02277nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001500195300001200210490000700222520164500229100002201874700002201896700000501918700002001923700002201943700001801965700002001983700002002003856003602023 2024 eng d00aDeterminants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Ambon, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study0 aDeterminants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Ambon Indonesia A Case cApril 2024 a410-4140 v163 a

Background: Globally, adverse birth outcomes were still high, especially in low and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Stillbirth, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and first-minute birth asphyxia are some of the adverse birth outcomes. The incidence of adverse birth in Ambon is quite high but never been any research about determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Objective: This study aims to examine the determinants of adverse birth outcomes and identify the main modifiable risk factors in Ambon. Method: This retrospective case-control study included all birth outcomes in August and September 2023 in Ambon, Indonesia. A total of 165 birth outcomes (55 cases and 110 controls) with complete information in Puskesmas and Posyandu were included in the analysis. The Chi-square test and regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between variables. Result: This study showed the impact of pregnant women's age, parity, passive smoking, ANC examination, and ANC counseling on birth outcomes. There are differences in maternal age (p=0.006; 95% CI: 1.22-6.11), parity (p=0.001; 95% CI: 1.52-8.51), passive smokers (p=0.004; 95% CI: 1.37-8.99, ANC examination (p=0.02; 95% CI: 1.08-5.01) and ANC counseling (p=0.002; 95% CI: 1.44-8.67) between case and control groups. Conclusion: Maternal age (≤ 20 and >35 years old), parity (one and ≥ 5), passive smokers, ANC examination not according to standard, and ANC counseling without a husband were associated with a high risk of all adverse birth outcomes.

1 aPaunno, Magdalena1 aAmiruddin, Ridwan1 a1 aAhmad, Mardiana1 aQue, Bertha, Jean1 aThaha, Ridwan1 aNasir, Sudirman1 aMallongi, Anwar uhttps://phcogj.com/article/2265