@article {2088, title = {HPLC Isolation of Rutin, Hesperidin and Quercetin from Ruta Chalepensis Extract Growing in Iraq}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {606-611}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {606}, abstract = {

Background: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ruta chalepensis L For years, various portions of this plant have been utilized in traditional medicine to treat a number of illnesses, including nervous disorders, rheumatism, menstrual issues, fever, convulsions, mental disorders, dropsy, and neuralgia. Objection: In this study, we aim to characterize three flavonoids extracted from Ruta chalepensis L.\ Material and Methods: In this study, various concentrations (80\% and 100\%) of methanol and ethanol in water were used as solvents in the extraction of flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, and quercetin) from Ruta chalepensis L. by using conventional extraction methods (reflex and maceration). Result: HPLC results confirm Using maceration with 80\% methanol was recommended for extracting flavonoids from Ruta chalepensis L. to obtain the highest yields, whereas reflex with 80\% ethanol showed a slight increase in quercetin amount. The phytochemical screening of Ruta chalepensis L. exhibited the presence of flavonoids. Conclusion: The highest amount of the three flavonoids was found in maceration with 80\% methanol.

}, keywords = {Ethanol, Extraction., Maceration, Methanol, Reflex}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.127}, author = {Ali Mohammed Zaki Al-Jaberi and Sabaa Ali Mohammed Al-Fadal and Thukaa Zuhair Abdul-Jalil and Haider Al-Wafi} } @article {1420, title = {Both Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Curcuma Zedoaraia Extract was Capable of Inducing Cells Death in T47D Cell Line Culture}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {737-743}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {737}, abstract = {

Introduction: Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) has been proven capable of inducing apoptosis in cells cancer. CZ extraction can be performed by ethanol and acetyl acetate as solvent. However, which one of these extracts is superior remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the difference potential effect of ethanol and acetyl CZ extract on apoptosis of T47D cell line. Methods: In this study 21 wells were assign into seven groups: control group (T47D); treatment groups consisting of group of ethanol CZ extract 46 (EtZ-46); group of ethanol CZ extract 23 (EtZ-23); group of ethanol CZ extract 11 (EtZ-11); and group of ethyl acetate CZ extract 111 (AcZ-111); group of ethyl acetate CZ extract 55 (AcZ-55); and group of ethyl acetate CZ extract 27 (AcZ-27). In T47D group only loaded with T47D cell line; in treatment groups aside from loaded with T47D cell line culture, also treated with ethanol or acetyl acetate CZ extract respectively. Concentration of T47D cell was 5 x 104 T47D cells line in 100 μl suspension loaded on each well of 21 wells and kept in CO2 incubator overnight. The apoptosis cells were measured after 48 hours post CZ treatment. Results: Post Hoc analysis indicated that the number of apoptosis cells in AcZ-111 was significant higher compared to that of other groups, p\<0.05. Conclusion: Acetyl acetate CZ extract treatment with dose 111 μg was capable of inducing apoptosis in T47D cell line superior than that of other groups including ethanol CZ extract.

}, keywords = {Acetyl acetate, Apoptosis, Curcuma zedoaria, Ethanol, Necrosis, T47D cell line}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.94}, author = {Titiek Sumarawati and Chodidjah and Taufiqurrachman Nasihun} } @article {1098, title = {Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Seeds: A New Potential Source of Sulfhydryl Compounds}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {298-302}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {298}, abstract = {

Background: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds are considered the most widely consumed legumes by ruminants. The seeds contain around 1.5 mmol of thiol/sulfhydryl compounds per 100 g of dried seeds. The contents of the sulfhydryl compounds can act like glutathione. On the other hand, the intake of a high amount of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds is limited by mimosine because it can induce toxicity and death in ruminants. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine sulfhydryl compound levels in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds after the mimosine removal process. Materials and methods: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds were soaked in aquadest for 24 hours and then dried at 40{\textdegree}C for 86 hours. The dried seeds were macerated at room temperature using 30\%, 50\%, 70\%, and 96\% (v/v) of ethanol as the solvent with a 1:10 solvent-to-solid ratio. Levels of dried extract yield were determined for sulfhydryl compounds and mimosine using a spectrophotometer. Results: The 30\% ethanol extract without soaking produced the highest levels of extract yield, but 70\% ethanol was the most effective solvent for extracting the maximum sulfhydryl and minimum mimosine levels. Conclusion: Ethanol solvent (70\%) can be used to extract maximum levels of sulfhydryl compound and minimum levels of mimosine from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit soaked seeds.

}, keywords = {Ethanol, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Mimosine, Sulfhydryl compounds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.47}, author = {Sri Wardatun and Yahdiana Harahap and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im and Fadlina Chany Saputri and Noorwati Sutandyo} } @article {611, title = {Bombax ceiba: A Potential Anti-Anxiety Drug}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {May 2018}, pages = {712-714}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {712}, abstract = {

Background: Bombax ceiba is a famous plant used extensively in traditional medicine for various diseases. However, data pertaining to its effects at CNS level is limited. Objective: To analyze the anti-anxiety potential of ethanolic extracts of Bombax ceiba leaves on rats using the elevated plus maze protocol. Materials and Methods: Five groups containing six rats each were treated with respective drugs.Control rats were treated with 0.5ml of 10\% ethanol i.p. (negative control). Single treatments of diazepam (2mg/kg i.p) were used as a positive control and varied levels of ethanolic extracts of Bombax ceiba leaves (150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) were applied to other groups. The index of anxiety was measured by observing the entry and time duration in the open arm of the EPM. Results: Extract at 400 mg/kg significantly increased the time duration and number of entries into the open arm which was statistically significant (p value \<0.05) when compared to the control group (ethanol). Diazepam showed the most significant results when compared to other groups (p\<0.0005). Extracts at 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg demonstrated negligible results that were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The results indicate the anti-anxiety potential of Bombax ceiba leaves at higher concentration. Further studies are required to analyze the implicated phytochemicals and the mechanism at cellular level.

