<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nahid Mahmoud Hassan El-Ameen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asaad Khalid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatima Elfatih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mona Awad Kamel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassem Yousif Sheikh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-diabetic Properties of Thymoquinone is unassociated with Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibition</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Docking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptozotocin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thymoquinone.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">406-410</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/em&gt; L. (Black seed), is commonly used by traditional healers as a remedy for more than four thousand years. The antidiabetic property of &lt;em&gt;N. sativa&lt;/em&gt; seeds oil is attributable to the presence of Thymoquinone (TQ). On the other hand many studies have been designed to investigate the possible effects of the TQ in Streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetes in rats. &lt;strong&gt;Aim of the study: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the glucose lowering effects of thymoquinone. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in silico&lt;/em&gt; using glycogen phosphorylase (GPa) enzyme assay and docking tools were used. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Oral administration of TQ for 60 days, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats. GPa activity was measured in the direction of glycogen synthesis by the release of phosphate from glucose-1-phosphate. TQ at a concentration of 0.05 Mm inhibits GPa activity by only 14.9%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results show that TQ at 60 mg/kg b.w is associated with potential antihyperglycemic effects. Furthermore, anti-diabetic properties of TQ are unassociated with glycogen phosphorylase inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">406</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nahid Mahmoud Hassan El-Ameen&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Asaad Khalid&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fatima Elfatih&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mona Awad Kamel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and Bassem Yousif Sheikh&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Research Unit, Researcher at Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Centre for Research, P. O. Box 2420 Khartoum, Sudan.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Surgery, MABL Chair, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassem Yousef Sheikh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waleed Syaed Koko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Entamoeba histolytica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giardia lamblia.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nigella sativa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prophetic Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thymoquinone</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168-170</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Parasitic infections are a major difficulty in tropical and subtropical countries. Traditionally medicinal plants have been used in folk medicine to treat parasitic infections and are a valuable source of novel anti-parasitics. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In our search for therapeutic alternatives to anti- protozoal chemotherapy, thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Black cumin (Nigella sativa) was examined. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Thymoquinone was tested against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia using in vitro susceptibility assays and the mortality of the parasites were then obtained using the standard calculations. The compound was also tested for 48 and 72 hours on both parasites. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study indicate that the mortality of TQ showed 85.5%, 91.5% and 96.8% mortality on E. histolytica for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC50 2&amp;yen;10-19,. On the other hand, this natural compound showed a mortality of 82.83%, 91.76% and 96.62% mortality on G. lamblia for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC50 4.8&amp;yen;10-5. Metrondizole powder gave 70.9% mortality at 156 ppm at the same times.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current results indicate that TQ is more potent on E. histolytica compared to G. lamblia. Further pharmacological studies were needed to help in the clinical presentation of thymoquinone.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bassem Yousef Sheikh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt; Waleed Syaed Koko&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Al-Moalim MA Bin Ladin (MABL) chair for Scientific Miracles of Prophetic Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Unit of Biomedical Research, Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 Jazan, Jazan 45142, SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology, Medicinal and Aromatic Research Institute, National Research Centre, Khartoum, SAUDI ARABIA. 4Unit of Biomedical Research, Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 Jazan, Jazan 45142, SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syam Mohan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamed Karimian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) In Hepg2 and WRL68 Cells Line</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shammah.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smokeless tobacco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Absue Research Centre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29th Apr, 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [Smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle east specially Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The cytotoxicity of Sudanese and Yemenis ST hexane and methanol extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Annexin-V assay has been used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Luminescence based assay also been conducted to check the level of caspases enzyme. The involvement of cell cycle check point arrest has been performed using flow cytometry analysis. The current study found that ST has the capacity to induce cell toxicity in human liver cells. The inhibitory capacity of ST in HepG2 and WRL 68 has been found to be 151 &amp;plusmn; 2.5 and 305 &amp;plusmn; 11.5 &amp;mu;g/ml for 24 h. An early apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was observed by annexin V assay, which clearly exhibited significantly increased early and late apoptosis phases both at 24 and 48 h. Both the caspases-8 and-9 level was found to be increased by the introduction of ST to HepG2 cells significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover the ST extract was able to arrest the cell cycle check point at G2/M phase. A significantly increasing pattern of hypodiploid phases of cells also been observed, which confirm the apoptosis induction again. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the ST, which is used as a euphoritic substance of abuse also, has significant level of toxicity in human cells. Moreover the mode of cell death was found to be though programmed cell death which is closely associated with cell cycle arrest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatotoxicity,&lt;em&gt; In vitro&lt;/em&gt; models, Saudi Arabia, Smokeless tobacco, Substance Absue Research Centre, Shammah.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Syam Mohan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and Hamed Karimian&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Research Center, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syam Mohan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamed Karimian</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) In Hepg2 and WRL68 Cells Line</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shammah</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smokeless tobacco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Absue Research Centre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [Smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle east specially Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The cytotoxicity of Sudanese and Yemenis ST hexane and methanol extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Annexin-V assay has been used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Luminescence based assay also been conducted to check the level of caspases enzyme. The involvement of cell cycle check point arrest has been performed using flow cytometry analysis. The current study found that ST has the capacity to induce cell toxicity in human liver cells. The inhibitory capacity of ST in HepG2 and WRL 68 has been found to be 151 &amp;plusmn; 2.5 and 305 &amp;plusmn; 11.5 &amp;mu;g/ml for 24 h. An early apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was observed by annexin V assay, which clearly exhibited significantly increased early and late apoptosis phases both at 24 and 48 h. Both the caspases-8 and-9 level was found to be increased by the introduction of ST to HepG2 cells significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover the ST extract was able to arrest the cell cycle check point at G2/M phase. A significantly increasing pattern of hypodiploid phases of cells also been observed, which confirm the apoptosis induction again. