<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stephen Antwi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henry Brew-Daniels</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfred Ampoma Appiah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Augustine Ocloo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vivo Comparative Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Root Bark, Stem and Leaf Extracts of Capparis erythrocarpus (Capparaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot plate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oedema</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical constituents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Writhing assay</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">515-520</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The root bark powder of the medicinal plant &lt;em&gt;Capparis erythrocarpus &lt;/em&gt;is used at the Centre for Plant Medicine Research (In Ghana) against inflammatory pain disorders. The whole plant is destroyed to obtain the root bark which constitutes only 11.1 % of the plant. Hence, the plant is going extinct. We therefore sought to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the root bark, stem and leaf of &lt;em&gt;C. erythrocarpus&lt;/em&gt; in order to explore them as substitute(s) anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent to the root bark. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Carrageenan induced paw oedema assay was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing assays were employed to ascertain analgesic activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extracts of the root bark (CRB) and leaf (CL) produced significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) antiinflammatory activity of 48.93 and 37.42 % at 50 and 200 mg/kg p.o. respectively whereas the stem extract (CS) was inactive. Moreover, the extracts produced significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) analgesic activity. The analgesic activity (178.20 – 248.70 %) of the extracts were higher than that of morphine (136.70%) at 5 mg/kg i.m. in the hot plate assay. CS (200 mg/kg p.o.) produced the highest analgesic activity (54.61%) among the extracts and diclofenac sodium (41.15%) at 5 mg/kg p.o. in the writhing assay. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results indicates that the leaf of &lt;em&gt;C. erythrocarpus &lt;/em&gt;can be substituted for the root as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Whiles, the stem can also be used as analgesic agent. This will save the plant from extinction.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">515</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Stephen Antwi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Henry Brew-Daniels&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Alfred Ampomah Appiah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Augustine Ocloo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Phytochemistry, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallavi Malleshappa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramesh Chapeyil Kumaran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krishna Venkatarangaiah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sameera Parveen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peels of Citrus Fruits: A Potential Source of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Agents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrageenan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citrus peel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot plate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HRBC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tail immersion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s172-s178</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study was contemplated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials in peels of some commercially grown Citrus fruits of South India &lt;em&gt;viz&lt;/em&gt;, Lime (&lt;em&gt;Citrus aurantifolia)&lt;/em&gt;, Orange (&lt;em&gt;Citrus reticulata&lt;/em&gt;), Sour Orange (&lt;em&gt;Citrus aurantium&lt;/em&gt;), Pomello (&lt;em&gt;Citrus grandis&lt;/em&gt;) and Citron (Citrus medica).&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The peel of the fruits were separated and subjected to cold extraction using 70% alcohol. The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of phytoconstituents by qualitative phytochemical analysis; the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts at 250 and 500mg/Kg body weight concentrations were assessed by &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model and &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; HRBC membrane stabilization assay whereas Tail immersion and Hot plate methods have been used to evaluate their analgesic property. Results: The results revealed that, all extracts treated animals have shown significant decrease in paw edema volume at 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; and 4&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;hour of treatment and increase in reaction time in tail immersion and hot plate readings at 120 and 150 min and are comparable to the standards. From the results it was evident that Citron peel extract exhibited significant antiinflammatory and analgesic property in all models. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed that extracts were bestowed with presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, carotenoids and phenolic compounds which might be responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; From the results it was evident that all citrus fruits have prominent activity in terms of parameters assessed in a dose dependent manner and are more effective in the later phase. The study thus documents that Citrus peels are good sources of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agents.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s172</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pallavi Malleshappa&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ramesh Chapeyil Kumaran&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Krishna Venkatarangaiah&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sameera Parveen&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of PG studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga - 577 203, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt; 2&lt;/sup&gt;PG Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451, Shimoga, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richa Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghanshyam Das Gupta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity Assessment and Evaluation of Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities on Cordia obliqua Leaf Methanol Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carageenan induced edema</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clammy Cherry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot plate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tail flick</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yeast induced pyrexia.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/187</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">856-861</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Cordia obliqua&lt;/em&gt; Willd. Plant belongs to genus &lt;em&gt;Cordia&lt;/em&gt; and family Boraginaceae. Commonly it is known as Clammy Cherry and in Hindi Lasora. Earlier very few researches were carried out to explore its medicinal importance as compared with other &lt;em&gt;Cordia&lt;/em&gt; species. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To determine maximum safe dose and explore analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of &lt;em&gt;Cordia&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;obliqua&lt;/em&gt; leaf methanol extract. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; As per our previous study report, the leaf methanol extract is rich in phyto-constituents and has good antioxidant effect; so only methanol extract was studied here. The maximum safe dose of methanol extract was found by acute oral toxicity study according to OECD guidelines 423. For analgesic effect, hot plate and tail flick method, for anti-inflammatory, Carageenan induced rat paw edema and for antipyretic study, yeast induced pyrexia method were used. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract dose up to 2000mg/Kg was found safe with no any side effects. Three dose levels were tested for all activities. The medium (250 mg/Kg) and high (500 mg/Kg) dose of methanol extract was found effective in all activities when compared with standard. The result for antipyretic activity was found better than other activities. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It can be concluded that &lt;em&gt;Cordia obliqua&lt;/em&gt; leaf is safe and effective drug for relief of pain, fever and inflammation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">856</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richa Gupta&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ghanshyam Das Gupta&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;PhD scholar of IKG Punjab Technical University Jallandhar and Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), 140111, Punjab, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G. T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>