@article {2423, title = {Potential Molecular level Impact of Cresvin beta on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1297-1304}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1297}, abstract = {

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing prevalence rate over the past few decades. Despite the availability of medications to prevent and reduce disease severity, T2DM prevalence and incidence continue to rise annually. Understanding genetic heritage{\textquoteright}s impact on therapeutic responses is improving, with pharmacogenetics being used to better comprehend the therapeutic variability of T2DM. This study aims to compare the effects of metformin and Cresvin beta capsules containing Pterocarpus marsupium, Withania somnifera, Salacia reticulata, Gymnema Sylvestre, Curcuma longa, Vitis vinifera and Piper nigrum (Black pepper extract) on diabetic and immune-related gene expression in T2DM patients. Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two groups: metformintreated (group A, n=30) and Cresvin beta -treated (group B, n=30). Anthropometric, biochemical, and hematological parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Gene expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain from DNA extracted from whole blood samples. Results: After 3 months, metformin significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and HbA1c levels (p\<0.001). Cresvin beta also significantly reduced FBS (p\<0.01), PPBS (p\<0.001), and HbA1c (p\<0.001). Gene expression analysis showed significant changes in SIRT1, AKT, SLC2A4, IL-6, and TNF-α in both groups. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that Cresvin beta reduced glycemic levels and improved SIRT1, Pi3k, Akt, and SLC2A4 gene expression while decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine gene expression in T2DM patients.

}, keywords = {anti-diabetic efficacy, Ayurveda, Cresvin beta, Metformin, Sirtuin 1, Type 2 diabetes mellitus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.209}, author = {Nandakumar K N and Mohanraj Nehru and Prasanth Subramanian and Bhuvaneshwaran Mothiswaran and Vishagan S S and Satishkumar Rajappan Chandra and Venkataraman Prabhu} } @article {1141, title = {An Analytical and in-vivo Study to Evaluate the Effect of Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya V{\={a}}sita Godhuma (Triticum aestivum grains soaked in Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya) on its Glycemic Index compared to Raw Godhuma (Raw Triticum aestivum grains)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {526-534}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {526}, abstract = {

Diabetes is generally referred to as a Metabolic Disorder or a Lifestyle Disorder, that is mainly characterized by the symptom of Hyperglycemia caused by the defective insulin secretion, congenital or acquired. Diabetes requires management of diet and lifestyle with or without medications to keep the blood sugar under control. Foods with medium Glycemic Index (GI) is best preferred for Diabetics, because high GI foods will rapidly increase the blood sugar level, and low GI will cause grave health issues. In practice, wheat is the highly recommended diet for diabetics as the GI is medium in comparison to rice that belongs to a high GI group. But wheat causes digestive problems, and flatulence in addition to the Gluten allergy that many people suffer from. However in Ayurveda, the Classical Text Aṣṭ{\={a}}ṅga Hṛdaya (AH) mentions in Prameha Cikitsa Adhy{\={a}}ya (Chapter on Treatment of Diabetes) that Godhuma (grains of Wheat - Triticum aestivum L) has to be kept soaked in Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya (Decoction prepared with the fruits of Terminalia chebula, T. bellerica and Phyllanthus emblica) and then dried and powdered before being used as a diet for a diabetic. The grains of Godhuma were kept soaked in Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya and then dried and powdered. A comparative analytical study was done for the two samples- treated wheat grains (Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya V{\={a}}sita Godhuma) and untreated/raw wheat grains. An In vivo study was also done to assess the GI value of both the samples of wheat. The analytical and In vivo study results prove that while the GI is still maintained within medium range, the allergen gluten is completely eliminated, total fat and total protein have reduced while still maintaining the nutritive value, in the treated sample when compared to the raw sample. Based on the results obtained from the analytical and in-vivo study, it can be concluded that Triphala Kaṣ{\={a}}ya V{\={a}}sita Godhuma becomes even more compatible and healthy for a diabetic, in gluten allergy and discomforts caused by wheat consumption, in comparison to the untreated wheat grains.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Diabetes, Gluten, Glycemic index, Godhuma, Prameha, Triphala kaṣ{\={a}}ya}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.80 }, author = {Sujithra M and Vimala KS and Sabitha M and Priya S} } @article {750, title = {A Brief Review of Synonyms and Properties of Gudūcī (Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers) from Selected Nighantus (Ayurvedic Drug Lexicons)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s9-s13}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {s9}, abstract = {

