<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mally Ghinan Sholih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitya Nurul Fadilah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maya Arfania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surya Amal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedy Frianto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lina Aliyani Mardiana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diany Astuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dadang Muhammad Hasyim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Antidiarrheal, Antispasmodic, and Antisecretory Activities of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata Leaves in Animal Models</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castanopsis costata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diarrhea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Sumatra.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traditional medicine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31-37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The use of traditional medicinal plants &lt;em&gt;Castanopsis costata &lt;/em&gt;in the management of diarrhea is an ancient practice in North Sumatra, Indonesia, but its safety and efficacy have not been examined scientifically in animal models. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effect of &lt;em&gt;C. costata&lt;/em&gt; leaf extract and fractions&lt;em&gt; in vivo&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated against animal models of diarrhea induced by castor oil, charcoal meal, and entero-pooling test. The extract group received doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, while the fraction groups was treated with WFCC, EAFCC, and nHFCC, in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The negative control received 10 mL/kg of the dissolving vehicle, while the positive was treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg.&lt;strong&gt; Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The results showed that EECC doses of 200 mg/kg, WFCC, and EAFCC at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea, while WFCC and EAFCC at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the amount of wet feces output and total feces output. In addition, only WFCC and EAFCC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) significantly reduced the mean weight of wet feces and total feces. The percentage of maximum diarrhea inhibition was observed at the EAFCC dose of 100 mg/kg. Based on the charcoal meal test results, only EAFCC significantly inhibited the distance traveled by charcoal meal and reduced the peristaltic index at a dose of 100 mg/kg, while the percentage decrease in gastrointestinal motility was 46.87%. Similarly, in the entero-pooling test, WFCC and EAFCC significantly reduced the volume and weight of intestinal contents at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results confirm that the extract and fractions of &lt;em&gt;C. costata&lt;/em&gt; have antidiarrheal activity. Therefore, this study provides scientific support for the traditional use of &lt;em&gt;C. costata&lt;/em&gt; in treating diarrhea.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Mally Ghinan Sholih&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nitya Nurul Fadilah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Maya Arfania&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Surya Amal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Dedy Frianto&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Lina Aliyani Mardiana&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Diany Astuti&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Dadang Muhammad Hasyim&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Diploma Program of Pharmacy, Karsa Husada Garut College of Health Sciences, Garut, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Himyatul Hidayah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surya Amal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Yuniarsih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farhamzah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anggun Hari Kusumawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neni Sri Gunarti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ermi Abriyani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iin Lidia Putama Mursal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adinda Khansa Sundara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun Protection Factor Activity of Jamblang Leaves Serum Extract (Syzygium cumini)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun protection factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syzygium cumini</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultraviolet.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134-140</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The development of serum preparations containing natural ingredients for sun protection is growing rapidly. Jamblang (&lt;em&gt;Syzygium cumini&lt;/em&gt;) leaves are rich in phenolic compounds that can inhibit free radicals causing premature aging. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential of &lt;em&gt;S. cumin&lt;/em&gt;i serum extract as sun protection. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract was prepared and included in the serum base. The formulations were evaluated for rheological, pH, dispersion coefficient, and stability examinations. Furthermore, Sun Protection Factor was tested using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The test of phytochemical compounds showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, quinones, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. The result also showed that all serum formulations met the predetermined requirements. Furthermore, the extract has protective activity against ultraviolet rays, which was indicated by the SPF value. The higher the dose of &lt;em&gt;S. cumini&lt;/em&gt; extracts in the serum formulation, the higher the value obtained. Formulations 1, 2, and 3 have SPF of 9.35±0.11, 13.26±0.16, and 26.05±0.31, respectively. This indicates that they all met the Indonesian National Standard, that a sun protection preparation must have a minimum protection factor of 4. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;S. cumini&lt;/em&gt; extract serum has the potential to be developed as a new sun protection agent against ultraviolet radiation. However, further studies are still needed to determine the mechanism of its constituent active compounds.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Himyatul Hidayah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Surya Amal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nia Yuniarsih&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Farhamzah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Anggun Hari Kusumawati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Neni Sri Gunarti&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ermi Abriyani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Iin Lidia Putama Mursal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Adinda Khansa Sundara&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Student of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Yuniarsih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afiat Berbudi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anas Subarnas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimalaria Activities of Several Active Compounds from Medicinal Plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-252</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The growth and spread of resistance to all first-line antimalarial drugs used in the treatment of malaria today has caused many problems in eradicating malaria in various countries in the world. Researchers have begun to look for candidates for new antimalarial drug compounds derived from natural products that have been scientifically proven to have antimalarial activity. This is done to replace antimalarial drugs that are currently experiencing resistance. Some active compounds that have been successfully isolated from various plants, including curcumin, kaempferol, piperine, andrographolide, α-mangostin, catechin, luteolin and betulinic acid, have been scientifically tested to have antimalarial activity with different mechanisms of action.