<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnida Arnida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dian Kurnia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutomo Sutomo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Gendola Stem (Basella Rubra L.) Ethanol Extract from South Kalimantan</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basella rubra L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gendola</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stem</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329-332</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Gendola (&lt;em&gt;Basella rubra&lt;/em&gt; L.) is a medicinal plant native to South Kalimantan. Therefore, this research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of &lt;em&gt;B. rubra &lt;/em&gt;and the specific as well as nonspecific parameters of its ethanolic stem extract through pharmacognostic tests. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The specific parameters comprise of the extract composition, phytochemical screening, TLC profile, organoleptic, and microscopic variables. Meanwhile, drying shrinkage and ash content were the non-specific parameters.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia was used as a reference for the pharmacognostic test method. Also, the antioxidant activity was determined through the DPPH method, which was based on the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; A tasteless, brownish-purple powder with a characteristic smell, was obtained from the simple organoleptic assay while the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pith, xylem, phloem, cambium, cell walls, stoma, epidermal, guard, and neighboring cells were observed through microscopic examinations. The &lt;em&gt;B. rubra&lt;/em&gt; stem contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. A good TLC profile was shown by the eluents of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3:7) and chloroform: methanol (9:1). The &lt;em&gt;B. rubra&lt;/em&gt; simplicia stem had a water- and ethanol-soluble extract, drying shrinkage, total ash, and acid insoluble ash contents of 16.433% ± 0.252, 10.5% ± 0.173, 8.467% ± 0.153, 6.5% ± 0.1, and 0.517% ± 0.115, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Moreover, the pharmacognostic test results were acceptable. The B. rubra stem ethanol extract had an antioxidant activity of 344,096 ppm based on the IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arnida Arnida*, Dian Kurnia, Sutomo Sutomo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University Jl. A. Yani Km 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onyekere Peculiar Feenna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Odoh Uchenna Estella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peculiar-Onyekere Chioma Obianuju</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nwafor Felix Ifeanyi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ezugwu Christopher Obodike</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Studies of Leaves of Psydrax horizontalis Schum. and Thonn (Rubiaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psydrax horizontalis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">541-550</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Psydrax horizontalis &lt;/em&gt;Schum. and Thonn; is used traditionally in the treatment of malaria, fever, and management of diabetes in Nsukka, South-eastern Nigeria. Owing to its increasing ethno-medicinal relevance, proper identification and evaluation are vital to prevent adulteration. This research article presents a detailed pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation on the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Psydrax horizontalis&lt;/em&gt; which will be used in its identification and consequent standardization. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The fresh and powdered leaves were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic features. Physicochemical properties and phytochemical screening were carried out based on standard procedures by World Health Organization (WHO).&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Psydrax horizontalis &lt;/em&gt;is a petiolate, stipulate and compound bi-pinnate leaf with reticulate venation, entire margin, chordate base and has opposite leaf arrangement. Microscopic diagnostic characters observed were paracytic stomata, unicellular covering trichomes, microsphenoidal shaped calcium oxalate crystals, lignified vessels and fibres as well as numerous starch grains. The total ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash, acid insoluble ash compositions were 6.5, 0.5, 2.75 and 0.5% respectively. The moisture content, alcohol soluble extractive and water soluble extractive values obtained were 8.8, 3.8 and 3.7% respectively. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening showed flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenols and alkaloids at 100.00±0.035, 22.00±0.036, 19.50±0.024, 15.00±0.032 and 13.00±0.014 mg/g respectively as the major phytochemical constituents. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The pharmacognostic standards of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Psydrax horizontalis &lt;/em&gt;were determined and serve as quality control parameters for their purity, identification and standardization.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">541</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Onyekere Peculiar Feenna&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Odoh Uchenna Estella&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Peculiar-Onyekere Chioma Obianuju&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nwafor Felix Ifeanyi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ezugwu Christopher Obodike&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emelia Oppong Bekoe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakubu Jibira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gladys Amponsah Agyei</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Heavy Metal and Microbiological Analysis of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbiological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541-1546</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/em&gt; leaves is one of the highly patronized herbs on the Ghanaian market. It is used for the treatment and prevention of several diseases. It is imperative that available and effective methods can be utilized to assess the quality of samples before being consumed. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;A study of the leaves was conducted to ascertain its physicochemical, phytochemical, heavy metal and microbiological content to develop a simple but acceptable criteria which could be useful in ensuring the quality of this crude drug. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The qualitative and quantitative morphological features, physicochemical, phytochemical, microbial load and flouresent features of the leaves of&lt;em&gt; M. oleifera &lt;/em&gt;were evaluated. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; leaves were found to be glaborous with opposite leaflet, leaflet tripinnate, with a micronate apex and possessing an entire margin. Microscopy showed vein islets, rosette calcium oxalate crystals, polygonal epidermal cells and unicellular trichomes. The 50 % ethanol soluble extractives of &lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; were highest, followed by the water and petroleum ether. Tannins, alkaloids, gylcosides, phenols, flavonoids, phenols, gums, and mucilage were present. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The documented pharmacognostic features may be used as part of daily protocols to correctly identify and determine the quality of the the crude plant. The preliminary phytochemical, heavy metal and microbiological limits can be further used to ascertain the quality of raw materials of &lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; before they are used.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1541</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emelia Oppong Bekoe&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Yakubu Jibira&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Gladys Amponsah Agyei&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emelia Oppong Bekoe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cindy Kitcher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Debrah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patrick Amoateng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paul Owusu Donkor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarfoa Martinson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Study on Phyllanthus amarus; Pharmacognostic, Mycobactericidal and Mutagenic Properties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutagenic activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. amarus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuberculosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1732-1739</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus amarus&lt;/em&gt; is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments which include gonorrhoea, jaundice, diabetes, kidney diseases, bladder and intestinal infections, influenza, measles, viral infections, and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis treatment is faced with many challenges, resulting in a prolonged treatment regimen and potential treatment failure. There is a need to search for more favourable treatment options. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed at investigating the pharmacognostic and mycobactericidal properties of &lt;em&gt;P. amarus. &lt;/em&gt;Since toxicity could also be an issue, the mutagenic activity of this plant was also assessed. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical characteristics were assessed with reference to the Quality Control Methods for Herbal Material WHO (2011). The mycobactericidal activity was determined by the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, while mutagenicity was investigated by the Ames test. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;P. amarus &lt;/em&gt;contained tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and steroids. The 50% ethanol extract exhibited activity against &lt;em&gt;M. smegmatis&lt;/em&gt; at 100 mg/mL with an inhibitory zone of 2.0 cm.&lt;em&gt; P. amarus&lt;/em&gt; had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 mg/mL while that of rifampin was 0.1 μg/mL. &lt;em&gt;P. amarus&lt;/em&gt; showed weak mutagenicity at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The documented pharmacognostic characteristics can be used for quality control of the crude plant material. The mycobactericidal activity also affirmed its folkloric use in the treatment of tuberculosis. The mycobactericidal activity can be further exploited for drug development.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1732</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emelia Oppong Bekoe&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Cindy Kitcher&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Philip Debrah&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Patrick Amoateng&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Paul Owusu Donkor&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sarfoa Martinson&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, GHANA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Messan Koffi Adjogblé</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batomayena Bakoma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kossi Metowogo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kodjovi Dotsè Amouzou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yao Potchoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kwashie Eklu-gadegbeku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kodjo A Aklikokou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menssanvi Gbeassor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Studies and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia Annua L. Grown in Togo</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artemisia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artemisinin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenols</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1331-1335</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Artemisia annua &lt;/em&gt;grown in Togo is used as an antimalaria drug. The present study shows a detailed analysis of pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf powder and root that will be used for the purpose of identification, authentication, and consequent standardization. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Both the leaf and root were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic features. The physicochemical parameters of the leaf powder and its phytochemical screening were done based on its total phenols and flavonoïd content. Artemisinin content was also performed using weigh method after extraction. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Physicochemical evaluation yielded water, alcohol, acetone, methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether soluble extractive values which are 2.25%, 1.25%, 4.22%, 8.12% and 3.77% (w/w), respectively. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors to the leaf powder when observed under visible, UV light 254 and 365 nm. Phytochemical screening of leaf powder showed the presence of alkaloïds, flavonoïd, and anthracene derivatives. Total phenols and flavonoïd content were 32.5 ± 0.67 mEq Gallic Acid/100 mg and 11.3 ± 1.52. mgEq Quercetin/100 mg, respectively. Artemisinin content value was 0.009% (w/w). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Various pharmacognostic parameters which were evaluated assisted in identification and standardization of &lt;em&gt;A. annua &lt;/em&gt;leaf in powder and crude form.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1331</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Messan Koffi Adjogblé&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Batomayena Bakoma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Kossi Metowogo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, David Amouzou&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Yao Potchoo&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Kwashie Eklu-gadegbeku&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Kodjo A. Aklikokou&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Menssanvi Gbeassor&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Po Box: 1515 Lomé, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Po Box: 1515 Lomé, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;House of Artemisia Biodélice, Achanvé Tsévié, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kopila Adhikari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KN Anuradha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N. Prabhu Suchitra</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPTLC Finger Printing of Rhizome of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. and F. from Nepal</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlorophytum borivilianum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shveta Musali</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">963-968</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Chlorophytum borivilianum&lt;/em&gt; Sant. and F.; commonly known as Shveta Musali from the family Liliaceae is a perennial herb. It is used in Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Unani and in folklore practice as an aphrodisiac herb. Present study depicts pharmacognostic features of &lt;em&gt;Chlorophytum borivilianum&lt;/em&gt; Sant. and F. collected from Nepal. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Macromicroscopic analyses, physico-chemical studies and HPTLC finger printing of rhizomes of &lt;em&gt;Chlorophytum borivilianum&lt;/em&gt; Sant. and F. were carried out according to pharmacopoeial procedures. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Microscopic analysis has shown presence of epidermis, cork, cortex, collenchymatous cells, starch grains, cluster crystals of calcium oxalate, idioblast, phloem, vascular bundles, pitted xylem parenchyma, sclereids, stone cells, fragment of epiblema, and acicular needles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, resins and saponins. TLC photo-documentation revealed presence of many phyto-constituents with different Rf values and HPTLC densitometric scan of the plates showed numerous bands under short UV, long UV and 620 nm (after derivatisation). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Chlorophytum borivilianum&lt;/em&gt; Sant. and F. was evaluated for its pharmacognostic features and HPTLC. These specific identities will be useful in identification and authentication of the raw drug.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">963</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kopila Adhikari&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt; KN Anuradha&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; N. Prabhu Suchitra&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SDM Research Center for Ayurveda and Allied Science, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gengqiu Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaojing Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiudi Lai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xue Gong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shengguo Ji</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Studies of Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacog Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Histochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poir</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychotria rubra(Lour.)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January-2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/474</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Various traditional systems of medicine enlightened the importance of &lt;em&gt;Psychotria rubra&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Poir to have a great medicinal value. The present study was carried out to provide a scientific basis of the identification and the authenticity of &lt;em&gt;Psychotria rubra &lt;/em&gt;(Lour.) Poir with the help of pharmacognostic parameters, which is not done before. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Roots, stems, and leaves of &lt;em&gt;P. rubra were&lt;/em&gt; collected for Pharmacognostic studies involving macros, microscopic evaluation, histochemistry and physicochemical parameters analysis like Ash value, Moisture content, Fluorescence analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography&lt;em&gt; et al&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Transverse section of root was found like stone cells, calcium oxalate crystal and vessels in circular shape. Transverse section of stem showed the presence of lenticels and stone cell bands. Transverse section of leaf vein revealed the presence of shaft type of porosity. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of cork cells, stone cells, crystals and resin, fibers, needle crystal beam, thread tracheid and scalariform tracheid. Phytochemical investigation was found like alkaloids, flavones, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins and volatile oils. Results obtained in physicochemical parameters like Total ash value, acid insoluble ash and moisture content were 9.77%, 0.68% and 1.28%, respectively. The leaching degree of &lt;em&gt;P. rubra&lt;/em&gt; was higher in ethanol(75%, v/v) and methanol solutions than that in chloroform, petroleum ether, and tetrachloromethane solutions. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the extract revealed 4 spots with the Rf values 0.47, 0.46, 0.46, 0.47 with the solvent system of chloroform: methanol: water: formic acid(7:3:1:0.1). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The observations confirmed that&lt;em&gt; P. rubra &lt;/em&gt;has an obvious Pharmacognostic characteristics, which will be useful towards providing a reliable basis for identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gengqiu Tang, Xiaojing Lin, Xiudi Lai, Xue Gong, Shengguo Ji&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, CHINA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denisse Vega-Gaxiola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexis Emus-Medina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jose Basilio Heredia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Study of Leaves of Hedeoma patens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical/ Nutraceutical Industries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essential oils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hedeoma patens J</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregano</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">921-924</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Oregano is a plant consumed as a spice and used to a lesser extent as a medicinal plant for the treatment of respiratory and stomach diseases, among others. Oregano is made up of a large number of species and is currently under study for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. However, pharmacognostic studies of some wild species are lacking. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The present research aims to identify taxonomically and to evaluate the morphological characteristics of &lt;em&gt;Hedeoma patens&lt;/em&gt;, a plant used as oregano in Mexico. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The specimens were identified as &lt;em&gt;Hedeoma patens&lt;/em&gt; J. and their main morphological features were trichome-pelted sites for synthesis of essential oils. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The plant used in Badiraguato, Sinaloa is &lt;em&gt;Hedeoma patens&lt;/em&gt; J. and the structures that synthesize phenolic compounds and essential oils could suggest a potential use of this plant and will form a basis for future research.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">921</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo, Denisse Vega-Gaxiola, Alexis Emus-Medina, Jose Basilio Heredia* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Centro de Investigaci&amp;oacute;n en Alimentaci&amp;oacute;n y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiac&amp;aacute;n, Sinaloa, M&amp;Eacute;XICO. 80110.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supattra Klangprapun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjaporn Buranrat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanida Caichompoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somsak Nualkaew</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Studies of Enhalus acoroides (L.F.) Royle (Rhizome)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhalus acoroides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroscopic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s89-s94</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The rhizome of&lt;em&gt; Enhalus acoroides&lt;/em&gt; (L.f.) Royle is used in traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases e.g. muscle pains, wounds and stomach problems where pharmacognostical studies are lacking. Many chemical constituents; luteolin, apigenin, luteolin glycosides, stigmasterol, daucosterol have been reported. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostical evaluation. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Macroscopical, microscopical and physicochemical parameters were assessed.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;E. acoroides&lt;/em&gt; has characteristic morphology. Microscopical studies indicated the presence of vessels, fiber, parenchyma cells, sclereids, tracheids and trichomes. Physicochemical parameters of &lt;em&gt;E. acoroides&lt;/em&gt; rhizome; foreign matter, loss on drying and total ash content were measured. As well as chemical investigation through TLC and HPLC were specified. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study of &lt;em&gt;E. acoroides&lt;/em&gt; rhizome provides useful information that can serve as a diagnostic tool for the standardization of &lt;em&gt;E. acoroides &lt;/em&gt;and will be helpful in characterization of the crude drug in the market.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s89</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Supattra Klangprapun&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Benjaporn Buranrat&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Wanida Caichompoo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Somsak Nualkaew&lt;sup&gt;2,* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suresh Kumar Karri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angappan Sheela</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative in vitro Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Standardized Five Select Medicinal Herbs and Spectral Analysis of Boerhavia erecta L. (Nyctaginaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NBT assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitric oxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF -α</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2017 </style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.57</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">336-344</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present work compares standardized hydro-alcoholic extracts of root and stem parts of &lt;em&gt;Boerhavia erecta L.