The use of Herbal medicines are continuously on the rise as they are known to be very efficient without causing much undesired effects. Herbs are the main source for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Persian and extensive literature and scientific research is being done in this aspect. Ethnobotanical studies are being conducted in specific areas to understand and analyse the relative priority, agreement percentage and the use value. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Tests are also carried out to substantiate the use.1 Plant toxins and plant poisoning have been reported in children.2 Unfortunately, though herbs are generally considered to be safe, it does contain chemical constituents that can be helpful or harmful when consumed individually or in combination with other herbs or drugs. For more and more scientific studies to come up, the basic literature review has to be done. Ayurveda is an Ancient System of Medicine practiced in India since centuries. The practice is based on Classical Ayurvedic Texts and the Nighantus that came in the later period. In this article, Guduci- Tinospora cordifolia (Tco) - a commonly used plant in Ayurveda that holds a great medicinal value.3 has been chosen and the review of the Synonyms and Properties of this plant mentioned in selected Nighantus has been done. The different properties of the plant like anti hyperglycemic action, antioxidant, hepato-protective activity, etc have already been researched and proven.4 Retrospectively, here a comparative analysis of synonyms and properties of Tco as mentioned in the Nighantu\’s from the Ayurvedic Point of view has been done.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Guduci, Nighantus, Properties, Synonyms, Tinopsora cordifolia}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.2}, author = {Sujithra Ram Manohar and Vimala and Priyalatha and Raiby Paul and Priya S} } @article {332, title = {A Quantitative Approach to Estimate both Essential and Non-essential Elements in Some Commercial Samples of Triphala churna by using WD-XRF Spectrometry}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {378-381}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {378}, abstract = {

Introduction: The need for quality control of herbal drugs is in demand in order to ensure the purity, safety and efficacy of herbal products. A total of 19 elements including essential and non-essential elements were characterized in five commercial samples of Triphala churna using WD-XRF spectrometry. Method: The WD-XRF method was validated for each element by a pre-calibrated program using five Chinese certified reference materials of vegetable standards (NCS ZC73012, NCS ZC73013, NCS ZC73017, NCS ZC85006 and NCS DC73348). Results: The following elements were detected in all the samples out of 19 elements tested with increasing order of concentrations (mg/kg): Cr (3) \< Cu (7) \< Ba (24) \< Zn (31) \< Pb (46) \< Mn (57) \< S (700) \< Na (1064) \< Mg (1250) \< Fe (1329) \< P (1400) \< Cl (2960) \< Ca (3110) \< Si (4350) \< K (15130). Lead (41-46 mg/kg), a nonessential element was found above its PDE limit (\≤ 10 mg/kg). Conclusion: WD-XRF method was found simple, rapid, reliable and non-destructive technique to investigate the elemental concentrations in herbal drugs.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Elemental analysis, ICP-MS, ISM, Triphala churna, WD-XRF}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.64}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.64}, author = {Venkata Siva Satyanarayana Kantamreddi and V. Thirumala Veni and G. Y. S. K. Swamy} } @article {184, title = {Rasayana Herbs of Ayurveda to Treat age Related Cognitive Decline: An Update}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {411-423}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {411}, abstract = {

