@article {2205, title = {Unlocking the Potential of Stingray (Dasyatis sephen) Extract: A Novel Investigation into EPA and DHA Effects on Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {28-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a complex disturbance in lipid metabolism with notable implications for cardiovascular health. Considering the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on global mortality, lipid regulation should be eminently prioritized. Stingray (Dasyatis sephen) is one of the natural resources believed to be rich in lipid-regulating compounds: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We aimed to investigate the impact of the stingray extract on the lipid metabolism of Wistar rats subjected to a high-fat diet. Methods: We adopted a true experimental design with three experiment groups: a negative control (standard diet and distilled water), a positive control (high-fat diet and distilled water), and a specified treatment group (high-fat diet and stingray extract). Serum samples were collected after 28 days of treatment and analyzed for HDL and ApoB levels as dyslipidemia markers. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA for HDL and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests for ApoB levels, followed by post-hoc analysis. Results: The results revealed worsening HDL and ApoB levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group following a high-fat diet consumption. In contrast, the experiment group showed improvements in HDL and ApoB levels compared to the positive control group following the administration of the extract. However, only the dynamics in HDL level are significant (p\<0.05), while the difference in ApoB levels among all treatment groups was not statistically significant (p\>0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the potency of D. sephen extract in regulating lipid metabolism despite the complexity of lipid metabolism regulation and the challenges of the conventional reliance on HDL and ApoB as exclusive markers of cardiovascular health.

}, keywords = {ApoB, Dasyatis sephen, HDL, stingray}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.4}, author = {Sihning EJT and Ni Komang Sri Dewi Untari and Dian Maria Pia} } @article {2208, title = {Unveiling Potential Therapies: Molecular Docking Analysis of CAMKK2 and Its Mutant Variants with CAMKK2 Inhibitors in Indonesian Patients with HIV-Sensory Neuropathy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {46-51}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {46}, abstract = {

HIV sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is one among many complications that impair patients{\textquoteright} quality of life. Studies in Asian and African populations found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2) influence the risk of HIV-SN. This study attempts to explain the influence of CAMKK2 mutations on HIV SN by studying bioinformatics interactions between CAMKK2, its mutants, and their inhibitors by molecular docking with AutoDock in order to observe their interactions with CAMKK2 inhibitors. Results showed that CAMKK2{\textquoteright}s binding energy with its native ligand (ATP) is stronger than the mutant variant of CAMKK2MT85 and CAMKK2MT363. Conversely, interaction between CAMKK2 and its inhibitors (KN-93, STO-609, and trifluoperazine) have the lowest mean binding energy compared to CAMKK2MT85 and CAMKK2MT363. This indicates that the mutant variants have weaker interactions with the native ligand and the inhibitors, therefore disrupting the normal function of CAMKK2, its interactions with the inhibitors, while increasing the likelihood of HIV-SN.

}, keywords = {CAMKK2 inhibitors, HIV-SN, Molecular docking, mutation, SNP}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.7}, author = {Ahmad Yanuar Safri and Salim Harris and Putera Dewa Haryono and Ariane Benina Budiwan and Eugenia Isadora and Aisyah Fitriannisa Prawiningrum and Fadilah Fadilah} } @article {1961, title = {Uterocervical Angle Anterior, Posterior, and Cervical Length Ultrasound as a Predictors for Successful Delay in Labor of Pregnant Women with Threatened Preterm Birth (PTB)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {52-56}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {52}, abstract = {

Introduction: To determine whether the examination of the uterocervical angle anterior, posterior, cervical length, and combination can be used as a predictor of successful delay in labor in patients with threatened preterm birth (PTB). Methods: This is a prospective cohort analytical observational study of 44 women admitted to our hospital gestational age 28-36 weeks diagnosed with threatened preterm birth. Cervical length, anterior uterocervical angle, and posterior uterocervical angle examinations were performed. Patient then observed for 2x24 hours whether there was a delay in labor or not. If there is a delay, the patient followed until delivery. Results: CL cut off value \> 2.66 cm delaying labor for 2x24 hours and \> 2.81 cm delaying labor until term. UCA posterior cut off value \< 113.2o delaying labor for 2x24 hours and \< 107.8o delaying labor until term. Anterior UCA cut off values \< 103.2o delaying labor for 2x24 hours and \< 93.1o delaying labor until term. Statistical Analysis showed that CL was significant as a single tool for predictor of delayed labor either 2x24 hours or up to term, while posterior and anterior UCA was not. But if this 3 single tools combinate, CL, anterior UCA, and posterior UCA was statistically significant as a predictor of delay in labor either 2x24 hours or until term, with the best predictive value is a combination of CL and posterior UCA of 25.2\% for predicting delay of labor 2x24 hours and the combination of CL, posterior, and anterior UCA was 24.6\% for predicting delay labor until term. Conclusion: Cervical length ultrasound examination and the combination of CL, anterior UCA, and posterior UCA can be predictors of delayed labor in patients with threatened preterm birth but not for anterior and posterior uterocervical angle as a single tool.

