<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diah Dhianawaty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resti Gradia Dwiwina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wulan Mayasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achadiyani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruslin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantification of Four Phytochemical Parameters of Imperata cylindrica Leaves to Promote Its Use as A Medicinal Plant</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imperata cylindrica leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Tannin content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108-117</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The benefits of Imperata cylindrica (I. cylindrica) leaves and their relationship to the content of phytochemical compounds have been widely studied. The aim of this study was to promote I. cylindrica leaves from Kertajati Subdistrict in Majalengka Regency in their use as a medicinal plant based on the four parameters, namely the content of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, and antioxidant activity. The four parameters that become the basis for the benefits of the leaves were compared with the four parameters of the roots. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Quantification of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, and antioxidant activity used Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, Fe(III) chloride and 1.10-Phenanthroline, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) methods, respectively. All methods used visible spectrophotometric method. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The percentages of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, and IC50 of antioxidant activity of I. cylindrica leaves extract were 9% (GAE), 2.1% (QE), 5.6% (TAE), and 100.5 ppm, respectively. Then, the percentages of I. cylindrica roots extract showed the percentages of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, and IC50 of antioxidant activity were 5.8% (GAE), 0.64% (QE), 3% (TAE), and 241 ppm, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract of I. cylindrica leaves contained the phenolic compound, namely flavonoids, tannins and other phenolic compounds, and had antioxidant activity. All parameters have been reported to have positive effect on health. Therefore, the leaves of I. cylindrica from Kertajati Subdistrict are discovered to have effects on health which are suitable to be promoted as a medicinal plant.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diah Dhianawaty&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*, Resti Gradia Dwiwina&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Wulan Mayasari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Achadiyani1, Ruslin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fares Khenniche</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abderachid Slimani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chawki Bensouici</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibtissem Magboune</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manel Srief</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamed Hakkom</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative and Evaluative Study On Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Potential Within Hydromythanol Extracts and Their Fractions from All Parts of Drimia numidica (JORD. &amp; FOURR.) J.C. MANNING &amp; GOLDBLATT of Northeastern Algeria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drimia numidica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydromythanol extracts and their fractions.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64-81</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Drimia numidica&lt;/em&gt; is a polyphenol-rich species that has antioxidant capacity, which makes it very important. Nevertheless, &lt;em&gt;D. numidica&lt;/em&gt; has not been studied in depth. Moreover, its capsules have not been studied so far. This detailed study compared the values of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of all &lt;em&gt;D. numidica&lt;/em&gt; parts (scapes, flowers, bulbs, capsules, leaves, roots), from Edough Peninsula, Annaba, Algeria, using hydromethanol extracts and their fractions (cyclohexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). &lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: The total phenolic content was determined by Folin Ciocalteo assay, and the antioxidant activity by the following methods: DPPH, Reducing Powder, Phenanthroline, Silver Nanoparticles, CUPRAC, and ABTS. Statistical analysis was done using the ANOVA test and a correlation test (between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content). &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The Ethyl acetate fraction was found the sample with the highest phenolic content. The same was true for the antioxidant activity in all tests except for the silver nanoparticles test in which cyclohexane extracts scored the best. Considering the methods used in general, there is a correlation between phenolic content and the highest antioxidant activity, but there are some methods that have not recorded any correlation. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Choosing the appropriate method or extract/fraction type is extremely important. In addition, extracts of &lt;em&gt;D. numidica &lt;/em&gt;parts could be an important natural alternative to antioxidants industrial.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fares Khenniche&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Abderachid Slimani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Chawki Bensouici&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ibtissem Magboune&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Manel Srief&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hamed Hakkom&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Plant Biology and Environnement «Médicinal Plants» Axis, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar- Annaba. BP 12, 23000 Annaba, ALGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Biotechnology Research Center, Ali Mendjeli UV 3, PBOX 73, El Khroub, Constantine, ALGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Biotechnology laboratory, National Higher School of Biotechnology, Constantine, ALGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pornpun Laovachirasuwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Pachyrhizus erosus Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-tyrosinase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Free radical scavenging.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pachyrhizus erosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839-842</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The storage roots of &lt;em&gt;Pachyrhizus erosus&lt;/em&gt; (PE) have been traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in Indonesia and are also consumed fresh in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, research on the biological activities of PE is limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to test the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of PE extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, the Aluminium chloride colorimetric, the DPPH scavenging, and the Dopachrome assays were used for the experiments.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The dichloromethane extract had the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 2.08 ± 0.40 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (9.93 ± 0.02 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;= 40 ± 0.02 μg/mL). The largest total phenolic concentration was found in the 80% ethanol extract, albeit (11.97 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g extract). