<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divya Chaturvedi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dinesh Kumar Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinay Kumar Singh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photodynamic Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Fasciola gigantica Carrier Snail Indoplanorbis exustus in Visible Spectral Band</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophyllin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasciolosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indoplanorbis exustus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photodynamic Product</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visible light band.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/168</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">729-736</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Fasciolosis is one of the most debilitating diseases caused by liver flukes &lt;em&gt;Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica&lt;/em&gt;. Snail Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae is the intermediate host of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematode. Aim of the present study is to explore the molluscicidal activity of chlorophyllin in visible spectral band against &lt;em&gt;Fasciola gigantica carrier snail Indoplanorbis exustus&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Chlorophyll was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. Ten snails &lt;em&gt;Indoplanorbis exustus&lt;/em&gt; were placed in a glass aquarium containing 3 L of dechlorinated tap water. These snails were treated with different concentrations of chlorophyllin in sunlight as well as exposed to different visible spectral band of light. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Pure chlorophyllin (96 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 6.54 mg/l) in sunlight was more toxic than extracted chlorophyllin (96 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 939.65 mg/l). There was a significant variation in the toxicity of chlorophyllin with snails, exposed to visible spectral band of light. The highest and lowest toxicity of chlorophyllin against &lt;em&gt;I. exustus&lt;/em&gt; was noted in yellow light (96 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 2016.79 mg/l) and green light (96 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 2433.16 mg/l). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study reveals that the active molluscicidal component extracted in spinach leaves is chlorophyllin. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Due to the photodynamic nature of chlorophyllin, it has the potential to control the population of vector snails and ultimately fasciolosis in developing countries.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">729</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Divya Chaturvedi, Dinesh Kumar Singh,&amp;nbsp;Vinay Kumar Singh&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Pin: 273 009, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>