<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prajna R H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shivananda Nayak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priya V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shruthi Rai P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shivaraja shankara Y M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prashanthkumar Goudappala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dinesh PV</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Namratha KG</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of TNF-Alpha, IL-6, Adiponectin, and Leptin in Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adiponectin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IL-6</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflammation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leptin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metabolic Dysregulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-Alpha</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699-702</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The present study investigates the role of inflammatory markers, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, and metabolic hormones such as adiponectin and leptin, in individuals with T2DM. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 147 participants diagnosed with T2DM were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, were measured. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed to determine associations between inflammatory markers and metabolic dysregulation.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mean age of participants was &lt;strong&gt;42.63 ± 6.38 &lt;/strong&gt;years, and the average BMI was &lt;strong&gt;28.38 ± 2.25 kg/m²&lt;/strong&gt;. FBS and HbA1C levels were &lt;strong&gt;175.72 ± 61.61 mg/dL&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;7.26 ± 0.94%,&lt;/strong&gt; respectively. The mean adiponectin and leptin levels were &lt;strong&gt;4.71 ± 1.75 μg/mL&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;20.58 ± 5.19 ng/mL&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels averaged &lt;strong&gt;132.00 ± 9.45 pg/mL&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;33.52 ± 14.55 pg/mL&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated an inverse relationship between adiponectin and BMI, while leptin was positively correlated with BMI and insulin levels. Elevated TNFalpha and IL-6 levels were associated with increased HbA1C and fasting blood glucose. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights the significant role of inflammatory markers in metabolic dysregulation among T2DM patients. Elevated TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels reinforce the link between chronic inflammation and impaired glucose metabolism. These findings underscore the need for anti-inflammatory strategies in diabetes management.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">699</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prajna R H&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Shivananda Nayak&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Priya V&lt;sup&gt;4*&lt;/sup&gt;, Shruthi Rai P&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Shivaraja shankara Y M&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Prashanthkumar Goudappala&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, Dinesh PV&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, Namratha KG&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research scholar, SaveethaResearch Center, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS), Chennai, INDIA,600077&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, INDIA, 574327&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Science, Shivamogga, INDIA,577222&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, INDIA,600077&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, INDIA, 574327&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, INDIA, 574327&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, INDIA ,572107&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Department of Community medicine, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, INDIA, 574327&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;Professor, Department of Microbiology, KVG Medical College and Hospital,Sullia , INDIA, 574327.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Febri Kurniawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Titong Sugihartono</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Association of Triglyceride and Glucose Index with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatic steatosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insulin resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NAFLD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TyG index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1077- 1080</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is significantly linked to obesity, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There isn't a single biomarker used to diagnose NAFLD. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyzing the association between triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) with NAFLD in T2DM. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the efficacy of TyG as a potential NAFLD biomarker. The study was conducted on 103 diabetes outpatient clinics at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from August to October 2023. Sixty-seven subjects experienced steatosis, while those who did not experience steatosis were 36. The statistical analysis used in this study is binary logistic regression with p &amp;lt;0.05. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis showed a TyG cut-off value of 9.334 (AUC = 0.660). Analysis of the risk of TyG on the incidence of steatosis was carried out using binary logistic regression. The results showed that TyG was a significant risk factor for steatosis. Patients with a TyG value above 9.334 risk developing steatosis 3.567 times greater than patients with a TyG value below 9.334 (OR 95% = 1.373 – 9.270, p = 0.009). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A significant association between TyG and NAFLD in T2DM patients, which the TyG index may be a more effective, valuable, and uncomplicated measure for detecting and controlling NAFLD.