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on its remarkable activities, the dichloromethane extract is recommended for future development in skinlightening products. The study's findings conclude that PE extracts may be used as an alternate source of antioxidants and anti-tyrosinase agents&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">839</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pornpun Laovachirasuwan, Methin Phadungkit*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Candra Irawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maman Sukiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imalia Dwi Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andita Utami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Ilham Kumala Zalni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratna Komala Putri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Andrographis paniculata Nees Leaves, Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Content and Anti-Gout Potential Activity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrographis paniculata Nees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-gout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasound-assisted extraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">432-438</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Gout is a type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation in one or more joints. In gout, an increase in uric acid in the blood triggers the formation of crystals, causing joint pain. Indonesia is a country rich in the biodiversity of medicinal plant species. Therefore, its flora offers promising therapy for gout, one of which is&lt;em&gt; Andrographis paniculata &lt;/em&gt;Nees. This study aims to obtain the leaf extract of &lt;em&gt;A. paniculata &lt;/em&gt;through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. Then the extract obtained was subjected to phytochemical screening, a total phenolic content test and uric acid test. The results of phytochemical screening of &lt;em&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/em&gt; leaf extract using UAE contained saponins, phenols, tannins and alkaloids. The high total phenolic content has an effect on the high potential for reducing uric acid levels. Sample B with a time variation of 35 minutes and an amplitude of 65% showed the highest total phenolic content and potential for reducing uric acid levels compared to the other samples, which were 1104.53 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g extract and 72.81±0.2 %, respectively. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the UAE extract from the leaves of &lt;em&gt;A. paniculata&lt;/em&gt; has good potential as an anti-gout agent.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">432</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ismail&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Candra Irawan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Maman Sukiman&lt;sup&gt;3,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Imalia Dwi Putri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Andita Utami&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, M. Ilham Kumala Zalni&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ratna Komala Putri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical Analysis, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Industrial Waste Treatment, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maman Sukiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Candra Irawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imalia Dwi Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andita Utami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avisani Dewanta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wira Aditia Septian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Tinospora crispa Stem, Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Content and Anti Gout Potential Activity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-gout potential activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f &amp; Thomson Stem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasound-assisted extraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">308-314</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to obtain the stem extract of&lt;em&gt; Tinospora crispa&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Hook. f &amp;amp; Thomson through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. The extract's potential as an anti-gout. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The yield of crude ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Tinospora crispa &lt;/em&gt;(L.) Hook. f &amp;amp; Thomson obtained from the UAE process ranged from 4.49% to 10.60%. The phytochemical test results of&lt;em&gt; Tinospora crispa &lt;/em&gt;stem extract contain saponins, tannins and alkaloids. Extract C was treated for 45 minutes and had an amplitude of 60% with a total phenolic content of 981.37 ± 0.7 mg/L and a reduction of uric acid level of 53.22 ± 0.1%.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: The ethanol extract of the &lt;em&gt;Tinospora crispa&lt;/em&gt; stem from the UAE has the potential as a source of anti-gout.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">308</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maman Sukiman&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Candra Irawan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ismail&lt;sup&gt;3,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Imalia Dwi Putri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Andita Utami&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Avisani Dewanta&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Wira Aditia Septian&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Industrial Waste Treatment, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical Analysis, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Jalan Pangeran Sogiri, Tanah Baru, Bogor 16154, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandra Mohini Nemkul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gan B Bajracharya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayato Maeda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ila Shrestha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnomedicinal Knowledge Verification for the Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Effects of Rhus chinensis Mill. Fruits with Identification of Thirty Constituents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial susceptibility assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethnobotanical survey in the rural villages in Nepal revealed that the fruits of&lt;em&gt; Rhus chinensis&lt;/em&gt; Mill. have been using for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, and identification of chemical constituents in the fruits of &lt;em&gt;R. chinensis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical screening was performed on the hexane and 70% methanolic extracts of the sample followed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu method. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial effect was estabilished by the Agar well diffusion assay. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 30 compounds belonging to phenolics, anhydrides, aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons were identified in the extracts. The TPC value of 123.52±1.29 mg GAE/g dry extract was estimated. IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 135.54±0.82 μg/mL was calculated in DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Scavenging of 42.69±0.1% DPPH free radical and 63.20±1.48% hydrogen peroxide at 100 μg/mL concentration of 70% methanolic extract were estimated. The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) observed was 23.00±0.57 mm against &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; at loading dose of 5 mg of the extract.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;All together 30 compounds were identified in the fruits. The extracts efficiently inhibited the growth of &lt;em&gt;E. coli &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Shigella dysenteriae&lt;/em&gt; verifying the rural knowledge. At the same time, the extracts displayed efficient antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals identified were responsible for these activities.