@article {220, title = {Microscopic and Physicochemical Evaluation of Leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {21-26}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {21}, abstract = {

Objective: To study the pharmacognostic characters of a medicinally important crude drug, Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Methods: Various pharmacognostic parameters involved in organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical, phytochemical and fluorescence evaluation were carried out. Results: The macroscopy study showed that the leaves was observed as sessile, obovate-oblong apex, tapered base, dentate margin, simple, serrate lamina, surface glabrous. The leaf microscopy showed the presence of diacytic stomata, unicellular covering trichomes, arc shaped vascular bundle which contain lignified xylem and non lignified phloem, cortical parenchyma and a thin strip of collenchyma, micro rosette calcium oxalate crystals. The powder characteristics of leaf showed the presence of lignified fibers, medullary rays, bordered pitted xylem vessels, calcium oxalate crystals, stomata, epidermal cells and covering trichomes. Physicochemical parameters like total ash value was 9.21\%, water soluble ash 1.56\%, acid insoluble ash 1.35\%, swelling index 4 mL, loss on drying 1.09\% and foreign matter was 0.20\%w/w respectively where as stomatal indexes of upper and lower surfaces were 33.2 and 23, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oil, fats and oils, tannins and phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The present study provides the scientific data for the proper authentification and establishment of quality control standards for the therapeutic use of Sphaeranthus indicus.

}, keywords = {Histochemical evaluation, Organoleptic evaluation, Phytochemcial screening, Sphaeranthus indiucs.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.4}, author = {Sonia Singh and Bhupesh Chander Semwal and Gurulingappa S Neeli} } @article {353, title = {Phyto-Pharmacognostical Studies and HPTLC Fingerprinting Profile of Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wall. Ex Wight}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {May 2017}, pages = {528-533}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {528}, abstract = {

Objective: To study the pharmacognostic characters and phytochemical investigation of medicinally important crude drug, Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wall. Ex Wight (Annonaceae) Methods: Organoleptic characters, microscopic evaluation, leaf constants, quantitative physico-chemical evaluations (Ash value, extractive value, moisture content), preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content in alcoholic and aqueous extract of Uvaria narum and HPTLC fingerprinting profile were studies on leaves of Uvaria narum by employing standard methods of analysis. Results: Leaf is dorsiventral, having distinct upper and lower surface. Stomata are of paracytic type and present only on lower epidermis. Upper epidermal cells are polygonal with cuticle and contain simple starch grains. A single layer of palisade cells is present below upper epidermis. Leaf do not bears any trichomes. Mid rib region shows collenchymatous cells on both surfaces. Xylem bundles are arranged in an arc. The space between collenchymas and vascular bundle is occupied by parenchymatous cells, some of which are filled with calcium oxalate crystals of prism as well as of rosette type (30-40 m in diameter). HPTLC fingerprint study of alcoholic and aqueous extracts confirmed the presence of quercitin as biomarker polyphenolic compound. Conclusion: These findings will be useful in establishing pharmacognostic and phytochemical standards for correct identification, as well as assessment of purity, quality of this plant, which definitely gaining the relevance in plant drug research and establishment of plant monograph.

}, keywords = {Histochemical evaluation, HPTLC fingerprinting, Morpho-Anatomical, Physicochemical, Uvaria Narum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.4.85}, url = {/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.85}, author = {Kalpana Sabanna Patil and Raju Ratan Wadekar} }