&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nyctaginaceae&lt;/em&gt;), l&lt;em&gt;eaves of Plumeria acuminate&lt;/em&gt; R. Br. (Apocyanaceae), rhizomes of &lt;em&gt;Alpinia galanga&lt;/em&gt; Sw. (&lt;em&gt;Zingiberaceae&lt;/em&gt;), whole plant of &lt;em&gt;Picrorhiza kurroa&lt;/em&gt; Royle ex Benth. (Plantaginaceae), fruits of Trapa natans L. (Trapaceae) for their &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities, commonly used by the Trichigadi tribes (Kotas) of south India for various inflammatory disorders. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Antidiabetic activity of these herbal extracts was assessed through inhibition of glycosylation of hemoglobin and glucose uptake in yeast cells methods at 50, 100 and 200 &amp;mu;g/mL for 72 h. Their respective immunomodulatory activities were evaluated through preservation of heat and hypotonic induced hemolysis, nitroblue terazolium assay and by inhibition of TNF-&amp;alpha; and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW cell lines. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; B. erecta has shown least cytotoxicity (CTC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 15.7%) and highest % inhibition of TNF-&amp;alpha; (58.1) and NO (45.6), statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) to that of normal control. Also, B. erecta (BE), and P. acuminate (PA) exhibited relatively better IC50 values for TNF-&amp;alpha; and NO at a concentration less than their respective CTC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: Spectral analysis of chloroform fraction of BE hydro-alcoholic extract established the presence of biologically active molecule in it. Root and stem parts of BE extract not only proved to be safe but also demonstrated relatively better efficacy than other established medicinal herbs in selected immune models, may be due to flavonoids or phenolic groups. Further &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; studies on active molecule of BE towards antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activity are warranted.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">336</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suresh Kumar Karri, Angappan Sheela* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islamudin Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neneng Silfi Siti Ambarwati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Arifuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laode Rijai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Mun’im</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Indonesia Native Plant of Piper acre Blume Leaves (Piperaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piper acre Blume</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">preliminary phytochemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2017 </style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.68</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">400-404</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Piper acre&lt;/em&gt; Blume (Piperaceae) is an Indonesia native plant that is used as a traditional medicine and commonly known as &lt;em&gt;&amp;lsquo;Sirih Hitam&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo; or &lt;em&gt;&amp;lsquo;Sirih Hutan&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;. The scientific data from the plant is still very limited. The aims of the present study was to know a pharmacognostic, and cytotoxicity of &lt;em&gt;P. acre&lt;/em&gt; Blume leaf. The macroscopic characters showed that the leaves have a characteristic odor, heart-shaped, margin was finely flat, venation was curved, the upper surface was dark green and slippery while the lower surface was pale green and soft. The microscopic characters revealed upper and lower epidermis cells, glandular trichomes, concentric vascular bundle, paracytic stomata. The fluorescence characteristics showed a variety of chemical constituents present in the plant materials. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of various extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, tannin, carotenoid, and steroid. The physicochemical properties (yield, color, consistency) of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract were 31.57% w/w (green concentrated solid), 13,59% w/w (green concentrated solid), and 16.35% w/w (brownish green liquid). Based on the cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality assay of the n-hexane extract (2.46 &amp;mu;g/ml), ethyl acetate extract (0.925 &amp;mu;g/ml), and ethanol extract (5.741 &amp;mu;g/ml) showed that the extract had the cytotoxic activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">400</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Islamudin Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Neneng Silfi Siti Ambarwati&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Arifuddin&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Laode Rijai&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Mun&amp;rsquo;im&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Health and Beauty, Faculty of Engineering, Jakarta State University, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deepa Yadav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Salim Reshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadhana Shrivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalini Srivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sangeeta Shukla</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macro-Microscopic evaluation, Physicochemical analysis and HPTLC Finger printing of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Rhizome</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curculigo orchioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPTLC fingerprinting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality control.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Standaridisation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">430-434</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Curculigo orchioides &lt;/em&gt;Gaertn. Family Hypoxydaceae (Amaryllidaceae) is a perennial herb with finger like rhizome. Its rhizomes have been significantly used in treatment of various ailments including cancer. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Macro-microscopic analyses, physico-chemical studies and HPTLC finger printing of rhizomes of &lt;em&gt;C. orchioides&lt;/em&gt; were performed according to pharmacopoeial procedures.