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the ST, which is used as a euphoritic substance of abuse also, has significant level of toxicity in human cells. Moreover the mode of cell death was found to be though programmed cell death which is closely associated with cell cycle arrest&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Syam Mohan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and Hamed Karimian&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 2Medical Research Center, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rashad Elsanousi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassem Y. Sheikh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahmood Ameen Abdulla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saif Eldeen Babiker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husham Elraih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eldaw Mohamed</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effectiveness of Sidr Honey on the prevention of ethanol-induced gatroulcerogenesis: role of antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanism</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-164</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Sider (&lt;em&gt;Ziziphus spina-christi&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Desf.) Honey has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. &lt;strong&gt;Aim of the study:&lt;/strong&gt; The mechanism of the antiulcer effect of sider honey was studied placing emphasis on its role to block oxidative damage and apoptosis during ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. The mechanism of the antiulcer effect of sider honey was studied placing emphasis on its role to block oxidative damage and apoptosis during ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Experimental animals were orally treated with sidr honey (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) or omeprazole and subsequently exposed to 95% ethanol (5 mL/Kg, orally) to induce acute gastroulcerogenesis. Effectiveness of sidr honey was evaluated using ulcer index, pH of gastric juice, mucus content, morphological analyses, glutathione assay and malondialdehyde level. The anti-apoptotic role of sidr honey was studied using immunohistochemical staining of gastric tissues using monoclonal antibodies of Bax pathway. Results: Dose-response studies in ethanol-induced ulcer indicate that sidr honey significantly blocks gastric lesions at lower dose (100 mg/kg). Lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion were significantly inhibited by sidr honey. Sidr honey modulated the immuno-expression of mitochondrial associated protein (Bax). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Thus, sider honey plays a considerable role in gastro protection by acting as a potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent. Future study is required to explore its potential clinical usage.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rashad Elsanousi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bassem Y. Sheikh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahmood Ameen Abdulla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saif Eldeen Babiker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husham Elraih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eldaw Mohamed</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effectiveness of Sidr Honey on the prevention of ethanol-induced gatroulcerogenesis: role of antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanism</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiapoptotic Mechanism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gastro protection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">monofloral nectar</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sidr Honey.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13th Feb, 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157-164</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Sider &lt;em&gt;(Ziziphus spina-christi&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Desf.) Honey has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. &lt;strong&gt;Aim of the study:&lt;/strong&gt; The mechanism of the antiulcer effect of sider honey was studied placing emphasis on its role to block oxidative damage and apoptosis during ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. The mechanism of the antiulcer effect of sider honey was studied placing emphasis on its role to block oxidative damage and apoptosis during ethanol-induced gastric ulceration in rats. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Experimental animals were orally treated with sidr honey (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) or omeprazole and subsequently exposed to 95%ethanol (5 mL/Kg, orally) to induce acute gastroulcerogenesis. Effectiveness of sidr honey was evaluated using ulcer index, pH of gastric juice, mucus content, morphological analyses, glutathione assay and malondialdehyde level. The anti-apoptotic role of sidr honey was studied using immunohistochemical staining of gastric tissues using monoclonal antibodies of Bax pathway. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Dose-response studies in ethanol-induced ulcer indicate that sidr honey significantly blocks gastric lesions at lower dose (100 mg/kg). Lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion were significantly inhibited by sidr honey. Sidr honey modulated the immuno-expression of mitochondrial associated protein (Bax).&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Thus, sider honey plays a considerable role in gastro protection by acting as a potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent. Future study is required to explore its potential clinical usage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Antiapoptotic Mechanism, Antioxidant Agents, Gastro protection, Monofloral Nectar, Sidr Honey.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">157</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rashad Elsanousi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Bassem Y. Sheikh&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Saif Eldeen Babiker&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Husham Elraih&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Eldaw Mohamed&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;MABL Scientific Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suvitha Syam,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Bustamam,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasedee Abdullah,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed Aspollah Sukari,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Najihah Mohd Hashim,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maizatulakmal Yahayu,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouya Hassandarvish,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syam Mohan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of b-mangostin Isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acute toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cratoxylum arborescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-mangostin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18th Feb,2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and oral acute toxicity of &amp;beta;-mangostin isolated from &lt;em&gt;Cratoxylum arborescens&lt;/em&gt;. Material and methods: Healthy male and female ICR mice (8 weeks) were fed orally with 250 and 500mg/kg of &amp;beta;-mangostin. Body weight of each animal was measured and any gross behavioral change was observed daily. Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis were carried out on 15th day. The level of oxidative stress was analyzed using MDA and GSH measurement.&lt;strong&gt;Discussion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that oral administration of the &amp;beta;-mangostin had no adverse effect on the growth rate, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters. Histological studies showed that the treatments did not induce any pathological changes in the liver and kidney. The compound at both the doses did not alter the oxidative stress biomarkers. The &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; cytotoxicity of &amp;beta; Mangostin was investigated in HepG2, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells. There was significant cytotoxicity in both type of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In conclusion, our results show that there was no treatment-related acute toxicity in mice following 14-days oral administration of 250 and 500mg/kg of &amp;beta;-mangostin. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that the compound can be selected for detailed &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; breast cancer research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cratoxylum arborescens&lt;/em&gt;, β-mangostin, acute toxicity, anti-cancer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suvitha Syam&lt;sup&gt;*,1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmad Bustamam&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Rasedee Abdullah&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohamed Aspollah Sukari&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Najihah Mohd Hashim&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Maizatulakmal Yahayu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Pouya Hassandarvish&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Syam Mohan&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>