<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed Saarti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musab M Khalaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeina A. Althanoon</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-Nutritive Sweeteners Modulated Creatinine and Urea Levels in White Albino Rats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acesulfame-K</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artificial Sweeteners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspartame</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-nutritive sweeteners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saccharine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sucralose</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">422-425</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Artificial sweeteners, also known as nonnutritive sweeteners have many benefits like low calories count. It is frequently used for reducing weight, controlling blood sugar levels and decreasing the chances of dental decay. This study evaluated the effects of NNS in the kidney function. Using the blood sample of the albino rats, the level of creatinine and urea was calculated after the use of NNS for 3 weeks. 70 rats were equally divided into 7 groups. The groups were given Stevia 200mg/kg/day, 10% solution of sucrose, Sucralose 3g/kg/day, Saccharine, Aspartame 250mg/kg/day and Acesulfame-k 250mg/kg/day respectively. In the controlled group, distilled water was used as a placebo. The results indicated that saccharin and aspartame both caused the urea to increase to 37±0.5 mg/dl from initial 30±1.5mg/dl and acesulfame-k represented the most increase in the urea, which elevated the levels from 30 mg/dl to 38±1.5 mg/dl. Additionally, saccharine and aspartame increased the creatinine levels from from 0.1 to 0.85±0.05 mg/ dl and sucralose elevated the level of creatinine from 0.1 mg/dl to 1.3±0.2 mg/dl. In the stevia group, the results remained the same as in the controlled group. This indicates the nephrotoxic effects of NNS and proves Stevia safe for the daily use as an alternative.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">422</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mohammed Saarti, Musab M Khalaf, Zeina A. Althanoon*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, IRAQ.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed D Mahmood</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed A. Younes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed Saarti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathophysiological Electrolyte Changes Connoted via Antagonism of Serotonin Receptor in Experimental Animals</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aripiprazole</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calcium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chloride</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrolyte</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potassium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risperidone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sodium</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">548-552</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Atypical antipsychotics are a subclass of antipsychotics that have emerged primarily since the 1970s for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. They are sometimes referred to as second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Several atypical antipsychotics have received regulatory approval for the treatment of disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, irritability in autism, and as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorders. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives&lt;/strong&gt;: The purpose of the following study was to evaluate the effect of two widely known atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole, and risperidone, on pathophysiological fluctuations in electrolytes. Several other studies were based on the following ideas, which brought a variety of different perspectives. As can be seen in the following evaluation, although atypical antipsychotics reduce the chance of extrapyramidal symptoms, it leads to impairment of renal function and destruction of renal histo-morphology. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Thirty rats (10 per group) were used for this study, control group received normal saline, aripiprazole group received 10mg/kg//day, and risperidone group received 20mg/kg//day. The duration of therapy was long up to 3 months. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;the results confirmed that both drugs reduced plasma sodium and chloride concentration with no effects on plasma potassium and calcium concentration. Moreover, the histomorphology at microscopic level shown no defects after 3 months of therapy.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: the outcome confirmed no deleterious defects associated with aripiprazole and risperidone when used for 3 months.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">548</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mohammed D Mahmood*, Mohammed A. Younes, Mohammed Saarti&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, IRAQ.&lt;/p&gt;
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