}, keywords = {Cervical Length, Preterm Delivery, Threatened Preterm Birth (PTB), Uterocervical Angle Anterior, Uterocervical Angle Posterior.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.8}, author = {Qurrata Akyuni and Agus Sulistiyono and Hermanto Tri Joewono and Lilik Djuari} } @article {2193, title = {Utilization of Rainwater as Consumable Water with Rainwater Harvesting Methods: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1254-1257}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1254}, abstract = {

Background: Water demand is expected to increase in all sectors. Rainwater can be a solution to the lack of the clean water crisis. The quality of rainwater harvested is highly dependent on the rainwater harvesting system. Methods: This literature review is a narrative review using sources from the Scopus and Pubmed databases. The keywords used were utilization, rainwater, and rainwater harvesting methods. Of the 30 references identified in the search phase, ten were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: Harvested rainwater can be used for multiple purposes such as watering plants, washing, bathing, and even cooking if the water quality meets health standards. There are three fundamental components that should be present within the rainwater harvesting system: 1) a rainwater pipe that traps water, e.g., utilizing the shape of the roof surface, 2) a water distribution system, i.e., a system that transports water from the roof to the superficies through a gutter, and 3) a reservoir that stores rainwater such as barrels, tubs, or ponds. Conclusions: Water conservation efforts are needed to meet the demand for water in the face of increasingly limited supply. Harvesting rainwater is one of the methods of water conservation that can be carried out by each household of the community to collect raw rainwater for consumption and use. If rainwater harvesting is practiced in a sustainable manner, it will help maintain water and environmental sustainability, thus supporting the livelihood of present and future generations.

}, keywords = {Consumable, Harvesting, Rainwater, Utilization, Water Quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.227}, author = {Sandy Novryanto Sakati and Anwar Mallongi and Erniwati Ibrahim and Budimawan and Stang and Sukri Palutturi and Maria Kanan and Herawati} } @article {1835, title = {Uncover Itchy Leaves Ethnomedicine Usage: A Preliminary Study on Characterization and Bioactivity of Laportea Spp}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {286-295}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {286}, abstract = {

Background: Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. and Laportea stimulans (L.f.) Miq. (Urticaceae) or itchy leaves are endogenous plants from The Maluku Islands, Indonesia, which are used topically as analgesics by local people. Objective: As part of a preliminary investigation on the itchy leaves, this study was conducted to provide information on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, phytochemical profiles, and bioactivities according to the ethnomedicinal usages. Materials and Methods: The macroscopic examination was carried out on fresh leaves. The microscopic examination was carried out on leaf powder under a light microscope. The phytochemical analyses using TLC were conducted on those crude extracts and fractions. The bioactivity assays were conducted in vitro as Cox-2 inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results: reveal similar characteristics in the macroscopic and microscopic properties of both Laportea spp. leaves. Calcium oxalate crystals were observed in L. decumana but not found in L. stimulans. Both species have stomata with anisocytic type. More trichomes are found in the leaves of L. decumana, yet smaller and easily detachable. TLC analyses exhibited slightly different profiles. The crude extracts and fractions at 10 μg/ml showed similar inhibitory percentages on Cox-2. The DPPH scavenging activities of the crude extracts and fractions of L. decumana showed active moderate activity with an IC50 value \< 250 μg/ml, while those of L. stimulans showed moderate to weak potency with an IC50 value \< 500 μg/ml. Conclusion: Further exploration on Laportea spp. pharmacological activity is recommended to provide stronger evidence for its ethnomedicinal usage.