}, keywords = {Anti-anxiety, Bombax ceiba leaves, Diazepam, Elevated Plus Maze, Ethanol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.118}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/656}, author = {Abdulrahman Alsayari and Mohammed Ghazwani and Dalia Almaghaslah and Yahya Alhamhoom and Maha Saad and Rawan Ahmed and Wafa Saeed and Wijden Ali and Sadia Batool} } @article {586, title = {Effect of Gynura procumbens Extracts on Anti-Proliferative Activity and its Associated Morphological Changes of Human Glioblastoma multiforme Cell Line (U-87)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {492-496}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {492}, abstract = {

Objective: Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr is a well-known traditional herb and is widely used for traditional medicine by human. Previous clinical studies have shown the benefit effect of this leaves with inflammation, high blood pressure and others. This study aims to investigate the effect of methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Gynura procumbens on U-87 cell line, human Glioblastoma multiforme cell line. Methods: In the present study, effect of methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts on U-87 cell line was determined by MTT-based anti-proliferative assay and any significant changes to the cells towards apoptotic changes was observed under a light microscope. Results: The ethanol and methanol extracts of Gynura procumbens was found to have high anti-proliferative effect on U-87 cell line with IC50 less than 20\μg/ml. By comparing IC50 value, ethanol and methanol extracts of Gynura procumbens had high potential for anti-proliferative effect on U- 87 cell line. Therefore, ethanol and methanol extracts can be a potential anti-proliferative effect on U-87 cell line. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of exploring the effect of Gynura procumbens extracts using three different polarity (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate) effect on U-87 cell line, Human Glioblastoma multiforme cells.

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative, Ethanol, Gynura procumbens, Methanol, U87 cell line}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.81}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/514}, author = {Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin and Mimie Noratiqah Jumli and Norhaslinda Ridzwan and Atif Amin Baig and Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif and Norhayati Abd Hadi} } @article {555, title = {Effect of Gynura procumbens Extracts on Anti-Proliferative Activity and its Associated Morphological Changes of Human Glioblastoma multiforme Cell Line (U-87)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {x}, pages = {XX-XX}, type = {x}, chapter = {XX}, abstract = {

Objective: Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr is a well-known traditional herb and is widely used for traditional medicine by human. Previous clinical studies have shown the benefit effect of this leaves with inflammation, high blood pressure and others. This study aims to investigate the effect of methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Gynura procumbens on U-87 cell line, human glioblastoma multiforme cell line. Methods: In the present study, effect of methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts on U-87 cell line was determined by MTT-based anti-proliferative assay and any significant changes to the cells towards apoptotic changes was observed under a light microscope. Results: The ethanol and methanol extracts of Gynura procumbens was found to have high anti-proliferative effect on U-87 cell line with IC50 less than 20\μg/ml. By comparing IC50 value, ethanol and methanol extracts of Gynura procumbens had high potential for anti-proliferative effect on U- 87 cell line. Therefore, ethanol and methanol extracts can be a potential anti-proliferative effect on U-87 cell line. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of exploring the effect of Gynura procumbens extracts using three different polarity (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate) effect on U-87 cell line, Human glioblastoma multiforme cells.

Key words: Gynura procumbens, Ethanol, Methanol, U87 cell line, Antiproliferative.

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative., Ethanol, Gynura procumbens, Methanol, U87 cell line}, doi = {10.5530/jppcm.2018.2s.xx}, author = {Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin and Mimie Noratiqah Jumli and Norhaslinda Ridzwan and Atif Amin Baig and Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif and Norhayati Abd Hadi} } @article {210, title = {Gc-Ms Analysis of Ethanolic Stem Extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook F Ex Benth}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {September 2016}, pages = {576-578}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {576}, abstract = {

Objective: In the present study, the bioactive components present in the ethanol stem extract of Clausena anisata was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis technique (GC-MS). Clausena anisata, a medicinal plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, is represented by 20 species available in India and used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments but there is a requirement to identify its phytoconstituents, its target, mode of action and treatment using plant products either alone or in combination with synthetic drugs. Methods: Clausena anisata stem was procured from Manamettupatti, a village of Pudukottai District, Tamil Nadu. The shade dried stem was powdered and extracted using ethanol by maceration method. One microlitre of the extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to detect the presence of bioactive compounds present in the stem of C. anisata. Results:The results showed that the ethanol stem extract of C. anisata contained nine bioactive compounds, of which the major one is n-hexadecanoic acid (78.54\%), followed by 8-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, [E]- (6.638\%). The total number of compounds obtained was compared with National Institutes of Standard and Technology (NIST) library that contains more than 62,000 known compounds based on retention time and molecular mass. Conclusion: In this study, nearly nine compounds have been identified from the ethanolic stem extract of C. anisata using GC-MS analysis which was mainly composed of fatty acids and sterols. The GC-MS analysis is used to understand the nature of active principles present in this plant revealed that the plant can be used as a potential source of new useful drugs.

}, keywords = {C. anisata, Ethanol, GC-MS analysis, maceration and phytoconstituents}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.6.9}, author = {Arsia Tarnam Yakoob and Nargis Begum Tajuddin and Shilu Mathew and Muhammad Ilyas Mohammed Hussain and Ishtiaq Qadri} }