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1077</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Febri Kurniawati&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko&lt;sup&gt;3,4*&lt;/sup&gt;, Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo&lt;sup&gt;3,4&lt;/sup&gt;, Titong Sugihartono&lt;sup&gt;3,5&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Internal Medicine Subspecialty Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nandakumar K N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohanraj Nehru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prasanth Subramanian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhuvaneshwaran Mothiswaran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vishagan S S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satishkumar Rajappan Chandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkataraman Prabhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential Molecular level Impact of Cresvin beta on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-diabetic efficacy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayurveda</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cresvin beta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metformin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sirtuin 1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1297-1304</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing prevalence rate over the past few decades. Despite the availability of medications to prevent and reduce disease severity, T2DM prevalence and incidence continue to rise annually. Understanding genetic heritage's impact on therapeutic responses is improving, with pharmacogenetics being used to better comprehend the therapeutic variability of T2DM. This study aims to compare the effects of metformin and Cresvin beta capsules containing Pterocarpus marsupium, Withania somnifera, Salacia reticulata, Gymnema Sylvestre, Curcuma longa, Vitis vinifera and Piper nigrum (Black pepper extract) on diabetic and immune-related gene expression in T2DM patients. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Sixty patients were divided into two groups: metformintreated (group A, n=30) and Cresvin beta -treated (group B, n=30). Anthropometric, biochemical, and hematological parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Gene expression levels were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain from DNA extracted from whole blood samples.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; After 3 months, metformin significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and HbA1c levels (p&amp;lt;0.001). Cresvin beta also significantly reduced FBS (p&amp;lt;0.01), PPBS (p&amp;lt;0.001), and HbA1c (p&amp;lt;0.001). Gene expression analysis showed significant changes in SIRT1, AKT, SLC2A4, IL-6, and TNF-α in both groups. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study demonstrated that Cresvin beta reduced glycemic levels and improved SIRT1, Pi3k, Akt, and SLC2A4 gene expression while decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine gene expression in T2DM patients.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1297</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nandakumar K N&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohanraj Nehru&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Prasanth Subramanian&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Bhuvaneshwaran Mothiswaran&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Vishagan S S&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Satishkumar Rajappan Chandra&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Venkataraman Prabhu&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Clinical Trial and Research Unit, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Director of Apex Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamilnadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intanri Kurniati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agustyas Tjiptaningrum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raja Iqbal Mulya Harahap</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayu Putra Danan Jaya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serum Trace Element Levels in Type 2 DM Patients and its Correlation with Glycemic Control</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasting blood glucose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">glycemic control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HbA1c</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">trace element serum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660-663</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is known to impact serum trace element levels. Objectives: to investigates the association between serum trace elements (Co, Cr, and Cu) and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A 209 type 2 diabetes patients from Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital in Bandar Lampung and Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung participated in the study. Patients underwent assessments for serum trace element levels (Co, Cr, and Cu) and glycemic control indicators (FBG and HbA1c). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Results indicated significantly lower Co levels in uncontrolled diabetes versus controlled cases (P&amp;lt;0.05). Co, Cr, and Cu levels displayed a significant negative correlation with HbA1c (P&amp;lt;0.05), while Cr and Cu showed a significant negative correlation with FBG (P&amp;lt;0.05). Age did not show significant correlations with serum trace element levels. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; serum trace element levels (Co, Cr, Cu) are inversely linked to glycemic control in type 2 diabetes individuals.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intanri Kurniati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*, Agustyas Tjiptaningrum&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Raja Iqbal Mulya Harahap&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Bayu Putra Danan Jaya&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran – Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Histology and Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronald Silva-Rivas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natalia Bailon-Moscoso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Cartuche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Clusia latipes Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase inhibitory activity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February  2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-149</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The prevalence of diabetes has increased more rapidly in low and middleincome countries than in high-income countries. