03105nas a2200277 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213260001900282300001200301490000700313520195700320653011702277100003402394700003202428700002902460700003102489700003902520700003102559700003702590700003302627700003002660700003302690700002902723700003902752856003602791 2025 eng d00aAntioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Chuquiraga spinosa Less. and Baccharis genistelloides (Pers.) Lam. in a Rat Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion0 aAntioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Chuquiraga spinosa Le cSeptember 2025 a620-6310 v173 a

Background: Cerebral ischemia, a leading cause of disability and mortality, is strongly related to oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting the need for neuroprotective antioxidant and cytokinemodulating agents. Objective: To characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Chuquiraga spinosa (ChS) and Baccharis genistelloides (BaG), individually and in combination, in a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. Methodology: Phytochemical screening and GC-MS were performed with antioxidant assays (ABTS•⁺, DPPH•, FRAP). Neurological deficit was assessed (Bederson scale), while histopathology, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, NOx), and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) were measured. Groups included Normal (no ischemia), Ischemia (oral placebo), Citicoline 300 mg/kg, ChS 500 mg/kg, BaG 500 mg/kg, and the oral combination ChS 500 + BaG 500 mg/kg, all administered for seven days prior to ischemia induction. Results: ChS had higher total phenolic content than BaG (p = 0.0079). GC-MS identified 23 compounds in ChS and 17 in BaG. The combination displayed greater antioxidant activity than either extract. At 24 h, ChS 500 mg/Kg and the combination reduced severe neurological deficit to 17% (vs. 83% in ischemia). Histopathology revealed less neuronal damage with the combination, comparable to ChS 500 mg/Kg. All treatments decreased MDA levels; the combination also enhanced GSH and CAT and significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusion: ChS and BaG extracts exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. Their combination shows synergistic antioxidant activity against free radicals and enhances the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, supporting a greater neuroprotective potential.

10aCerebral ischemia; neuroprotection; antioxidants; Chuquiraga spinosa Less.; Baccharis genistelloides (Pers.) Lam1 aJustil-Guerrero, Hugo, Jesús1 aArroyo-Acevedo, Jorge, Luis1 aRojas-Armas, Juan, Pedro1 aPacheco, Miriam, Palomino-1 aGarcia-Bustamante, Carlos, Orlando1 aCieza-Macedo, Edwin, Cesar1 aHuarcaya-Rojas, Jessica, Yolanda1 aTorres-Lévano, Jaime, David1 aPena-Galindo, Julio, Jose1 aFranco-Soto, Esther, Obdulia1 aChavez-Flores, Juana, E.1 aCardenas-Orihuela, Robert, Armando uhttps://phcogj.com/article/2547