<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rattazart Denchai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somsak Nualkaew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nopphawan Pornsiri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chonlada Judprakop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surapong Rattana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory Activity, Toxicity Assessment and GC-MS Chemical Profiling of Cha-Nu-Ruk Traditional Thai Herbal Poultice for Knee Pain Management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbal poultice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knee pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thai traditional medicine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-35</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Thai Traditional herbal medicine employs multi-herb formulations for managing inflammatory conditions. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties, cytotoxicity, and chemical composition of Cha-Nu-Ruk, an eight-herb traditional poultice formulation for knee pain. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Eight medicinal plants (&lt;em&gt;Tiliacora triandra, Thunbergia laurifolia, Azadirachta indica, Clinacanthus nutans, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Justicia gendarussa, Sida acuta,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Zingiber cassumunar&lt;/em&gt;) were extracted with 70% ethanol. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through nitric oxide inhibition assay using Jurkat cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT assay. Chemical profiling employed GC-MS analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Individual plant extracts demonstrated variable anti-inflammatory activity (NO inhibition: 28.52-73.80%) with &lt;em&gt;Clinacanthus nutans &lt;/em&gt;showing highest potency. The combined eight-herb formulation yielded 11.82±0.41% extraction efficiency with 26.2% NO inhibition. GC-MS analysis identified 21 compounds, with DMPBD (19.13% relative abundance) and β-sitosterol (1.13%). Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed acceptable safety profiles (&amp;gt;80% cell viability) for most extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; While individual herbs showed promising anti-inflammatory potential, the traditional eight-herb combination did not demonstrate synergistic enhancement. Chemical standardization revealed significant batch-to-batch variability, highlighting the need for optimized formulation ratios and quality control protocols.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rattazart Denchai&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Somsak Nualkaew&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Pornpun Laovachirasuwan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nopphawan Pornsiri&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Chonlada Judprakop4, Surapong Rattana&lt;sup&gt;5*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phanakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Science, Faculty of Education, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, 48000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonesay Thammavong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khwanruan Naksuwankul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sounantha suvanlasy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theera Rittirod</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weerapong Prasongchean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jidapha Sangmahachai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutthipong Chiangtong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panwad Lerdpiriyasakulkit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burin T. Sriwong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piyachet Jatuten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Phellinus rimosus Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nitric oxide inhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phellinus rimosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181-186</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phellinus rimosus&lt;/em&gt; is a medicinal mushroom with potential bioactive properties, although scientific evidence supporting its pharmacological activities remains limited.&lt;strong&gt; Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of &lt;em&gt;P. rimosus&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Statistical analysis was performed at P &amp;lt; 0.05. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The ethanolic extract contained significantly higher TPC (361.04 ± 5.69 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (646.55 ± 6.29 mg RE/g extract) than the aqueous extract. It exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC&lt;sub&gt;₅₀&lt;/sub&gt; values of 9.56 ± 0.47 μg/mL (DPPH) and 5.40 ± 0.06 μg/mL (ABTS), and a FRAP value of 52.39 ± 0.25 mM Fe&lt;sup&gt;²⁺&lt;/sup&gt;/100 mg extract. The ethanolic extract also significantly inhibited NO production (IC&lt;sub&gt;₅₀&lt;/sub&gt; = 54.40 ± 2.35 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity, whereas the aqueous extract showed no inhibitory effect. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The ethanolic extract of&lt;em&gt; P. rimosus&lt;/em&gt; demonstrates notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may serve as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sonesay Thammavong&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Khwanruan Naksuwankul&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Sounantha suvanlasy&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Theera Rittirod&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Weerapong Prasongchean&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Jidapha Sangmahachai&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Sutthipong Chiangtong&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Panwad Lerdpiriyasakulkit&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Burin T. Sriwong&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Piyachet Jatuten&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Methin Phadungkit&lt;sup&gt;4*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, LAOS PDR.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Nakhonratchasima College, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Moryathai 101 Co., Ltd., THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issara Chummalee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Anti-tyrosinase, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Trigonostemon reidioides Extracts on Mouse Fibroblast (L929) Cells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antityrosinase activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trigonostemon reidioides (Kurz) Craib</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302-306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Trigonostemon reidioides (Kurz) Craib is a plant traditionally used for its whitening properties, although previous studies have reported some adverse effects associated with its use. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study were to investigate the antityrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, and toxicity on Mouse Fibroblast (L929) Cells of the T. reidioides extracts. The antityrosinase activity was determined using the dopachrome method, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results revealed that the ethanol extract exhibited strong antityrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 5.38 μg/ml. Furthermore, Fraction 3 and Fraction 4, which were further separated from the ethanol extract, demonstrated high antioxidant activity, with IC50 values ranging from 1.65 to 2.10 μg/ml. The hexane extract, as well as Fraction 4 and Fraction 5, exhibited low toxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 11.82 to 40.12 μg/ml. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings indicate that Fraction 4 and Fraction 5 of T. reidioides possess potent antityrosinase and antioxidant activities, while displaying low cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast (L929) cell line. Therefore, Fraction 4 and Fraction 5 hold considerable potential for further development as skin whitening agents derived from T. reidioides extracts.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">302</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Issara Chummalee, Methin Phadungkit, Pornpun Laovachirasuwan*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mahasarakham Univeristy, Maha Sarakham, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Pachyrhizus erosus Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-tyrosinase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Free radical scavenging.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pachyrhizus erosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839-842</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The storage roots of &lt;em&gt;Pachyrhizus erosus&lt;/em&gt; (PE) have been traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in Indonesia and are also consumed fresh in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, research on the biological activities of PE is limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to test the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of PE extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, the Aluminium chloride colorimetric, the DPPH scavenging, and the Dopachrome assays were used for the experiments.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The dichloromethane extract had the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 2.08 ± 0.40 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (9.93 ± 0.02 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 40 ± 0.02 μg/mL). The largest total phenolic concentration was found in the 80% ethanol extract, albeit (11.97 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g extract). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on its remarkable activities, the dichloromethane extract is recommended for future development in skinlightening products. The study's findings conclude that PE extracts may be used as an alternate source of antioxidants and anti-tyrosinase agents&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan, Methin Phadungkit*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wutthichart Fuangbangluang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atchariyaporn Phanichanaphan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Issarapong Nasomroop</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Development of Phyllanthus emblica Extract in Ethosomes for Hair Loss Prevention</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Entrapment efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethosomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phyllanthus emblica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-910</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hair loss is not a serious health problem but leads to decreased self- confidence, personality, and psychological problems. According to Thai traditional medical wisdom, &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;has the property to prevent hair loss. Ethosomes are a drug delivery system, which can increase drug delivery to deep skin layers and enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.&lt;strong&gt; Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This research aims to develop ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; extract with beneficial properties. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; was extracted by a maceration method with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidation activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Ethosomes were formulated by a cold method and their properties were observed. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the total phenolic content of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract was 406.37±2.39 mg GAE/g extract. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of antioxidant activity was 7.05±0.17 μg/ml. Ethosomes with 0.03% of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract, 2% of soya phosphatidylcholine, and 20% of ethanol had the highest percentage of entrapment efficiency (65.26%±1.80%). The ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica &lt;/em&gt;extract was the spherical shape and white colloid. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and pH of ethosomes were 0.43±0.00 μm, 0.44±0.03, -10.40±0.28 mV, and 4.06±0.03, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The ethosomes of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; extract had good properties and area possible alternative product for hair loss prevention.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan*, Wutthichart Fuangbangluang, Atchariyaporn Phanichanaphan, Issarapong Nasomroop, Methin Phadungkit &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham 44150, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;
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