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chandra Mohini Nemkul&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Gan B Bajracharya&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Hayato Maeda&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ila Shrestha&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Botany, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, JAPAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Botany, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patandhoka, Lalitpur, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monika Bhalodiya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jayant Chavda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilesh Patel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravi Manek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajay Patel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheetal Faldu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determination of Polyphenolic content and Antioxidant Activity from Various Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn Root: An in vitro Approach for Selection of Appropriate Extracting Solvent</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerhavia diffusa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crude extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Free radicles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1578-1585</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study is aimed to evaluate extraction capacity of different solvents (toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water, 60% aqueous methanol, 60% aqueous ethanol and 60% aqueous acetone) and its effect on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant assay. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Extraction was performed from dried root powder of &lt;em&gt;Boerhavia diffusa&lt;/em&gt; using various solvents at 25˚C on magnetic sirr (300 rpm). Extraction yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total tannin content of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using gallic acid, quercetin as standards. Antioxidant potential determines by using various in vitro methodologies such as DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. &lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;The 60% aqueous methanol showed the highest extracting yield, in contrast, toluene and hexane showed the lowest yield. Highest total phenolic content (239.8±0.25 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (131.1±4.20 mg QCE/g), were found from methanolic extract. While, acetone extract showed highest tannin content. The Methanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Boerhaavia diffusa&lt;/em&gt; exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The highest correlation was found between phenolic content and the antioxidant assay. It seems that phenolic contents are responsible for free radicle scavenging activity. From the observation, it concluded that methanolic extract rich with polyphenolic content and acetone extract showed the highest amount of tannin content.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1578</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Monika Bhalodiya&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Jayant Chavda&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nilesh Patel&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravi Manek&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ajay Patel&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sheetal Faldu&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;B.K Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Smt. R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Rajkot 360005, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shravan Kumar Paswan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajal Srivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandana Venkateswara Rao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wound Healing Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Selaginella Bryopteris on Rats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidative stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selaginellabryopteris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wound Excision Model</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335-341</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The objective of the present study was to determine wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of&lt;em&gt; Selaginella bryopteris &lt;/em&gt;on rats. The whole plant of &lt;em&gt;S. bryopteris&lt;/em&gt; Linn. was collected from Andhra Pradesh, India and extraction was done using ethanol. GC-MS analysis was performed to determine active metabolites present in the extract followed by determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. &lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; wound healing activity of ethanolic extract was evaluated using excision wound model. The extract was applied topically on animals by preparing ointment in two concentrations (5% and 10%) where soframycin (10%) was taken as positive control. Antioxidant activity of &lt;em&gt;S. bryopteris &lt;/em&gt;extract was observed by measuring oxidative enzymatic levels i.e. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in animal tissues. Histopathological studies of excised skin were carried out after the experimental period. The contraction rate of the wound was higher and dose-dependent in rats treated with 5% and 10 % ointment of extract in comparison to untreated control group. The drug treated groups showed recovery phase and the percentage of healing was more in 10% at the end of experimental period. Results exhibited sufficient insights on the healing process with normal recovery stages and restored oxidative enzymatic levels. Histopathological findings provided additional positive results; the dermis with proliferating capillaries and skeletal muscle were replaced by cellular fibrous tissue and collagen fibers. Overall, the results showed that ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;S.bryopteris&lt;/em&gt; was an interesting traditional agent that possess significant wound healing activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">335</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shravan Kumar Paswan&lt;sup&gt;1,2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Sajal Srivastava&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Chandana Venkateswara Rao&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacology Division, CSIRNational Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow- 226010, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isni Rizqi Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosita Handayani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Elastase Activity of Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) Rhizome Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cyperus rotundus L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elastase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin ageing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">754-758</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) often trigger the activation of elastase to degrade the elastin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that provides resilience and elasticity of the skin. Therefore, the inhibition of elastase could reduce the wrinkles formation in the skin. Rumput teki (&lt;em&gt;Cyperus rotundus &lt;/em&gt;L.) is used empirically to increase the skin elasticity but the scientific justification was still limited. This study aimed to determine the activity of&lt;em&gt; Cyperus rotundus &lt;/em&gt;L (CyR) in inhibiting the elastase activity. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Extraction of CyR was performed by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The inhibition percentage and IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; were determined by the colorimetric method using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and N-Succ-(Ala)3-p- nitroanilide (SANA) as substrate. Phytochemical screening, determination of Total Phenolic content (TPC), and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were also performed to calculate the level of phenolic and flavonoid content in the sample.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The extract of CyR rhizomes contained TPC and TFC of 62.72 mgGAE/g and 10.72 mgEQ/g extract respectively and showed an inhibitory activity on elastase with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 178.72 μg/mL, smaller than IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of quercetin as reference drug (200.00 μg/mL). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This finding suggested that extract of CyR rhizomes could be used as elastase inhibitor but the further research still needs to be developed.