@article {1767, title = {Screening of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Edible Termite Mushroom}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {301-307}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {301}, abstract = {

Wild edible mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties. Natural antioxidants can protect against oxidative induced free radicals without any side effects. Thus, they are consumed by people for food and nutraceutical values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of three wild edible termite mushrooms (Termitomyces albuminosus, T. eurhizus and T. robustus). Different phytochemicals were screened in the 50\% ethanol, methanol and water extracts of three termite mushrooms. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity of three termite mushrooms was evaluated by DPPH assay. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals has revealed that alkaloid, steroid, fatty acid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, carbohydrate and protein are found in the 50\% ethanol, methanol and water extracts of three species of termite mushroom. A high amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the 50\% ethanol extract of T. albuminosus, T. eurhizus and T. robustus (TPC: 50.28, 54.56 and 57.63 mg GAE/g extract; TFC: 16.30, 18.43 and 18.80 mg QE/g extract respectively). Due to high phenolic and flavonoid content, 50\% ethanol extract of three termite mushrooms has shown high antioxidant activity (i.e., lowest IC50: 710.00 - 714.05 μg/ml). These termite mushrooms have antioxidant properties due to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites that can potentially be used as a source of natural antioxidants in the form of food and nutraceutical.

}, keywords = {DPPH assay, Flavonoid, phenolic, Phytochemical, Termite mushroom}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.38}, author = {Anita Kumari Tharu and Mukti Ram Paudel and Ananda Prakash Joshi and Laxman Bhandari and Hari Prasad Aryal} } @article {629, title = {Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Water and Methanol Extracts of Phyllanthus species from Malaysia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {677-681}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {677}, abstract = {

Aims: The effects of 2 types of solvents, water and methanol were investigated to determine the presence of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from three Phyllanthus species namely, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri and Phyllanthus debilis. Materials\ and\ Methods: The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The chemical contents of the Phyllanthus sp. were presented as total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Statistical analysis used: All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for Windows, Version 22. All data were presented as mean \± standard deviation. Results: Our result showed that P. urinaria showed higher TPC, followed by P. debilis and P. niruri for both methanol and water extracts. Similarly, P. urinaria showed higher TFC than P. debilis and P. niruri. The antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed EC50 of samples ranged from 15.8 to 29.3 \μg/mL for methanol extract and 33.5 to 73.0 \μg/mL for water extract. The 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay showed EC50 ranges which were from 11.2 to 26.0 \μg/mL for methanol extract and 13.5 to 37.4 \μg/mL for water extract. Conclusion: Methanol extract showed higher TPC, TFC value and lower EC50 values for antioxidant activities when compared to water extract. In both methanol and water extracts, P. urinaria had higher TPC and TFC value and lower EC50 for both DPPH and ABTS assay followed by P. debilis and P. niruri.

}, keywords = {ABTS, DPPH, Flavonoid, phenolic, Phyllanthus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.111}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/649}, author = {Siti Nur Dalila Mohd Zain and Wan Adnan Wan Omar} } @article {260, title = {ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {249-251}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {249}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are many developed antihypertension drugs, one of them is focusing in ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibition activity. ACE inhibition activity known can decrease vasoconstriction effect and also can decrease bradykinin degradation (vasodilator) by creating NO (nitric oxide). Methods: In this study, we conducted an in vitro ACE inhibition activity test which was obtained from watercress on 70\% ethanolic extract and each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). Results: Results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of watercress had ACE activity with IC50 value was 19.05 g/mL and the highest IC50 of each fraction is ethyl acetate with IC50 value was 2,303 g/ mL. n-butanol fraction had the highest total phenolic content with 15.798 mg GAE/g of the extract, while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained on ethyl acetate fraction with 82.847 mg QE/g of the extract. Conclusion: The results suggest that Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) possess ACE inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {ACE inhibitor, Flavonoid, phenolic, Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.42}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/309}, author = {Catty Amalia Yaricsha and Rissyelly and Katrin} } @article {267, title = {ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. Leaves Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {285-287}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {285}, abstract = {

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves and its fractions. Methods: Extraction was done by maceration with 80\% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. Results: In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC50 value of 3.448 \μg/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC50 value of 1.714 x 10-3 \μg/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 \± 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 \± 1.612 mg QE/g sample). Conclusion: The results suggest that Pereskia saccharose Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {ACE inhibitor, Flavonoid, Pereskia saccharose Griseb, phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.49}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/316}, author = {Sarlina Jihan Lusiyanti and Katrin and Rissyelly and Nuraini Puspitasari and Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari Mahayasih} }