<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diani Mega Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effionora Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurjanah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayun Erwina Arifianti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitor Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Brown Seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) as Lightening Ingredient</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lightening agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phloroglucinol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turbinaria conoides</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-382</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; is one of abundant brown macroalgae in Indonesian oceans contains phenolic derivatives. Phloroglucinol is a multifunctional phenolic derivative in brown algae. Phloroglucinol has been known to have activity inhibitor tyrosinase, because phloroglucinol is copper chelating agent. The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitor activities are parameters of the skin lightening active ingredient. The mechanism of tyrosinase inhibitors is to decrease skin pigmentation by inhibit the catalytic steps of the enzyme to the pigmentation associated with melanin production in the pathway of melanogenesis. Antioxidant activity protects skin against oxidative stress mediated by UVR. Numerous report have determine phenolic compound of &lt;em&gt;T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; as antioxidant but none is reported as tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study is to determine the activities of &lt;em&gt;T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; as antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; were extracted with ethanol with different concentration (30%, 50% and 70%) by maceration method. Crude ethanolic extracts of&lt;em&gt; T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; were determined its total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; E50 showed the highest total phenolic content (27.63±1.05 mg PGE/g extract). Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities of E50 showed IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 215.96 μg/mL and 188.85 μg/mL, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethanol extract of&lt;em&gt; Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; is potential as antioxidant agent and tyrosinase inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diani Mega Sari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Effionora Anwar&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurjanah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ayun Erwina Arifianti&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Master Student at Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Professor at Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Professor at Department of Aquatic Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Master at Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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