<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faiz Muhammad Ammar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christrijogo Sumartono Waloejo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herdiani Sulistyo Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kohar Hari Santoso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prananda Surya Airlangga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Utomo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Cacao Bean Extract as a Paracetamol Adjuvant on Pain Scale and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Neuropathic Pain: An Animal Model Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cacao</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropathic pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pain scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paracetamol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-α</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1336-1341</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; One treatment for neuropathic pain is paracetamol. Meanwhile, cacao bean extract is a traditional remedy developed for pain management. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyzing effect of combining cacao bean extract and paracetamol on pain scale and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in neuropathic pain. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Subjects were randomized post-test only control group design from 28 mice (Mus musculus) to 4 groups: G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (control), G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (paracetamol only), G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (cacao + paracetamol), and G&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (cacao + ½ doses paracetamol). The subject assessed pain scale using von Frey test and TNF-α. The statistical analysis includes paired t-tests, Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, and Pearson correlation tests with p &amp;lt;0.05. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The combination of cacao bean extract and paracetamol resulted in a pain scale of 2.57 ± 1.10 gf, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001). Significant differences in pain scale scores were found in four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001), including G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (p = 0.006), G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001), G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001), and G&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001). After treatment, the average TNF-α levels was 86.96 ± 23.73 ng/mL, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001). There was a strong correlation between the pain scale and TNF-α levels (p &amp;lt;0.001). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In an animal model of neuropathic pain, using cacao bean extract as a paracetamol adjuvant significantly reduces pain scale (as measured by the von Frey test) and TNF-α levels.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1336</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Faiz Muhammad Ammar&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Christrijogo Sumartono Waloejo&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Herdiani Sulistyo Putri&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Kohar Hari Santoso&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Prananda Surya Airlangga&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Budi Utomo&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ameyaw Elvis Ofori</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boampong Johnson Nyarko</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyei Samuel</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woode Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biny Peter Robert</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Nociceptive Synergism of Pregabalin and Xylopic acid Co-administration in Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathy: Isobolographic Analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isobolograms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropathic pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paclitaxel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xylopic acid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-Dec 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363-368</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ameyaw Elvis Ofori&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Woode Eric&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Kyei Samuel&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Biny Peter Robert&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and Boampong Johnson Nyarko&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. 2Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ameyaw Elvis Ofori</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woode Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyei Samuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biny Peter Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boampong Johnson Nyarko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Nociceptive Synergism of Pregabalin and Xylopic acid Co-administration in Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathy: Isobolographic Analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isobolograms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropathic pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paclitaxel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">xylopic acid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7th July 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy still remains a clinical problem for patients undergoing chemotherapy. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of the study was to determine the interaction between xylopic acid and pregabalinco-administration as well as their toxicity in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Neuropathic pain was induced in rats with 2 mg/kg of paclitaxel on alternative days for four days (days 0, 2, 4 and 6). Equi effective doses of xylopic acid and pregabalin that produced 50% anti-nociception (ED50) were determined from their log-dose response curves in the cold allodynia and thermal pain tests. Xylopic acid and pregabalin were again administered to rats in a fixed ratio combination (1:1) of their ED50&amp;rsquo;sin order to determine the experimental ED50 (Zexp) of the co-administered compounds. Isobolograms were constructed to compare the Zexp to a theoretical ED50 (Zadd). Blood samples from the various treatment groups of rats were collected for toxicological assessment of the co-administered compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The Zexplay below the Zadd on the isobologram of the cold allodnia test. The co-administration exhibited additivity in the thermal pain test. The co-administration did not produce significant (p&amp;gt;0.05) toxicity in rats. The co-administration may be beneficial in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Isobolograms, Neuropathic pain, Paclitaxel, xylopic acid, Toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ameyaw Elvis Ofori&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Woode Eric&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Kyei Samuel&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Biny Peter Robert&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Boampong Johnson Nyarko&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>