<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issara Chummalee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Anti-tyrosinase, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Trigonostemon reidioides Extracts on Mouse Fibroblast (L929) Cells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antityrosinase activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trigonostemon reidioides (Kurz) Craib</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Trigonostemon reidioides (Kurz) Craib is a plant traditionally used for its whitening properties, although previous studies have reported some adverse effects associated with its use. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study were to investigate the antityrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, and toxicity on Mouse Fibroblast (L929) Cells of the T. reidioides extracts. The antityrosinase activity was determined using the dopachrome method, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results revealed that the ethanol extract exhibited strong antityrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 5.38 μg/ml. Furthermore, Fraction 3 and Fraction 4, which were further separated from the ethanol extract, demonstrated high antioxidant activity, with IC50 values ranging from 1.65 to 2.10 μg/ml. The hexane extract, as well as Fraction 4 and Fraction 5, exhibited low toxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 11.82 to 40.12 μg/ml. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings indicate that Fraction 4 and Fraction 5 of T. reidioides possess potent antityrosinase and antioxidant activities, while displaying low cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast (L929) cell line. Therefore, Fraction 4 and Fraction 5 hold considerable potential for further development as skin whitening agents derived from T. reidioides extracts.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Issara Chummalee, Methin Phadungkit, Pornpun Laovachirasuwan*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mahasarakham Univeristy, Maha Sarakham, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Pachyrhizus erosus Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-tyrosinase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Free radical scavenging.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pachyrhizus erosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839-842</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The storage roots of &lt;em&gt;Pachyrhizus erosus&lt;/em&gt; (PE) have been traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in Indonesia and are also consumed fresh in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, research on the biological activities of PE is limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to test the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of PE extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, the Aluminium chloride colorimetric, the DPPH scavenging, and the Dopachrome assays were used for the experiments.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The dichloromethane extract had the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 2.08 ± 0.40 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (9.93 ± 0.02 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 40 ± 0.02 μg/mL). The largest total phenolic concentration was found in the 80% ethanol extract, albeit (11.97 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g extract). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on its remarkable activities, the dichloromethane extract is recommended for future development in skinlightening products. The study's findings conclude that PE extracts may be used as an alternate source of antioxidants and anti-tyrosinase agents&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan, Methin Phadungkit*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wutthichart Fuangbangluang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atchariyaporn Phanichanaphan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issarapong Nasomroop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Development of Phyllanthus emblica Extract in Ethosomes for Hair Loss Prevention</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Entrapment efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethosomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phyllanthus emblica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-910</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hair loss is not a serious health problem but leads to decreased self- confidence, personality, and psychological problems. According to Thai traditional medical wisdom, &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;has the property to prevent hair loss. Ethosomes are a drug delivery system, which can increase drug delivery to deep skin layers and enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.&lt;strong&gt; Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This research aims to develop ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; extract with beneficial properties. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; was extracted by a maceration method with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidation activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Ethosomes were formulated by a cold method and their properties were observed. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the total phenolic content of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract was 406.37±2.39 mg GAE/g extract. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of antioxidant activity was 7.05±0.17 μg/ml. Ethosomes with 0.03% of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract, 2% of soya phosphatidylcholine, and 20% of ethanol had the highest percentage of entrapment efficiency (65.26%±1.80%). The ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract was the spherical shape and white colloid. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and pH of ethosomes were 0.43±0.00 μm, 0.44±0.03, -10.40±0.28 mV, and 4.06±0.03, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; extract had good properties and area possible alternative product for hair loss prevention.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan*, Wutthichart Fuangbangluang, Atchariyaporn Phanichanaphan, Issarapong Nasomroop, Methin Phadungkit &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham 44150, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ladachart Taepongsorat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asparagus racemosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipid profiles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malondialdehyde</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovariectomized rat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Superoxide dismutase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1036-1041</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Once rats have been ovariectomized they have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to changes in the blood cholesterol and lipid profile. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To investigate the effects of &lt;em&gt;Asparagus racemosus&lt;/em&gt; (AR) root extract on the serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized rats. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Twenty-five, two month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: SH, OVX,OEE, OAAR and OEAR. The daily doses of 500 mg/KgBW of the AR root extracts for five weeks.The levels of serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, the liver, kidney and uterine tissue lipid peroxidation and SOD levels were determined. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Serum TC and LDL showed no significant differences in any groups. Serum TG of the OAAR and OEAR groups were not significantly different. The serum HDL of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly lower than the OEE group. The liver MDA levels of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly decreased compared with the OVX and OEE groups while the SOD level of the OAAR group was significantly increased. The MDA levels in the kidney and uterine of the treated group showed no significant difference. The SOD levels in the kidney of the treated group were not different but the SOD levels in uterine were significantly decreased. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It can be believed that the lipid profiles were maybe regulated via estrogen.The AR extract has low effects on the lipid profiles at this dose and duration of treatment. The capacity of the extracts to decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD level in this study clearly reflected the antioxidant efficiency of these substances.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1036</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ladachart Taepongsorat&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Methin Phadungkit&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt; 1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surapong Rattana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamart Cushnie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ladachart Taepongsorat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Constituents and in vitro anticancer activity of  Tiliacora triandra leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro anticancer activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxoanolobine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiliacora triandra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanang.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tiliacora triandra&lt;/em&gt; (F. &lt;em&gt;Menispermaceae&lt;/em&gt;) is edible and is also known for medicinal values. The leaves are a popular flavoring in Southeast Asia, especially in the northeast of Thailand.&amp;nbsp; The objectives of this study were to determine the major constituents of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;T. triandra&lt;/em&gt;, and assess their anticancer activities against human cancer cell lines. &lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: The leaves were extracted by a soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water. Major constituents were then purified and identified using chromatographic procedures and various spectroscopic techniques.&amp;nbsp; &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; anticancer activity tests of &lt;em&gt;T. triandra&lt;/em&gt; extracts were performed by resazurinmicroplate assay (REMA), and tested with 3 cell lines: oral cavity cancer (KB), lung cancer (NCI-H187) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The result indicated that the main compound of &lt;em&gt;T. triandra&lt;/em&gt; leaves was oxoanolobine. The methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against lung cancer (NCI-H187) cell line whereas the water extract exhibited the highest activity against oral cavity cancer (KB) cell line. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of oxoanolobine against the NCI-H187 cell line was 27.60 &amp;plusmn; 4.30 &amp;micro;g/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;em&gt;T. triandra&lt;/em&gt; leaves contain oxoanolobine as the major constituent and have the potential of anticancer activity but are required to be investigated further.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surapong Rattana&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Benjamart Cushnie&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ladachart Taepongsorat&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and Methin Phadungkit&lt;sup&gt;4*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham-44150, Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2,4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham-44150, Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Meuang, MahaSarakham-44000, Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunleu Sungthong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dopachrome method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skin lightening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional skin toners</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27th Dec, 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; &lt;em&gt;Zingiber cassumunar Roxb&lt;/em&gt;., &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; Linn., &lt;em&gt;Tagetes erecta &lt;/em&gt;Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., &lt;em&gt;Cassia fistula &lt;/em&gt;Linn. and&lt;em&gt; Butea monosperma &lt;/em&gt;(Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, &lt;em&gt;P. emblica&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma &lt;/em&gt;and R. sativusvar. &lt;em&gt;Longipinnatus &lt;/em&gt;extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38&amp;plusmn;4.77, 46.92&amp;plusmn;3.77 and 42.85&amp;plusmn;6.54 %, respectively. In addition, P. &lt;em&gt;emblica &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma &lt;/em&gt;extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;values on 33.47&amp;plusmn;1.24 and 33.57&amp;plusmn;1.92 mg/mL, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of&lt;em&gt; P. emblica &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma&lt;/em&gt; show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; antioxidant activity, Dopachrome method, skin lightening, traditional skin toners, anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity, DPPH radical scavenging assay.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bunleu Sungthong* and Methin Phadungkit &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai district, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunleu Sungthong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dopachrome method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skin lightening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional skin toners</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38&amp;plusmn;4.77, 46.92&amp;plusmn;3.77 and 42.85&amp;plusmn;6.54%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC50values on 33.47&amp;plusmn;1.24 and 33.57&amp;plusmn;1.92 mg/mL, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bunleu Sungthong* and Methin Phadungkit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai district, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand&lt;/p&gt;
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