes. Data analysis will be approached using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that various risk factors affect body composition changes, contributing to muscle mass changes by up to 84.1\%. In conclusion, the decline in muscle mass in stroke patients is influenced by various factors, in addition to reductions in visceral fat and phase angle, which indicate a tendency toward malnutrition risk.</p>
},
	keywords = {Body Composition, Dr. Kariadi, Muscle Mass, Stroke},
	doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.219},
	author = {Rivan Virlando Suryadinata and Hertanto Wahyu Subagio and Khairuddin and Darmonoss and Febe Christianto}
}