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">754</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Isni Rizqi Putri, Rosita Handayani, Berna Elya*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diani Mega Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effionora Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurjanah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayun Erwina Arifianti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitor Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Brown Seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) as Lightening Ingredient</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lightening agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phloroglucinol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turbinaria conoides</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-382</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; is one of abundant brown macroalgae in Indonesian oceans contains phenolic derivatives. Phloroglucinol is a multifunctional phenolic derivative in brown algae. Phloroglucinol has been known to have activity inhibitor tyrosinase, because phloroglucinol is copper chelating agent. The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitor activities are parameters of the skin lightening active ingredient. The mechanism of tyrosinase inhibitors is to decrease skin pigmentation by inhibit the catalytic steps of the enzyme to the pigmentation associated with melanin production in the pathway of melanogenesis. Antioxidant activity protects skin against oxidative stress mediated by UVR. Numerous report have determine phenolic compound of &lt;em&gt;T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; as antioxidant but none is reported as tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study is to determine the activities of &lt;em&gt;T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; as antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; were extracted with ethanol with different concentration (30%, 50% and 70%) by maceration method. Crude ethanolic extracts of&lt;em&gt; T. conoides&lt;/em&gt; were determined its total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and tyrosinase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; E50 showed the highest total phenolic content (27.63±1.05 mg PGE/g extract). Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities of E50 showed IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 215.96 μg/mL and 188.85 μg/mL, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethanol extract of&lt;em&gt; Turbinaria conoides&lt;/em&gt; is potential as antioxidant agent and tyrosinase inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diani Mega Sari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Effionora Anwar&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurjanah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ayun Erwina Arifianti&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Master Student at Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Professor at Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Professor at Department of Aquatic Products Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Master at Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayat M Emad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sherifa F Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meselhy R Meselhy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essam A Sattar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative Antioxidant Activities of Selected Apiaceous Plants Using EPR Technique</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anethum graveolans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Free Radicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petroselinum crispum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359-1364</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a unique technique able to identify and quantify free radicals in the complex biological matrices. In this study, free radical scavenging activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of fruits, shoots and roots of dill and parsley was examined using EPR technique, in addition to the determination of their contents of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC). &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The hydroxyl anion scavenging activity (HASA) of the tested extracts was determined using EPR spin trapping technique and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system generating (O&lt;strong&gt;•-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). The TPC and TFC were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Both aqueous shoot of dill (ADSh) and methanol root of parsley (MPR) demonstrated the strongest inhibition of HASA. On the contrary, the aqueous extract of dill fruit at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml was found to be pro-oxidant (49.43 %), but at 10 mg/ml demonstrated potent inhibition of HASA (98.12 %). TPC was found to be the highest in the methanol extract of parsley fruit (MPF, 88.62 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g) and the lowest in MPR (4.34 ± 0.050 mg GAE/g). On the other hand, TFC was the highest in MPF (584.29 ± 2.10 mg GAE/g) and the lowest in the methanol extract of dill fruit (MDF, 1.28 ± 0.02 mg rutin/g). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, EPR provided a direct insight that all tested apiaceous plants extracts showed effective HASA except two extracts that proved to be pro-oxidant at 0.5 mg/mL This study confirmed that there is no correlation between antioxidant potential and TPC and TFC.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayat M. Emad&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sherifa F. Ali&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Meselhy R. Meselhy&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Essam A. Sattar&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Central Axis, Part 1/1, 6th of October, EGYPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.B. 11562, Cairo, EGYPT.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dieah Siti Rahmawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arikadia Noviani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory Effects of Sangketan (Achyranthes aspera L.) Roots Extract on Arginase Activity and Determination of Its Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achyranthes aspera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arginase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sangketan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1231-1234</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Achyranthes aspera&lt;/em&gt;, or commonly called as Sangketan in Indonesian is a wild plant that is used as a traditional medicine. The roots of Sangketan can be used as a wound healer by involving the role of arginine and its metabolites, nitric oxide, that directly affect the wound healing process itself. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study is to determine the potential of Sangketan roots extract in inhibiting arginase activity. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The roots were extracted using multistage ultrasound-assisted extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent. Each extract from different solvents was tested for the inhibition of arginase activity using a microplate-based colorimetric method, followed by determination of total phenolic concentration and total flavonoid concentration. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results of inhibition test of arginase activity by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were 9.56; 17.58; and 29.77% sequentially/respectively at concentration of 100 μg/ml; the total phenolic concentration were 3.91; 4.83; dan 11.18 mgGAE/g of sample respectively; and the total flavonoid concentration are 0.29; 0.80; and 0.88 mgQE/g of sample respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; From this research, it can be concluded that Sangketan roots extract had low potency of arginase inhibitory activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1231</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dieah Siti Rahmawati, Berna Elya*, Arikadia Noviani &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424 West, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aditya Sindu Sakti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fadlina Chany Saputri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Mun’im</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopic Characters, Phytochemical Screening Focus on Alkaloid and Total Phenolic Content of Uncaria gambir Roxb. and Uncaria sclerophylla Roxb. Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopic Characters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytocemical Screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thin Layer Chromatoghraphy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uncaria gambir</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uncaria sclerophylla</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Uncaria gambir&lt;/em&gt; Roxb. and&lt;em&gt; Uncaria sclerophylla&lt;/em&gt; Roxb. are medicinal plants widely grown in Indonesia. Genus Uncaria is well known for catechin content that has potent antioxidant activity. Uncaria also was reported containing alkaloid that has antihypertensive action. This study aims to provide microscopic characters and phytochemical profiles associated with the phenolic and alkaloid compounds contained in these two species of Uncaria. Methods: Microscopic characteristics were performed on fresh leaf samples using a microscope. Presence of alkaloids from ethanol and chloroform extract of &lt;em&gt;U. gambir&lt;/em&gt; and U. sclerophylla leaf were performed using Dragendorff reagents. Thin Layer Chromatography profile was developed in the mobile phase that consisted of acetone: chloroform (8:2). Total Phenolic Content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method using microplate reader spectroscopically at λ = 765 nm.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Microscopy of &lt;em&gt;U. gambir&lt;/em&gt; leaf revealed the presence of vascular bundle fragment, oil fragments, parenchyma cells, midrib transverse-section and lower epidermis with paracytic stomata. Whereas in &lt;em&gt;U. sclerophylla&lt;/em&gt; can be observed midrib transverse-section and lower epidermis unicellular with trichomes. Both &lt;em&gt;U. gambir&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;U. sclerophylla&lt;/em&gt; positively contain alkaloids. Chloroform extract showed the presence of alkaloids while ethanolic extracts showed negative results. The TLC profile shows the presence of catechin compound in the ethanolic extract, whereas in the chloroform extract does not show the presence of catechin. The total phenolic content of &lt;em&gt;U. gambir&lt;/em&gt; and U&lt;em&gt;. sclerophylla&lt;/em&gt; leaf ethanolic extract and chloroform extract was 7.309; 5.734 and 0.437; 0.161 mg of gallic acid equivalents each gram sample, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Microscopic characteristics, TLC and phytochemicals obtained can be used for the authentication of &lt;em&gt;Uncaria gambir&lt;/em&gt; Roxb. and &lt;em&gt;Uncaria sclerophylla&lt;/em&gt; Roxb leaf.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aditya Sindu Sakti&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fadlina Chany Saputri&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Mun’im&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thia Amalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fadlina Chany Saputri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Surini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic Contents, Quercetin Determination and Anti Elastase Activity of Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves Extract from Different Method of Extractions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Elastase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melastoma malabathricum L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercetin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124-128</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; has been detected to contain quercetin and other phenolic contents. Quercetin has been proven to have elastase inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraction method on total phenolic and quercetin contents as well as elastase inhibitory activity of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves powder was extracted by two conventional methods, maceration and reflux. Two different concentrations of ethanol were used as a solvent, 70 and 96% ethanol. Leaves were also defatted with chloroform before further extraction. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and quercetin content was determined by using the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Elastase inhibitor activity of leaves extract was determined on human neutrophil elastase&lt;em&gt; in vitro.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Generally, 96% ethanol obtained higher total phenolic and quercetin content than 70% ethanol. However, defatted extract of 70% ethanol contained higher total phenolic content than defatted 96% ethanol. The highest elastase inhibitory activity of the sample was obtained from 70% ethanol extract with the value of 89.50% at 200 ppm, which is no significant difference compared to quercetin with the value of 93.86%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Extraction methods and different concentration of solvents affect the total phenolic and quercetin contents of the extracts. &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves have potential effect as anti-elastase as well as quercetin, where the anti-elastase activity of &lt;em&gt;M. malabathricum&lt;/em&gt; leaves is not only due to quercetin.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thia Amalia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fadlina Chany Saputri&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Silvia Surini&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Graduate Programme of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islamudin Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desta Andriyani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christoper Gunawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nisrina Dhiah Fauziah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutriyo Sutriyo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Mun’im</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Food Processing on Resveratrol and Total Phenolic Content in Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seeds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gnetum gnemon L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melinjo seeds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resveratrol levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1096-1100</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Trans&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol is a phenolic compound in the stilbene group present in Melinjo (&lt;em&gt;Gnetum gnemon&lt;/em&gt; L.) seeds. In Indonesia, these seeds are consumed by roasting, frying (i.e., emping), and boiling. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food processing on trans-resveratrol and total phenolic compound levels in melinjo seeds. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Melinjo seed was roasted at 145&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 10 and 20 min, boiled at 100&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 5, 15, and 30 min, and fried at 160-170&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 2 and 4 min. Samples were refluxed with 96% ethanol. The determination of&lt;em&gt; trans&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol levels was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on the results, it was found that &lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol and total phenolic content levels in Melinjo powder decreased from 36% to 10% (&lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol) and 15% to 4% (total phenolic) after 20 min of roasting, and in fried empings, it decreased 60%, 68%, and 92% (&lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;-resveratrol) and 41%, 45%, 97% (total phenolic) after 5, 15, and 30 min of boiling, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; There were significant changes in trans-resveratrol levels and total phenolic content in Melinjo seeds before and after various cooking processes (i.e., roasting, boiling, and frying).