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which is the most common form of diabetes, is caused by the inefficient use of insulin in the body and is characterized by disrupted insulin action or secretion. Also, oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of disease. The goal of this study is to identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of &lt;em&gt;Clusia latipes,&lt;/em&gt; an endemic species of Central and South America. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity of the extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of the leaves and stems of &lt;em&gt;Clusia latipes&lt;/em&gt; were evaluated. From the most potent extract, the phytochemical study was carried out and fractionated. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), while hypoglycemic capacity was measured by alpha-glucosidase inhibition. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extracts with the highest antioxidant capacity are the extracts with the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Inhibitory activity increased in samples extracted with medium polar (ethyl acetate) and polar (methanol) solvents. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids/xanthones, quinones, saponins, and tannins. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was detected in the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from leaf methanol extract, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) value of 0.90 μg/ml. The major constituent isolated from the same fraction was isoquercitrin.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ronald Silva-Rivas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Natalia Bailon-Moscoso&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Cartuche&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Sección de Química Básica y Aplicada, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, ECUADOR.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Sección de Genética Humana, Microbiología y Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, ECUADOR.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbaraj SD</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muniappan M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ocimum Sanctum, Trigonella Foenum Graecum and Curcuma Longa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curcuma longa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLP-1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucagon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insulin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ocimum sanctum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trigonella foenum graecum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type 2 diabetes mellitus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">369-376</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;This study is carried out to investigate the correlation between the &lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in-vivo&lt;/em&gt; studies which demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of &lt;em&gt;Trigonella foenum graecum, Ocimum sanctum &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Curcuma longa &lt;/em&gt;extracts. Methanolic seed extract of &lt;em&gt;Trigonella foenum graecum&lt;/em&gt;, methanolic leaf extract of &lt;em&gt;Ocimum sanctum&lt;/em&gt;, ethyl acetate rhizomes extract of &lt;em&gt;Curcumina longa &lt;/em&gt;are prepared and supplied by Sami labs, Bangalore, India on request.&lt;em&gt; in-vitro &lt;/em&gt;studies such as alpha glucosidase inhibitory and DPP-IV inhibitory activity were done for all the three extracts as per previous studies. After Institutional animal ethical committee clearance male albino rats (155–215 g) were divided into 5 groups. Each group consists of randomly assigned 6 albino rats. The placebo (Normal saline) control group, Standard (Vildagliptin) group and 3 above mentioned extract groups. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done. Blood samples were collected for blood sugar estimation at -30 (before extract),0, 15, 45 minutes and blood sugar levels were done by enzymatic assay.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The maximum alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml by&lt;em&gt; Trigonella foenum graecum&lt;/em&gt; extract was 68% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 57.25, &lt;em&gt;Ocimum sanctum&lt;/em&gt; leaf extract was 65% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value of 59.55, &lt;em&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/em&gt; was 72% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value of 56.79 when compared to the Acarbose (STD) of 94% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 42.78. The maximum % of DPP IV inhibition at 320 μg/ml of &lt;em&gt;Trigonella foenum graecum &lt;/em&gt;extract was 77.84% with IC50 value of 52.26, &lt;em&gt;Ocimum sanctum&lt;/em&gt; extract was 86.98% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 46.08 and &lt;em&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/em&gt; was 76.47% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 55.06 when compared to the Vildagliptin (STD) was 80.15% with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 22.98. The OGTT results of &lt;em&gt;Ocimum sanctum &lt;/em&gt;(200 mg/kg) shows reduction in blood glucose (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=&amp;lt;0.05) at 15 minutes and significant reduction (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=&amp;lt;0.001) at 45 minutes and &lt;em&gt;Trigonella foenum &lt;/em&gt;graecum (2 gm/kg) showed significant reduction in blood glucose (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;=&amp;lt;0.001) at 15 minutes when compared to control. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish the therapeutic potential of these extracts in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Ocimum sanctum&lt;/em&gt; leaf extract, &lt;em&gt;Trigonella foenum &lt;/em&gt;graecum seed extract shows significant alpha-glucosidase and DPPIV inhibitory activity which correlates with the antihyperglycemic effects by in-vivo oral glucose tolerance test. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish the therapeutic potential of these extracts in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">369</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inbaraj SD*, Muniappan M* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research [BIHER]. No. 7 Works Road, Chromepet, Chennai-600044, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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