<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amaresh Parimi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silambarasan K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prashantkumar Goudappala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravi Mundugaru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Tinospora cordifolia and Azadirachta indica extracts supported by in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azadirachta indica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PTP1B</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinospora cordifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310-321</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which worsens by increased oxidative stress resulting in other diabetes associated complications. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and &lt;em&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/em&gt; (AI) are traditional medicinal plants that has been used for diabetes since ancient times, but their combined potential as a formulation has not been evaluated for the management of diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to profile the phytochemical composition of 70% hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI, assess their antioxidant and antidiabetic activity individually and in combination, and further substantiate their efficacy through in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation of their key bioactive compounds, berberine and nimbolide. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of primary and secondary metabolites, and HPTLC profiling. Five combinations of TC:AI (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1) were prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and for antidiabetic potential using α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B inhibition assays. IC&lt;sub&gt;₅₀&lt;/sub&gt; values were calculated. &lt;em&gt;In-silico&lt;/em&gt; studies were performed for berberine and nimbolide using AutoDock 4.2.6 against PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1. Drug-likeness and ADMET properties were predicted using SwissADME and pkCSM. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical profiling confirmed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. TC demonstrated stronger inherent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity than AI. Among combinations, 1:1 and 3:1 formulations showed the highest potency with IC₅₀ values comparable to standards. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of berberine and nimbolide toward PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1, while ADMET prediction indicated acceptable pharmacokinetic behaviour and good drug-likeness. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The TC:AI 1:1 formulation exhibited synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, supported by favorable &lt;em&gt;in-silico&lt;/em&gt; interactions and pharmacokinetic profiles, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic option for T2DM management.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaresh Parimi&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Silambarasan K&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Prashantkumar Goudappala&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravi Mundugaru&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy&lt;sup&gt;3*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya Medical College hospital and Research Centre, Raichur Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Molecular Biochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur–572107, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Adichunchangari Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G Nagar Mandya Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savin Chanthala Ganapathi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajendra Holla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shivaraja Shankara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravi Mundugaru</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopical Evaluation, Phytochemical Analysis and HPTLC Fingerprinting of Tuber of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. &amp; D.A.Simpson</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanol Extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPTLC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.104/index.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">657-662</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Actinoscirpus grossus&lt;/em&gt; (L.f.) Goetgh. &amp;amp; D.A.Simpson (Cyperaceae), is a Perennial with long stolons and rhizomes ending in small tubers. It is popularly known as Kasheruk in Sanskrit. The plant is traditionally used as anti-diarrheal, anti-emetic, and tonic to the liver. In order to do the detail standardization of plant macro-microscopical observation, phytochemical analysis and HPTLC Finger printing of tuber was performed according to pharmacopoeia procedure. Microscopic analysis has showed thick-walled polygonal epidermal cells of young root stalk in surface view, elongated phloem parenchyma filled with starch grains, spiral to annular vessel fragments and simple starch grains scattered all over the powder. Phytochemical analysis showed presence of carbohydrate, coumarins, flavanoids, steroid, tannin, and terpenoid. Ethanol extract of plant were fingerprinted in toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3). The developed plates were visualized in UV 254, 366, and then derivatised with vanillin sulphuric acid and scanned under UV 254 and 366 nm. These specific identities will be useful in identification and authentication of the raw drug.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">657</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Savin Chanthala Ganapathi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rajendra Holla&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Shivaraja Shankara&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana&lt;sup&gt;4*&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravi Mundugaru&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, 574327. INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018. INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, KVG Medical College &amp;amp; Hospital, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, 574327. INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 600106. INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, 574118. INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>