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1096</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Islamudin Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Desta Andriyani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Christoper Gunawan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nisrina Dhiah Fauziah&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sutriyo Sutriyo&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Mun&amp;rsquo;im&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parichat Phalanisong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kanit Vichitphan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaehong Han</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukanda Vichitphan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High Antioxidant and Phenolic Contents Related to Antibacterial Activity against Gastrointestinal Pathogenic Bacteria of Some Thai Medicinal Plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caesalpinia sappan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanning electron microscope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/488</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Thai medicinal plants were used as the traditional medicines and as part of everyday plants diet. Plants contain a mixture of phytochemical and exhibit a lot of functional food and medicinal properties. This project aims to investigate the potential of selected Thai medicinal plants according to the properties of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The eighteen plants were extracted using maceration method with 95% ethanol. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assay. The total phenolic content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method. The extract which exhibited high antioxidant and antibacterial activity was selected to observe morphological changes by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract of &lt;em&gt;Caesalpinia sappan&lt;/em&gt; showed the highest activities on both antioxidant assayed by FRAP method and total phenolic contents, however, exhibited high antioxidant assayed by DPPH compared to &lt;em&gt;Bauhinia strychnifolia&lt;/em&gt; extract. Moreover, the extract of &lt;em&gt;C. sappan&lt;/em&gt; showed the excellent antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria in Gastro-intestinal tract. The morphological change by SEM was selected for further investigation antibacterial activities of &lt;em&gt;C. sappan&lt;/em&gt; extract. The results showed that the inhibitory effect to those bacterial strains could be caused by the disruption of the cell membrane and decrease biofilm formation after treatment with the extract. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;C. sappan&lt;/em&gt; exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities against the six pathogenic bacteria. This result suggested that &lt;em&gt;C. sappan&lt;/em&gt; could be applied to use for medicinal purpose and functional products.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">341</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Parichat Phalanisong&lt;sup&gt;1,2,&lt;/sup&gt; Kanit Vichitphan&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;*, Jaehong Han&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Sukanda Vichitphan&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, KOREA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nely Suryani Nopi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effionora Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tati Nurhayati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimization of Extraction Condition to Obtain Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Asch from Indonesia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Factorial design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thalassia hemprichii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">958-962</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thalassia hemprichii&lt;/em&gt; (Ehrenb.) Asch is one of the commonly found seagrasses spread over the coast of Indonesia and has not been utilized. Previous studies have reported its potency as an antioxidant, however, studies on optimal extraction conditions using ethanol as a solvent to obtain higher antioxidant activity are still limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction condition for obtaining the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the seagrass &lt;em&gt;T. hemprichii&lt;/em&gt;. In an addition, percentage yield of extract was also evaluated. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study, factorial design with independent factors of ethanol concentrations (50%, 70%, and 100%), the use of HCl 1 N (Yes/No), and temperature (30&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C, 60&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C) was developed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of the above factors towards antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The highest antioxidant activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;=83.48 &amp;mu;g/mL) was shown in sample R1 (extracted with 50% ethanol, added with HCl 1 N, and 60&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C). The sample was also showed total phenolic content 41.03 mg GAE per gram and 22% yield extract. Among the factors examined, the used of HCl 1 N showed the most significant effect to the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content, with the &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-value of 0.048 and 0.034 respectively (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This extraction condition can be applied to obtain higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content from the plant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">958</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nely Suryani Nopi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Effionora Anwar&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Tati Nurhayati&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Aquatics Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elin Novia Sembiring</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rani Sauriasari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caesalpinia bonduc</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/408</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-127</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Caesalpinia bonduc &lt;/em&gt;(L.) Roxb are traditionally used in Indonesia to treat various diseases, but still limited study about different part of this plant. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, to evaluate the total flavonoid and total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of root, stem, leaves, and seed kernel of &lt;em&gt;C. bonduc&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Each part of plant were extracted by reflux using 70% ethanol as the solvent for 2 h and repeated 3 times. Total flavonoid content was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay on 415 nm. Total phenolic content was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu 1:4 on 765 nm using microplate reader. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger methods. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical screening showed that all of samples positively contain flavonoid and saponin. Total flavonoid content was the highest in leaf and the lowest in root whereas total phenols content was highest in leaf and the lowest in seed kernel. The crude extracts displayed DPPH free radical scavenging activity with highest value in leaf extract followed by root, stem, and seed kernel. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The 70% ethanol leaf extract of &lt;em&gt;C. bonduc &lt;/em&gt;showed the highest yield, total flavonoid content and total phenolic content among other parts investigated. Moreover, leaf extract has highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (79.802 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml) which could be related to its higher phenolic content.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elin Novia Sembiring, Berna Elya, Rani Sauriasari &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prasob-on Rinthong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suthira Maneechai</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenolic Content and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential of Extracts from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cajanus cajan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dichloromethane seed extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root methanol extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrosinase inhibitor</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s109-s112</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Cajanus cajan&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Millsp. (Fabaceae) is a legume plant which used for human food and animal feed.&lt;strong&gt; Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study was aimed to investigate total phenolic content and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of the root, stem and seed parts of &lt;em&gt;C. cajan.