@article {698, title = {Analysis of bioactive constituents of n-hexane and methanol fractions of Vernonia calvoana Extracts using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {854-858}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {854}, abstract = {

Aim: Bioactive constituents of n-hexane and methanol fractions of Vernonia calvoana (VC) leaves were evaluated using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. Method: The leaves were harvested, cleaned and air dried for 7 days. They were ground to yield 5kg weight powder which was macerated and extracted in 8000 mL of 80\% ethanol for 48 hours, yielding 310.3g (6.2\%) of crude extract after evaporation of the solvent. The paste (251.8g) was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel (mesh 60 \– 120\μm) and eluted with 1.5L of n-hexane and methanol respectively. The fractions were analyzed for bioactive constituents using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (30m x 0.25mm ID x 0.25\μm film thickness). Result: The results of GC-MS analysis showed the presences of twelve compounds with phytol (46.67\%), 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (33.40\%), octadecanoic acid (11.25\%), pentadecane carboxylic acid (10.69\%), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrien-1-ol (8.12\%) and ethyl palmitate (7.68\%) in the n-hexane fraction, while methanol fraction was observed to have 14 compounds with oleic acid (33.40\%), hexadecanoic acid (12.49\%), 2-butanone (14.32\%), palmitadehyde (8.36\%), 11-octadecenoic acid (5.56\%), Z-4-nonadecen-1-ol-acetate (5.36\%) and limonene Oxide (4.37\%) as well as other compounds in trace concentrations. Conclusion: it may be concluded from the results that, extracts of Vernonia calvoana contain various bioactive components that may be exploited as a good source of new drug for pharmaceutical industries.

}, keywords = {Bioactive constituents, Methanol, n-hexane, Vernonia calvoana}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.144}, author = {Iwara A. Iwara and Godwin O. Igile and Friday E. Uboh and Mbeh U. Eteng and Patrick .E. Ebong} } @article {746, title = {In vitro Cytotoxicity Study on U87 Cells Using Root Extracts of Plumbago Species and GC-MS Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s71-s76}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s71}, abstract = {

Plumbago is a genus of medicinal plants that are used in recent years to induce significant levels of apoptosis in various cancer cells. Purpose: The test substances that are obtained from Plumbago species are studied for their cytotoxicity against U87 cell line in a dose dependent manner and were first subjected to GC-MS study to know the bioactive constituents present in them. Methods: GC-MS was done using ethanol extracts of the roots of both the species. In vitro cytotoxicity of the roots of two species of Plumbago \–P. zeylanica (sample I) and P.\ auriculata (sample II) were tested against U87 cell line. Test samples were taken at concentrations ranging from 400\μg/ml to 3.12\μg/ml to determine the percentage growth inhibition of both the test substances on U87 cell line. Results: GC-MS analysis on root extracts of P.zeylanica showed the presence of 27 phytochemical constituents and P.auriculata 16 in number .The test substances, Sample I and Sample II exhibited a cytotoxic CTC50 value of 88.07\±4.4 and 23.11\±0.9 respectively. Conclusion: P.\ zeylanica is more effective than P.\ auriculata in terms of its cytotoxicity as well in the number of useful bioactive compounds.

}, keywords = {Bioactive constituents, Cytotoxicity, GC-MS, U87 cell line}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.14}, author = {Sandhya Panicker and Veluthat Kolangara Haridasan} } @article {193, title = {Callus Induction and Elicitation of Total Phenolics in Callus Cell Suspension Culture of Celastrus paniculatus {\textendash} willd, an Endangered Medicinal Plant in India}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {471-475}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {471}, abstract = {

Celastrus paniculatus - Willd belonging to the family Celastraceae is a vulnerable medicinal plant in India. It has been employed as a stimulant, nervine tonic, rejuvenant, sedative, tranquilizer and diuretic. It is also used in the treatment of leprosy, leucoderma, rheumatism, gout, paralysis and asthma. Because of its high pharmaceutical application, this plant species were over exploited and now considered under threatened species. So the highlight of the present investigation is the induction of callus by using different concentration of various phytohormones such as 2, 4-D (0.5 - 3.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 - 2.5 mg/l). In order to ensure the presence of the bioactive compounds preliminary phytochemical screening of the various extracts of callus were performed. Finally elicitation of total phenolics were done in callus cell suspension cultures by using elicitors such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and copper sulphate. Among the applied elicitors jasmonic acid showed superiority. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the elicitation of secondary metabolites especially total phenolics from callus cell suspension cultures of Celastrus Paniculatus.

}, keywords = {Bioactive constituents, Callogenesis, Celastrus paniculatus, Elicitors, Total phenolics.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.10}, author = {Anusha T S and Joseph M V and Elyas K K} }