<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Iyad bin Ramzi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Hazzim bin Kosnin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghasak Ghazi Faisal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Hafiz Arzmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisa Kusumawardani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASM Sabere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essam A Makky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OE Ibrahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghasak Ghazi Faisal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Hafiz Arzmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisa Kusumawardani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASM Sabere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essam A Makky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OE Ibrahim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) Root Extract on salivary S. Mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida Albicans Isolated from High-Risk Caries Adult Patients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurycoma longifolia Jack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salivary isolate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">787-791</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Introduction: The roots of &lt;em&gt;E. longifolia jack&lt;/em&gt; (E.L.) or Tongkat Ali have been used in traditional medicine as well as supplements and food additives. Many chemical compounds have been detected in extracts of its roots which are believed to be responsible for its medicinal properties. In this study, our objectives were to study the effects of EL root extracts on the growth of &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus Mutans, Lactobacillus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Candida Albicans &lt;/em&gt;isolated from saliva of adult patients with high caries risk. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The ethanolic extract of the root of this plant was tested against saliva isolated &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus Mutans, Lactobacillus&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; Candida Albicans&lt;/em&gt; via disc diffusion assay at a concentration of 200mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out by the standard broth microdilution method. Cell viability of test microorganisms against different concentration of the extract and inhibition zones were calculated.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Disk diffusion assay showed positive zones of inhibition for all test microorganisms with &lt;em&gt;S. mutans, Lactobacillus &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt; exhibiting zones of inhibition of 8.3 ± 0.7mm, 12.4 ± 2.4mm and 21.4 ± 2.7mm respectively. For minimum inhibitory concentration, the test microorganisms were tested at concentration of 250mg/ mL, 125mg/mL, 62.5mg/mL, 31.3mg/mL and 0mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration showed that MIC of S. mutans was at 62.5mg/mL, Lactobacillus at 125mg/mL and C. albicans at 31.3mg/mL. Lastly, the cell viability results supported the MIC determined prior. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethanol-based &lt;em&gt;E.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;longifolia Jack&lt;/em&gt; root extract has an antimicrobial effect on the following microorganisms isolated from the saliva of high-risk caries adult patients: &lt;em&gt;S. mutans, Lactobacillus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;C. albicans.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">787</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muhamad Iyad bin Ramzi1, Muhammad Hazzim bin Kosnin&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ghasak Ghazi Faisal&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Anisa Kusumawardani&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, ASM Sabere&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Essam A. Makky&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, O.E. Ibrahim&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Kuliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kuliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Industrial Sciences &amp;amp; Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irani Binti Alloha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurul ‘Ain Liyana Binti Aziz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghasak Ghazi Faisal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zurainie Abllah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Hafiz Arzmi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) Alcoholic Root Extract Against Oral Pathogens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antifungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Candida albicans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eurycoma longifolia Jack</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lactobacillus casei.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus mutans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1299-1302</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Eurycoma longifolia jack (E.L) is a herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognized as ‘Tongkat Ali.’ The plant roots have been scientifically proven to have many biological effects including antibacterial activity however, no previous research to date has studied the effect on oral pathogens including cariogenic bacteria. This study was done to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of E.L. root extract against three common oral pathogens. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The microorganisms used were &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus casei.&lt;/em&gt; E.L root was extracted using soxhlet method. Disc diffusion assay was conducted using extract concentration of 200 mg/ml. Nystatin and Ampicillin were used as positive control for fungal and bacterial tests respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was done to determine the lowest inhibitory concentration of the extract on the microorganisms. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;E.L extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 200 mg/ ml with a zone of inhibition of 16.0 ± 3.0 mm and 7.0 ± 1.0 mm respectively. There was no antimicrobial effect of the extract on Lactobacillus casei. The MIC of E.L extract against both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was 25 mg/ml. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The results from this study revealed the potential use of Eurycoma longifolia jack as an antimicrobial agent which can be used to produce new oral care products.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1299</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Irani Binti Alloha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurul ‘Ain Liyana Binti Aziz&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ghasak Ghazi Faisal&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Zurainie Abllah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Students, Kuliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Lecturer, Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences Department Kuliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Paediatric Dentistry and dental public health, IIUM, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>