<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bianca Priscilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Media Fitri Isma Nugraha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hessy Novita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant and Antibacterial Assay Against Fish Pathogen Bacteria of Kjellbergiodendron celebicum (Koord.) Merr. Leaf Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aeromonas hydrophila</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwardsiella ictaluri</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavobacterium columnare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maceration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical compound</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February  2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173-179</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Kjellbergiodendron celebicum&lt;/em&gt; (Koord.) Merr. (local name: tombe uwa) is a plant endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, and grows around lakes or aquatic environments where fish live. Based on phytochemical screening in previous studies, i.e. methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Kjellbergiodendron celebicum&lt;/em&gt; (Koord.) Merr., the methanol extract gives positive results containing polyphenol compounds in the flavonoid group which have been known to have strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To test the effectiveness of the comparison of the natural content in the compounds (antibacterial and antioxidant properties) and the total content of phenol in &lt;em&gt;Kjellbergiodendron celebicum &lt;/em&gt;(Koord.) Merr., which was extracted using two methods, i.e. maceration and Ultrasonic- Assisted Extraction (UAE), in fish-disease bacteria. &lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;The leaves were separated to be extracted with two different methods: maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). Extracts were first screened qualitatively for antioxidant activity and then quantified with respect to &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;antioxidant activity using the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antibacterial activity was determined by the paper disc diffusion method and microdilution.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;70% Ethanol in leaves extract of &lt;em&gt;Kjellbergiodendron celebicum&lt;/em&gt; (Koord.) Merr. The extract which has the highest activity based on the DPPH test and FRAP test is the extract from UAE extraction with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 9.81512 μg/mL and ferrous equivalent antioxidant capacity (FeEAC) value of 1.661.3 μmol/gr. UAE method also has a higher potential in antibacterial activity based on the diffusion method of paper discs and microdilution with the MIC obtained as much as 390.6 μg/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; the UAE extraction method is better at scanning polyphenol compounds compared to the conventional maceration extraction method. Therefore, the results of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity using the UAE method are better than the maceration method.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bianca Priscilia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Media Fitri Isma Nugraha&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Hessy Novita&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Indonesian Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture – the Ministry Marine and Fisheries, Jl. Perikanan No 13 Pancoran Mas Depok 16438 PO BOX 06 West Java INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Installation Pathology and Fish Disease – Ministry Marine and Fisheries. Jl Perikanan No 13 A Pancoran Mas Depok West Java INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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