}, keywords = {Characterization, Cox-2 inhibitor, DPPH radical scavenging activity., Itchy leaves, Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd, Laportea stimulans (L.f.) Gaud, Phytochemical profiles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.98}, author = {Lukman La Basy and Djoko Santosa and Retno Murwanti and Triana Hertiani} } @article {1800, title = {Utilization of Secondary Metabolites in Algae Kappaphycus alvarezii as a Breast Cancer Drug with a Computational Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {536-543}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {536}, abstract = {

Breast cancer is one of the worst diseases that affect female people. Long-term treatment with therapy or surgery has a detrimental impact on the patient. The algae Kappaphycus alvarezii has gotten a lot of interest as a breast cancer medication because it contains chemicals that are expected to be anti-cancer. The objectives of this paper were to see how secondary metabolites in algae interact with the Nuclear Factor- kappaB protein kinase in breast cancer. The ligands and proteins were obtained from the PubChem and PDB websites, respectively. Swiss ADME was then used to assess the Pharmacokinetics and Drug likeness Properties. The last stage involved using molecular docking with PyRx and molecular dynamics to identify the interaction and visualization between the ligand and the target protein. The findings of the test revealed that the maraniol chemical had a superior binding capacity with NF kB protein kinase because it has a chromone group that controls transport efficiently in preventing breast cancer proliferation.

}, keywords = {Breast cancer, K. alvarezii, Molecular Docking., NF kB protein kinase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.68}, author = {AF Dibha and S Wahyuningsih and ANM Ansori and VD Kharisma and MH Widyananda and AA Parikesit and MT Sibero and RT Probojati and AAA Murtadlo and JP Trinugroho and TH Sucipto and DDR Turista and I Rosadi and ME Ullah and V Jakhmola and R Zainul} } @article {1306, title = {UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS Profiling of Clerodendrum inerme and Clerodendrum splendens and Significant Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1518-1524}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1518}, abstract = {

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major problem that is spreading and increasing while the development of new antibiotics is ceasing. As a result, some bacterial infections that were easily treated previously became untreatable. The antibacterial activity of Clerodendrum inerme and Clerodendrum splendens leaves were investigated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the widely known multi-drug resistant bacterium. UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS is characterized by high sensitivity, resolution and speed for identification of plant metabolites even the minor ones. The chemical constituents of the leaves of C. inerme and C. splendens were investigated by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS metabolic analysis. Methods: The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of the leaves of the two species under investigation was evaluated against the multi-ethanol drug resistant bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis using MABA assay. The methanol extracts of the leaves of C. inerme and C. splendens were subjected to comparative UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Results: The ethanol extract of C .inerme leaves showed significant antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while that of C. splendens showed moderate activity. The UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed a total of 36 metabolites detected and tentatively identified in the two species under investigation, among them 28 chromatographic peaks were assigned in C. inerme while only 14 were assigned in these C. splendens. The main classes of secondary metabolites detected were Phenylpropanoid and, iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenoids, phenolic acid and fatty acid derivatives. Conclusion: The results of the antibacterial activity and UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/ MS analysis showed stronger activity and higher number of metabolites for C. inerme as compared to C. splendens.

}, keywords = {Clerodendrum, Diterpenoids, Iridoids, Mycobacterium, Phenyl-propanoids, UPLC profiling}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.208}, author = {Hesham I Elaskary and Omar M Sabry and Asmaa M Khalil and Soheir M El Zalabani} } @article {137, title = {Updates on Traditional Medicinal Plants for Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Pharmaceutical Journals}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {203-214}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {203}, abstract = {

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide problem primarily caused by hepatitis B and C virus infection. End stage liver cancer treatment options are limited thus requiring expensive liver transplantation which is not available in many countries. Methods: Several herbal compounds and herbal composite formulas have been studied through in-vitro and in vivo as an anti-HCC agent, enhancing our knowledge about their biological functions and targets. In this article, arecent update on the herbal medicine has been provided with reference to liver cancer. Results: For the sake of clarity, the effective herbal compounds, clinical studies of herbal composite formula, cell culture, and animal model studies safety are discussed. The effects of many herbal active compounds of Annona atemoya, Andrographis paniculata, Boerhaviadiffusa, Piper longum, Podophyllum hexandrum, Phyllanthus amarus, and Terminalia chebula, and herbal composite formula on autophagy, apoptosis, antioxidant, and inflammation characteristicshave been provided. Conclusion: This will enhance our understanding\ on the prevention and treatment of HCC by herbal active compounds\ and herbal composite formulas.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Herbs, Liver cancer, Medicine, Treatment.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.5}, author = {Shilu Mathew and Muhammad Faheem and Mohd Suhail and Kaneez Fatima and Govindaraju Archunan and Nargis Begum and Muhammad Ilyas and Esam Azhar and Ghazi Abdullah Damanhouri and Ishtiaq Qadri} }