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Malaria, Antimalarial, Curcumin, Kaempferol, Piperine, Andrographolide, α-Mangostin, Catechin, Luteolin, Betulinic acid.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Nia Yuniarsih&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Afiat Berbudi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Anas Subarnas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Buana Perjuangan Karawang University, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afiat Berbudi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anas Subarnas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Experimental Cerebral Malaria of Curcumin and Kaempferol in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood-brain barrier.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral malaria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaempferol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurkumin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei Anka</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-911</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/em&gt; infection and the leading cause of death from malaria in endemic areas. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have become valuable alternative therapeutic options in CM treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and kaempferol in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice infected with &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;ANKA (PbA). &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; After PbA infection, mice were divided into 9 groups, namely Group I (negative control (NC)) with 0.5% HPMC, Group II received chloroquine 20 mg/kg, Group III (normal) with aquadest, Groups IV, V, and VI received curcumin at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, Groups VII, VIII, and IX received kaempferol at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. The antimalarial activity was evaluated using Peter's four-day suppressive test. This was conducted to determine the % parasitemia, survival rate, AST and ALT, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and neurobehavioral disorders in mice with CM. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that all treatments had significant antimalarial activity, with the % suppression depending on the dose. It also indicates that PbA-infected mice had a survival rate of 11-19 days after infection, which was higher than those in the NC group. This suggested that curcumin and kaempferol have a protective effect on the survival of PbA-infected mice. Furthermore, they significantly reduced the AST and ALT concentrations in the sample compared to the NC group. The same was observed in cerebral vessel extravasation, where the Evans Blue stain assay showed significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of PbA-infected mice treated with curcumin and kaempferol. This indicated better-protected integrity of the BBB. Additionally, the results also demonstrated a decrease in neurological disorders arising during ECM in the group treated with curcumin and kaempferol. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Considering these results, it is concluded that treatments with curcumin and kaempferol could improve animal survival, prevent AST and ALT elevations, as well as protect the BBB and neurobehavioral disorders associated with CM in PbA-infected mice.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Afiat Berbudi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Anas Subarnas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dani Sujana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dadang Muhammad Hasyim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mareetha Zahra Shafirany</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lela Sulastri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maya Arfania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedy Frianto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farhamzah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anggun Hari Kusumawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nia Yuniarsih</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic Activity of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata Leaves on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castanopsis costata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes mellitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North Sumatra.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1589-1593</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In North Sumatra, Castanopsis costata is commonly used by traditional practitioners for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, however, no studies have been carried out to substantiate this practice. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of extract and fractions of C. costata leaves in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Swiss albino mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, were acquired and subjected to the experimental evaluations. Subsequently, the fasting blood glucose levels of the diabetic mice groups treated with glibenclamid, extract and fractions, as well as the untreated group, were evaluated after two weeks of therapy. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the results, the ethanolic extract of C. costata considerably reduced the mice’s blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner, at dosages of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW (% DBGL: 21.10%, 46.36%, 58.94%, and 60.93%, respectively). In addition, the water fraction of C. costata leaves produced a greater reduction in blood glucose levels (% DBGL: 78.93%), compared to the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions (% DBGL: 67.06% and 58.83%), respectively. Meanwhile, treatment with the antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (5 mg/kgBW) produced a 50.75% reduction in blood glucose levels. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the findings, the extract and fractions of C. costata leaves were concluded to exhibit significant anti-diabetic activity. This supported the claim that traditional practitioners in North Sumatra use the plant extract for diabetes treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1589</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Dani Sujana&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Dadang Muhammad Hasyim&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mareetha Zahra Shafirany&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Lela Sulastri&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Maya Arfania&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Dedy Frianto&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Farhamzah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Anggun Hari Kusumawati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nia Yuniarsih&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Buana Perjuangan Karawang University, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Diploma Program of Pharmacy, Karsa Husada Garut College of Health Sciences, Garut, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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