<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanayen Julius Kihdze</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajayi Abayomi Mayowa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oloro Joseph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezeonwumelu Joseph OC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanayen Grace Ghaife</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adzu Bulus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arthur van Aerschot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gert Laekeman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agaba Amon Ganafa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical and Antidiabetic Evaluation of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Spathodea campanulata (P. Beauv.) Bignoniaceae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saponins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spathodea campanulata (P. Beauv.) Bignoniaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TLC Tannins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uganda.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Spathodea campanulata (P. Beauv.) Bignoniaceae &lt;/em&gt;extract&amp;nbsp;(SCE) is one of many herbal medicines&amp;nbsp;used widely in Ugandan traditional&amp;nbsp;medicine for various ailments. Generally most of these herbal&amp;nbsp;medicines&amp;nbsp;are yet to be standardized or have their phytochemical content characterized.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified the secondary metabolites in the stem bark&amp;nbsp;methanolic extract and quantified them. The same extract was subjected&amp;nbsp;to serial solvent fractionation, TLC characterization and antidiabetic testing.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The secondary metabolites were found to comprise of 7.5% alkaloids,&amp;nbsp;10% flavonoids, 13% tannins and 17% saponins per gram of plant material.&amp;nbsp;The TLC characteristics of the fractions (hexane (HX), ethylacetate (EA)&amp;nbsp;and methanol (ME)) viewed under UV light revealed spots with the following&amp;nbsp;Rf values; the hexane partition gave HX7EA3 (0.96 and 0.68) HX9EA1&amp;nbsp;(0.68 and 0.3), EA1ME9 (0.86 and 0.58), EA3ME7 (0.87), EA7ME3 (0.85)&amp;nbsp;and EA9ME1 (0.85). The ethylacetate partition gave the following HX1EA9 (0.53, 0.34 and 0.18), HX3EA7 (0.59, 0.40 and 0.26). &lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;All the&amp;nbsp;fractions produced nominal reduction of hyperglycemia. Except hexane&amp;nbsp;fraction at 50 mg/kg and ethylacetate fraction at 200 mg/kg all the fractions&amp;nbsp;had percentage reductions of glucose greater than that of the control at&amp;nbsp;the experimental doses. Although the values of percentage reductions of&amp;nbsp;hyperglycemia by the hexane fraction were apparently dose-dependent,&amp;nbsp;the greatest margin of reduction of hyperglycemia was observed in the&amp;nbsp;residual aqueous fraction. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;It was found that SCE contains&amp;nbsp;valuable phytochemicals in appreciable quantities which are antidiabetic.&amp;nbsp;The residual aqueous fraction is the most potent antihyperglycemic of the&amp;nbsp;solvent fractions.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tanayen Julius Kihdze&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ajayi Abayomi Mayowa&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Oloro Joseph&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ezeonwumelu Joseph OC&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Tanayen Grace Ghaife&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Adzu Bulus&lt;sup&gt;3,4&lt;/sup&gt;, Arthur van Aerschot&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Gert Laekeman&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Agaba Amon Ganafa&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410 Mbarara, UGANDA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Kampala International University, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research (KIU-CAMRES) group.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) PMB 21 Abuja, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kampala International University Bushenyi, UGANDA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;KU Leuven&amp;ndash;University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences 3000 BELGIUM.&lt;/p&gt;
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