<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahwan Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridwan Amiruddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.Arsunan Arsin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stang Stang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasanuddin Ishak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yahya Thamrin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwar Mallongi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial Potential of Durian (Durio zibethinus murr.) Waste as an Alternative Disinfectant in Raw Drinking Water - A Literature Review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255-262</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Efforts continue to be made to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in drinking water by using safer disinfection materials. The use of local plants as disinfection materials is highly desirable. The durian plant (Durio zibethinus) can be a very promising alternative as a natural disinfection agent to destroy pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. This narrative review comes from three online journal databases that provide free journal articles in PDF format, collected over the last ten years. The main keywords in conducting a literature review through online journals are &quot;Durian, Durio Zibethinus, antibacterial, disinfectant, drinking water&quot;. Of the 5,693 journals identified in the three databases, 21 studies remained that met the requirements for inclusion in this review. This included study illustrates that fruit rind, seed, and leaf extracts from the durian plant have antimicrobial properties. Durian plants have antibacterial active compounds such as phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The antimicrobial potential tested using the diffusion and dilution method indicated that the presence of antimicrobial ingredients in the durian plant extraction was in the strong category. Some pathogenic bacteria in water that can be inhibited or killed are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphilococcus aureus, Shigella boydii and Salmonella Typhi. This shows that there is an opportunity for the durian plant to provide a solution and great hope as a safe and economical alternative disinfection material as a replacement for current disinfection materials. Index terms: Durian (Durio zibethinus), antibacterial, disinfectant, drinking water.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">255</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rahwan Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Ridwan Amiruddin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, A.Arsunan Arsin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Stang Stang&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hasanuddin Ishak&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Yahya Thamrin&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Anwar Mallongi&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program, School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biostatistics and Demographics, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahwan Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridwan Amiruddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.Arsunan Arsin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stang Stang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasanuddin Ishak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wahiduddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gemini Alam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bambang Wispriyono</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwar Mallongi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Durian (Durio Zibethinus murr.) Soya Varieties Against Pathogen Bacteria Escherichia Coli in Raw Drinking Water</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durian (Durio zibethinus) Soya variety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">raw drinking water.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">933-941</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit skin contains antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial content in durian skin (Durio zibethinus) such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa and Staphylococcus aureus and act as a disinfection agent. This research aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Soya durian peel against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This type of research is a laboratory experiment, including making Soya durian peel extract using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the liquid dilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) value and the solid dilution method to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on qualitative phytochemical screening, Soya durian peel ethanol extract contains secondary metabolite compounds with an average content of 4.24% alkaloids, 22.95% flavonoids, 1.74% saponins, 57.41% phenols and 2.27% tannins. Soya durian peel extract has an MIC against E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria of 3.12%, while the MBC value of Soya durian peel extract against E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria is 6.25%. The results of the One Way ANOVA analysis of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) data have a significant value of 0.00 &amp;lt; 0.05. The results of the Pearson correlation test (r) showed a significant number of 0.000 (p &amp;lt; 0.05), the Pearson correlation coefficient between concentration and number of bacterial colonies was (r) = 0.812. This means that the higher the concentration of Soya durian peel ethanol extract given, the less the number of E.coli ATCC 2592 bacterial colonies will be reduced. The results of a simple linear regression test showed that the value of Y = 245.618 – 29.016 245,618 colonies and each increase in the concentration of Soya durian peel ethanol extract by 1% will cause a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies to 29,016 colonies. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Soya durian skin extract has antibacterial compounds that can kill pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria in raw drinking water.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">933</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rahwan Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Ridwan Amiruddin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, A.Arsunan Arsin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Stang Stang&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hasanuddin Ishak&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Wahiduddin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Gemini Alam&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Bambang Wispriyono&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Anwar Mallongi&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program, School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar; Maluku Health Polytechnic, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health,&amp;nbsp;Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of&amp;nbsp;Biostatistics and Demographics, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health,&amp;nbsp;Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of&amp;nbsp;Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Departmen of Environmental Health Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Indonesia University, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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