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Crude extracts were prepared by reflux extraction using methanol, dichloromethane and water as solvents. Total phenolic contents of the obtained extracts were analyzed by Folin- Ciocalteu colorimetric method and the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results revealed that dichloromethane seed extract had more total phenolic content than those of methanol and water seed extracts, respectively. Dichloromethane seed extract had the highest total phenolic content of 92.00 &amp;plusmn; 1.24 mg GAE/ g extracts. However, the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found in the root methanol extract with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 3.55 &amp;plusmn; 0.35 mg/ml. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Type of extraction solvent was an important factor on phenolic contents of &lt;em&gt;C. cajan&lt;/em&gt; extracts. The extracts of &lt;em&gt;C. cajan&lt;/em&gt; inhibit slightly tyrosinase inhibitory.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s109</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suthira Maneechai&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Prasoborn Rinthong&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kham Riang, Kantharawichai, Mahasarakham, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilawan Promprom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wannachai Chatan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Bauhinia nakhonphanomensis Leaf Ethanolic Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bauhinia Nakhonphanomensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.105/index.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">663-667</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Bauhinia nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; Chatan. A new species that is endemic to Thailand. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; were extracted and the extract was used in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; was analyzed by GC-MS. Quantitative analysis for total phenols was done by the Folin-Ciocatteu method and for total flavonoids by the aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by the DPPH method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 phytochemical constituents. These compounds were identified by comparing their retention times and peak areas with those from the literature and by interpretation of the mass spectra. The major chemical constituents were inositol (48.55 %), alpha-tocopherol (12.21 %) and phenol (6.61 %). Total phenolic content was 48.69&amp;plusmn;0.56 mg/100 of Gallic acid equivalent (GE). The total flavonoid contentwas 10539&amp;plusmn; 6.14 mg/100 of quercetin equivalent (QE). Antioxidant activity was 17.07&amp;plusmn;0.24 &amp;mu;g/100 of ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC).&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These findings are the first report and suggest that the rich phytochemical content of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; has good antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">663</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wilawan Promprom&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;and Wannachai Chatan &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siva Hemalatha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priyanka Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satyendra Kuldip Prasad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lupeol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pyrus pashia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">352-360</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;To establish the pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization parameters of &lt;em&gt;Pyrus pashia&lt;/em&gt; fruits in order to ensure quality and safety of this traditionally acclaimed medicinal tree. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The fresh fruits of &lt;em&gt;P. pashia &lt;/em&gt;were collected and dried. Fruit was subjected to various pharmacognostical investigations, Extraction procedures, and preliminary phytochemical screening, according to WHO guidelines. Ethanolic extract was standardized to total phenolic and flavonoid content, followed by phytochemical quantification of &lt;em&gt;P. pashia&lt;/em&gt; extract using lupeol as a chemical marker by HPLC method. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the present study, microscopy of the fruit showed typical characteristics of berry, having thick fleshy pericarp differentiated into thin epicarp and thick mesocarp having wide radiating carpel chambers with one or two seeds attached in axile placentum. Further, physicochemical evaluation was done like, loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, fluorescence analysis etc. Heavy metal and pesticide residue analysis was also performed. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Pyrus pashia&lt;/em&gt; (EPP) obtained from cold maceration and phytochemical screening of different fractions obtained by liquid partitioning revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols flavonoids etc. Moreover, the total phenolic content and total analysis revealed that fruits are rich source of phenols and flavonoid. The HPLC chromatogram suggested that EPP contained 4.24% w/w of lupeol. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation will ensure quality and safety of this medicinal plant, furthermore HPLC quantification will aid in authentication and development of monograph.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">352</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siva Hemalatha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*, Priyanka Sharma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Satyendra Kuldip Prasad&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrakant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swati Vyas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sumita Kachhwaha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. L. Kothari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative analysis of phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacity of Moringa oleifera Lam</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidation.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sequential extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Accumulation of reactive species higher than permissible limits in biological systems may lead to various degenerative disorders due to oxidative damage. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Oxidation is a serious concern faced by the food industry causing deterioration of shelved-food quality. Antioxidant compounds like polyphenolics scavenge such free radicals and thus protect against oxidative stress. Consumption of polyphenol-rich plants as dietary component confers protection against such cellular damage. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Present study explores antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of different extracts prepared from various parts of &lt;em&gt;Moringa oleifera &lt;/em&gt;Lam. Higher TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity was shown by methanolic extracts followed by aqueous, petroleum benzene and chloroform extracts.The present study suggests that all the extracts might act as radical scavengers to certain extent possibly due to presence of polyphenolic compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; exhibits strong antioxidant activity and could serve as prospective source of natural antioxidants to food and health industries.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swati Vyas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sumita Kachhwaha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and S. L. Kothari&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India&amp;ndash;302004.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302019.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shweta Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan Natarajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lakshmi Puthanparambil Kanakamma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toppo Fedelic Ashish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajesh Singh Pawar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical evaluation of Ventilago calyculata Tul. (Bark)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventilago denticulata Willd</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventilago madraspatana var. calyculata (Tul.) King.