Introduction: Cognitive decline associated with aging could be minor or major neuro-cognitive disorder presenting with progressive intellectual deterioration interfering with day to day activities. Behaviour and personality changes may complicate the life in due course. Significant increase in global prevalence of people aged above 60 years has raised concerns on effective management of old age problems. Age related cognitive deficits and dementia raise to the level of epidemics and established management is yet underway. Principles of preventive health and rasayana (rejuvenative) herbs of Ayurveda are being extensively researched up on for their effectiveness in dementia. In this fourteen such herbs with anti dementia property are discussed with relevant research update. Methods: Herbs like amalaki (Emblica officinalis), hareetaki (Terminalia chebula), haridra (Curcuma longa), manduka parni (Centella asiatica), aindri (Bacopa monniera), yastimadhu (Glycirrhiza glabra), guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pleuricaulis), vacha (Acorus calamus), jyotishmati (Celastrus panniculata), kushmanda (Benincasa hispida), Jatamamsi (Nardostachys jatamamsi), ashvagandha (Withania somnifera) and kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens (Linn.)) are already proven of their efficacy in experimental and preclinical levels. The contents and research evidences are collected from ayurveda database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda and Siddha and other authentic literature, Google scholar, Science direct, online and print journals. Discussion: The herbs in discussion mostly act on reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress injury by antioxidant properties and neuroprotective activity. Acetylcholine esterase inhibition, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonism, Dopaminergic activity, Anti-amyloidogenic activity, Inhibition of Tau aggregation, neuroprotection and immune modulation are activity path ways. Tridosha namely Kapha, Pitta and Vata may be viewed to be categorically predominant in initial, middle and final stage of dementia. Selected herbs thus can be specific based on the pathology and relevant dosha predominance. Conclusion: Rasayana herbs with current updates and inferences can serve as an eye-opener for further researches at molecular and clinical aspect.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, cognitive decline, Dementia, Herbs, Medhya, Rasayana.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.1}, author = {Reena Kulkarni and Suhas Kumar Shetty and Rajarajeshwari N M and Prasanna Narasimha Rao and Nayan J} } @article {52, title = {Taste Masking of Ayurvedic Nutraceutical Formulation by Pan Coating Process}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-Aug 2015}, pages = {215-220}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {215}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurvedic medicines and nutraceuticals are gaining popularity among physicians and patients for better therapeutic value. Lack of quality standards and problems, in preparing or testing them, are the main hurdles experienced by both the practitioners and the patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to improve the palatability of the Ayurvedic Nutraceutical Preparation (ADS) by masking its bitter taste and to standardize the taste masking procedure. In the present study Eudragit E 100 was used as an acid soluble coating material. Materials and Methods: ADS powder was converted into granules with PVP K30 as a granulating agent and the ADS granules were coated with Eudragit E 100 coating solution by pan coating process. Various IPQC tests namely flow properties, moisture content were performed on the granules before and after coating for determination of endpoint of granulation and coating respectively. The ADS powder and granules were evaluated for bitter taste. Results: ADS granules were advantageous over ADS powder since the flow properties of ADS granules were better than the flow properties of ADS powder, a prerequisite of pan coating process. Eudragit E 100 inhibited the contact in between the plant extracts and the taste buds due to insolubility of Eudragit E 100 in saliva. Sensory evaluation of taste indicated that the taste of coated granules was significantly masked. Conclusion: The bitter taste of ADS was improved successfully with Eudragit E 100 as a coating agent and the pan coating process. An attempt was made to standardize the pan coating process.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Coating, Eudragit E 100, Nutraceutical, Taste Masking}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.4.2}, author = {Alpana Kulkarni and Shreya Rumalla and Swati Andhale and Bhanudas Kuchekar}, editor = {Ajit Kolatkar} } @article {1456, title = {Taste Masking of AyurvedicNutraceutical Formulation by Pan Coating Process}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {29th Apr, 2015}, pages = {215-220}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {215}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurvedic medicines and nutraceuticals are gaining popularity among physicians and patients for better therapeutic value. Lack of quality standards and problems, in preparing or testing them, are the main hurdles experienced by both the practitioners and the patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to improve the palatability of the Ayurvedic Nutraceutical Preparation (ADS) by masking its bitter taste and to standardize the taste masking procedure. In the present study Eudragit E 100 was used as an acid soluble coating material. Materials and Methods: ADS powder was converted into granules with PVP K30 as a granulating agent and the ADS granules were coated with Eudragit E 100 coating solution by pan coating process. Various IPQC tests namely flow properties, moisture content were performed on the granules before and after coating for determination of endpoint of granulation and coating respectively. The ADS powder and granules were evaluated for bitter taste. Results: ADS granules were advantageous over ADS powder since the flow properties of ADS granules were better than the flow properties of ADS powder, a prerequisite of pan coating process. Eudragit E 100 inhibited the contact in between the plant extracts and the taste buds due to insolubility of Eudragit E 100 in saliva. Sensory evaluation of taste indicated that the taste of coated granules was significantly masked. Conclusion: The bitter taste of ADS was improved successfully with Eudragit E 100 as a coating agent and the pan coating process. An attempt was made to standardize the pan coating process.

Key words: Ayurveda, Coating, Eudragit E 100, Nutraceutical, Taste Masking.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Coating, Eudragit E 100, Nutraceutical, Taste Masking.}, author = {AlpanaKulkarni and Shreya Rumalla and Swati Andhale and Ajit Kolatkar and Bhanudas Kuchekar} }