@article {1928, title = {Evaluation of Experimental Cerebral Malaria of Curcumin and Kaempferol in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {905-911}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {905}, abstract = {

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the leading cause of death from malaria in endemic areas. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have become valuable alternative therapeutic options in CM treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and kaempferol in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Methods: After PbA infection, mice were divided into 9 groups, namely Group I (negative control (NC)) with 0.5\% HPMC, Group II received chloroquine 20 mg/kg, Group III (normal) with aquadest, Groups IV, V, and VI received curcumin at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, Groups VII, VIII, and IX received kaempferol at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. The antimalarial activity was evaluated using Peter{\textquoteright}s four-day suppressive test. This was conducted to determine the \% parasitemia, survival rate, AST and ALT, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and neurobehavioral disorders in mice with CM. Results: The results showed that all treatments had significant antimalarial activity, with the \% suppression depending on the dose. It also indicates that PbA-infected mice had a survival rate of 11-19 days after infection, which was higher than those in the NC group. This suggested that curcumin and kaempferol have a protective effect on the survival of PbA-infected mice. Furthermore, they significantly reduced the AST and ALT concentrations in the sample compared to the NC group. The same was observed in cerebral vessel extravasation, where the Evans Blue stain assay showed significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of PbA-infected mice treated with curcumin and kaempferol. This indicated better-protected integrity of the BBB. Additionally, the results also demonstrated a decrease in neurological disorders arising during ECM in the group treated with curcumin and kaempferol. Conclusion: Considering these results, it is concluded that treatments with curcumin and kaempferol could improve animal survival, prevent AST and ALT elevations, as well as protect the BBB and neurobehavioral disorders associated with CM in PbA-infected mice.

}, keywords = {Blood-brain barrier., Cerebral malaria, Kaempferol, Kurkumin, Plasmodium berghei Anka}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.187}, author = {Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri and Afiat Berbudi and Anas Subarnas} } @article {577, title = {Detection and Quantification of Major Phytochemical Markers for Standardization of Talinum Portulacifolium, Gomphrena Serrata, Alternanthera Sessilis and Euphorbia Heterophylla by HPLC}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {439-446}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {439}, abstract = {

Background: High-performance liquid chromatography is one of the major analytical techniques used in the quality control of phytochemicals. Objective: This research article presents the development of HPLC method to detect and quantify the major marker components, kaempferol, and quercetin from four plant species. Materials and Methods: HPLC method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extracts by using orthophosphoric acid and methanol (95:5) at 370 nm for kaempferol, methanol and orthophosphoric acid (60:40) at 262nm for quercetin. Results: Kaempferol was detected from the hydro alcoholic extracts of Talinum portulacifolium leaves (RT 13.720, concentration 1.08 mg/ml) and flowers of Gomphrena serrata (RT 13.758, concentration 2.13mg/ml). Kaempferol was reported for the first time from Gomphrena serrata. Quercetin was separated and identified from the hydro alcoholic extracts Alternanthera sessilis stems (RT 6.503, concentration 0.01mg/ml). The hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia heterophylla stems (RT 6.588, concentration 0.01mg/ml) was also evaluated for the presence of quercetin. Conclusion: The method developed is very useful tool for qualifying and quantifying the plant specimens as well as their extracts.

}, keywords = {Extracts., HPLC, Kaempferol, Marker, Plant specimens, Quality control, Quercetin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.72}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/505}, author = {Mamillapalli Vani and Shaik Abdul Rahaman and Avula Prameela Rani} } @article {238, title = {A Complete Pharmacognostical Profile of Rungia repens}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {123-127}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {123}, abstract = {

Background: Rungia repens is one of the plants cited as \‘Parpata\’ in Ayurvedic literature and indicated as febrifuge, antitussive and vermifuge. Aim: To generate and ensemble data of physical parameters for ascertaining the identification and develop validated HPTLC method for quantification of kaempferol in R. repens. Materials and Methods: R. repens was studied for establishing pharmacognostic standards including macro and microscopical characters, physico-chemical analysis and quantification of kaempferol by HPTLC method. Results: It is a small, much branched, prostrate or sub-erect herb with lanceolate leaf and violet flowers. Microscopically root can be characterized by collenchymatous phloem associated with wide lignified xylem; stem by epidermis with simple and glandular trichomes and collenchymatous hypodermis; and leaf by epidermis embedded with cystoliths and bearing covering and glandular trichomes. Powdered drug can be typified by cystoliths, trichomes of aforementioned type, pollen grains and fragments of cork. Further studies revealed that brunt of heavy metal and microbial load in plant material was within permissible limits. Flavonoids and phenolics were found be major components. HPTLC method was developed for quantification of kaempferol using precoated silica gel plates as a stationary phase, and toluene: ethyl acetate: dichloromethane: formic acid: methyl ethyl ketone (5: 1: 1.5: 0.5: 0.8) as a mobile phase and scanning the plate at 254 nm. Conclusion: The distinctive quality profile data and validated HPTLC method tailored for Rungia repens using kaempferol as a marker, would aid as expedient measures for its evaluation.

}, keywords = {Ghati pitpapada, HPTLC, Kaempferol, Pharmacognostic study, Rungia repens}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.21}, url = {/fulltext/288}, author = {Karuna Modi and Mamta Shah} }