<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahayu Anggraini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Surini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fadlina Chany Saputri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formulation and Characterization of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) Fruit Fraction Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bitter melon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charantin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Momordica charantia Linn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solid lipid nanoparticles</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1347-1354</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The main active compound of bitter melon (&lt;em&gt;Momordica charantia&lt;/em&gt; Linn.) fruit is charantin, which is believed to have important role on antihyperglycemic effect. However, charantin compound has a large molecular weight and is easily hydrolysed when given orally. Therefore, a colloidal drug delivery system, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), is required to provide a suitable and effective delivery of charantin, which is contained in a bitter melon fraction (BMF). &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to prepare and evaluate SLN containing BMF with an appropriate characteristic for transdermal delivery. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Bitter melon fruits were extracted with ionic liquid of [BMIM]BF4 using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and fractionated with dichloromethane. Four formulas of BMF loaded SLN were prepared with various ratio of BMF to surfactant and various ratio of lipids using high-shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. The obtained SLN were characterized, including morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, the stability study of BMF-loaded SLN was also conducted.&lt;strong&gt; Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The result showed that BMF was a dry powder and brownish fraction with a specific smell. The BMF loaded SLN showed a spherical shape with the SLN F1 formula as a selected formula. The SLN F1 showed a particle size (Z-average) of 98.3±1.98 nm, polydispersity index of 0.26±0.01, zeta potential of -39.53±0.15 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 82.96±1.42 %. According to the stability study, it revealed that the BMF loaded SLN F1 had an acceptable stability, which the charantin content in the SLN was 96.52% after 3 months storage at 25°C ± 2°C.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The BMF loaded SLN F1 with 1:12 ratio of BMF to surfactant and 1:2 ratio of capric caprylic triglyceride to glyceryl monostearate was selected as the best formula with the appropriate characteristics for transdermal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1347</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rahayu Anggraini&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Silvia Surini&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Fadlina Chany Saputri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java. INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java. INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Surini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antik R Arnedy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raditya Iswandana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of Ethosome Containing Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) Fruit Fraction and In Vitro Skin Penetration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bitter melon fruits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charantin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethosomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin penetration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1242-1251</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Bitter melon fruit, which is containing charantin, has poor penetration through the skin. This problem can be solved with the lipid vesicle called ethosomes that offers better skin penetration. This study was aimed to develop ethosomes for improving skin penetration ability of charantin. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Bitter melon was extracted with ethanol 80% and fractionated with dichloromethane. Ethosomes were formulated with a various concentration equal to 2% (F1), 3% (F2) and 4% (F3) of bitter melon fruits fraction (BMFF) and prepared using thin layer hydration method. The obtained ethosomes were characterized, then the penetration study was conducted using Franz diffusion cells. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the BMFF was a dry, brown-greenish fraction and gave a positive test for a steroid. The entrapment efficiency of ethosomes F1, F2 and F3 was 91.50 ± 0.40%, 92.62 ± 0.26% and 83.85 ± 1.10%, respectively. Moreover, the particle size (Dv90) of ethosomes F1, F2 and F3 was 1083.33 ± 15.27 nm, 1736.67 ± 11.55 nm and 1976.67 ± 5.77 nm, respectively. Ethosomes F1, F2 and F3 resulted polydispersity index of 0.42 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.05 and 0.50 ± 0.11, as well as zeta potential of -54.33 ± 0.75, -57.50 ± 0.44 and -50.60 ± 0.98, respectively. Besides, all ethosomes had a spherical shape. The research revealed that ethosome F2 was the optimal ethosome among another formulas. Cumulative percentage of penetrated stigmasterol glycoside for ethosome F2 was 18.25 ± 0.08%, while the control solution did not penetrate within 20 h. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This research demonstrated that the ethosome could increase the skin penetration of stigmasterol glycoside, which is charantin content, from the fraction of bitter melon fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1242</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Silvia Surini*, Antik R. Arnedy, Raditya Iswandana &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhatih Eka Sasongko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Surini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fadlina Chany Saputri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Formulation and Characterization of Bitter Melon Extract (Momordica charantia) Loaded Phytosomes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bitter melon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Momordica charantia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytosomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thin layer method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transdermal delivery</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1235-1241</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytosomes are a novel drug delivery system that offers better absorption and bioavailability for extract or phytoconstituents. The aim of this study was developing bitter melon extract load phytosomes with appropriate characteristics for transdermal delivery.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Three formulas were developed, F1, F2 and F3 with weight ratios of extract and phosphatidylcholine were 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3, respectively. Bitter melon fruit was extracted using a maceration method and the marker compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Phytosomes were prepared using thin layer method and then characterized, in terms of morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results of pytosomes characterization reveals that the F3 was the optimal formula. It has a spherical shape, particle size (D&lt;sub&gt;V-mean&lt;/sub&gt;) was 282.3 ± 16.4 nm, zeta potential value at -39.2 ± 0.14 mV and entrapment efficiency of 90.06 ± 1.07 %. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Bitter melon extract loaded phytosomes with a weight ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:3 (F3) was selected as an optimal formula with appropriate characteristics for transdermal delivery.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1235</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rhatih Eka Sasongko&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Silvia Surini&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Fadlina Chany Saputri&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Jalan Percetakan Negara No.23, Jakarta, 10560, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thia Amalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fadlina Chany Saputri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Surini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic Contents, Quercetin Determination and Anti Elastase Activity of Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves Extract from Different Method of Extractions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Elastase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melastoma malabathricum L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercetin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124-128</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; has been detected to contain quercetin and other phenolic contents. Quercetin has been proven to have elastase inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraction method on total phenolic and quercetin contents as well as elastase inhibitory activity of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves powder was extracted by two conventional methods, maceration and reflux. Two different concentrations of ethanol were used as a solvent, 70 and 96% ethanol. Leaves were also defatted with chloroform before further extraction. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and quercetin content was determined by using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Elastase inhibitor activity of leaves extract was determined on human neutrophil elastase&lt;em&gt; in vitro.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Generally, 96% ethanol obtained higher total phenolic and quercetin content than 70% ethanol. However, defatted extract of 70% ethanol contained higher total phenolic content than defatted 96% ethanol. The highest elastase inhibitory activity of the sample was obtained from 70% ethanol extract with the value of 89.50% at 200 ppm, which is no significant difference compared to quercetin with the value of 93.86%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Extraction methods and different concentration of solvents affect the total phenolic and quercetin contents of the extracts. &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves have potential effect as anti-elastase as well as quercetin, where the anti-elastase activity of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves is not only due to quercetin.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thia Amalia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fadlina Chany Saputri&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Silvia Surini&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Graduate Programme of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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