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271-275</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ventilago calyculata&lt;/em&gt; Tul. (&amp;lsquo;kevati&amp;rsquo;), is found throughout India as climbing shrub. It is widely used in various traditional system of medicine. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; In the present work pharmacognostical standardization has been developed for the systematic identification of the bark of &lt;em&gt;Ventilago calyculata&lt;/em&gt;. Phenols and flavonoids were also quantified. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Morphological, microscopical and phytochemical studies were performed. Various physicochemical parameters conforming the identity, quality, purity of the bark. The quantity of phenols and flavonoids were estimated. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The bark was oval, brownish yellow, bitter with characteristic odour and rough texture. The microscopical studies revealed the presence of cork with brownish contents, crimson inner cork, collenchyma, cellulosic parenchyma with cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals and schlereids. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash values of stem bark were found to be 15% w/w, 3.4% w/w and 11.6% w/w respectively. The percentage yields, total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts were 2.77% w/w, 2.66% w/w, 3.8% w/w, 5.8% w/w, 11.0% w/w; 2.16 &amp;plusmn; 0.04, 4.16 &amp;plusmn; 1.04, 9.12 &amp;plusmn; 1.14, 7.16&amp;plusmn;1.16, 1.16 &amp;plusmn;1.02 mg/g (gallic acid equivalent) and 4.5 &amp;plusmn; 0.55, 8.20 &amp;plusmn; 1.12, 10.1 &amp;plusmn; 0. 26, 6.5 &amp;plusmn; 1.3, 0.66 &amp;plusmn; 1.13 mg/g (rutin equivalent) respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; There was a need to evaluate the extracts of the plant in order to provide scientific proof for its application and to explore the possibility of treating various diseases and disorders. Literature review indicates that very less work has been done on this plant and there is a wide scope for investigation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">271</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shweta Kumar&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Balakrishnan Natarajan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Lakshmi Puthanparambil Kanakamma&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Toppo Fedelic Ashish&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Rajesh Singh Pawar&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Technocrats Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462021, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar Shweta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lakshmi P. K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toppo F. A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toppo F. A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pawar RS</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Ventilago calyculata Tul. (Bark)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventilago denticulata Willd</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventilago madraspatana var. calyculata (Tul.) King.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29th Apr, 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-1</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ventilago calyculata&lt;/em&gt; Tul. (&amp;lsquo;kevati&amp;rsquo;), is found throughout India as climbing shrub. It is widely used in various traditional system of medicine.&lt;strong&gt; Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In the present work pharmacognostical standardization has been developed for the systematic identification of the bark of Ventilago calyculata. Phenols and flavonoids were also quantified. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Morphological, microscopical and phytochemical studies were performed. Various physicochemical parameters conforming the identity, quality, purity of the bark. The quantity of phenols and flavonoids were estimated. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The bark was oval, brownish yellow, bitter with characteristic odour and rough texture. The microscopical studies revealed the presence of cork with brownish contents, crimson inner cork, collenchyma, cellulosic parenchyma with cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals and schlereids. The total ash value, acid insoluble ash value and water soluble ash values of stem bark were found to be 15% w/w, 3.4% w/w and 11.6% w/w respectively. The percentage yields, total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts were 2.77% w/w, 2.66% w/w, 3.8% w/w, 5.8% w/w, 11.0% w/w; 2.16 &amp;plusmn; 0.04, 4.16 &amp;plusmn; 1.04, 9.12 &amp;plusmn; 1.14, 7.16&amp;plusmn;1.16, 1.16&amp;plusmn;1.02 mg/g (gallic acid equivalent) and 4.5 &amp;plusmn; 0.55, 8.20 &amp;plusmn; 1.12, 10.1 &amp;plusmn; 0. 26, 6.5 &amp;plusmn; 1.3, 0.66 &amp;plusmn; 1.13 mg/g (rutin equivalent) respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;There was a need to evaluate the extracts of the plant in order to provide scientific proof for its application and to explore the possibility of treating various diseases and disorders. Literature review indicates that very less work has been done on this plant and there is a wide scope for investigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key Words:&lt;/strong&gt; Standardization, Total flavonoid content, Total phenolic content, Ventilago denticulata Willd, Ventilago madraspatana var. calyculata (Tul.) King.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kumar Shweta&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Balakrishnan N&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Lakshmi P. K&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Toppo F. A&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Pawar R. S&lt;sup&gt;2* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Technocrats Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462021, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,462044, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swati Vyas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sumita Kachhwah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S.L. Kothari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative analysis of phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacity of Moringa oleifera Lam.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sequential extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27th Nov, 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Accumulation of reactive species higher than permissible limits in biological systems may lead to various degenerative disorders due to oxidative damage.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Oxidation is a serious concern faced by the food industry causing deterioration of shelved-food quality. Antioxidant compounds like polyphenolics scavenge such free radicals and thus protect against oxidative stress. Consumption of polyphenol-rich plants as dietary component confers protection against such cellular damage. Present study explores antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of different extracts prepared from various parts of &lt;em&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/em&gt; Lam. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Higher TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity was shown by methanolic extracts followed by aqueous, petroleum benzene and chloroform extracts. The present study suggests that all the extracts might act as radical scavengers to certain extent possibly due to presence of polyphenolic compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; exhibits strong antioxidant activity and could serve as prospective source of natural antioxidants to food and health industries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, sequential extract, oxidation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swati Vyas, Sumita Kachhwaha and S.L.Kothari</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swati Vyas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sumita Kachhwaha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and S.L.Kothari&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India&amp;ndash;302004&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302019&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>