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Microscopic analysis has shown rows of rectangular and conical cells in cork, thin walled cortex, parenchymatous cells, starch grains, crystal of calcium oxalate, mucilage cell and spiral xylem vessel in the rhizomes of &lt;em&gt;C. orchioides&lt;/em&gt;. Physicochemical studies revealed loss on drying (10.469%), total ash (8.463%), acid insoluble ash (1.10%), water-soluble ash (2.163%), alcohol soluble extractive value (3.036%), and water-soluble extractive value (22.666%) of the raw drug. Ethanol extract of the plant were fingerprinted in petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (7.0:3.0) solvent system and scanned densitometrically after dipping in anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent followed by heating at 105&amp;deg;C. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These specific identities will be useful in identification and authentication of the raw drug in dried form.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">430</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deepa Yadav&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohd Salim Reshi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sadhana Shrivastava&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nalini Srivastava&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Sangeeta Shukla&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;UNESCO-Trace Element Satellite Center, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;SDM Center of Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D S N B K Prasanth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atla Srinivasa Rao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajendra Prasad Yejella</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Leaves of Aralia Racemosa L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisocytic stomata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aralia racemosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bicolateral vascular bundles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lignified fibers.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosette shaped calcium oxalate crystals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-254</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Ethnomedicinally, the entire plant and its parts are generally utilized by local people for the treatment of different aliment conditions without standardization. The standardization of crude drug is a crucial part of establishing its correct identity. Prior to any crude drug can be included in an herbal pharmacopeia, pharmacognostic and physicochemical param&amp;shy;eters and standards to be established. &lt;em&gt;Aralia racemosa &lt;/em&gt;L. perennial herb belongs to family Araliaceae. It is commonly known as American Spike&amp;shy;nard. It is traditionally used in the treatment of Rheumatism, Whooping cough, skin diseases, pleurisy, diaphoretic, diuretic, pulmonary diseases, asthma, rheumatism, diarrhea, stimulant, expectorant, syphilis, Inflamma&amp;shy;tion and Hay fever. In the view of lack of pharmacognostic study of leaf of &lt;em&gt;Aralia racemosa &lt;/em&gt;L. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The macroscopical, microscopical and physicochemical parameters were assessed according to WHO Quality Control Methods for herbal materials. The leaves of &lt;em&gt;Aralia racemosa&lt;/em&gt;. L was subjected for successive solvent extraction and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out, along with florescence analysis of leaf Pow&amp;shy;der with different reagents were evaluated. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Macroscopy of the leaves showed oval to rounded shape with tooted margin, cordate base and pointed tip. Microscopic studies revealed the presence of anisocytic stomata, bicolateral vascular bundles, lignified fibers, spiral vessels and rosette shaped calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, extractive values, ash content and fluorescent behav&amp;shy;ior of leaf powder were also determined. Preliminary Phytochemical analy&amp;shy;sis revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents viz., glyco&amp;shy;sides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of current study could be served as a diagnostic tool for the standardization of this medicinal plant and will helpful in characterization of the crude drug.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D S N B K Prasanth&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Atla Srinivasa Rao&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rajendra Prasad Yejella&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, JNTUK, Kakinada- 533003, Andhra Pradesh.INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C.V. Panchal,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jyotiram A. Sawale,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B. N. Poul,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khandelwal, K. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic studies of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley fruits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhopla</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cucurbitaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lagenaria siceraria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">standardization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18th Feb,2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07-11</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Lagenaria siceraria&lt;/em&gt; (LS) fruits belonging to Cucurbitaceae family is widely used in Indian traditional medicine for its various medicinal values. As per best of our knowledge there were no pharmacognostical reports, specifically to determine anatomical and other physicochemical standards required for its standardization. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study various standardization parameters like macroscopic and microscopic studies, physico-chemical constants, extractive values and preliminary phytochemical screening were studied and reported. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Different standardization parameters were reported, which would be of immense use to identify and establish the authenticity of the plant. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Preliminary pharmacognostic evaluation of &lt;em&gt;Lagenaria siceraria&lt;/em&gt; fruits can give some useful information, which will be further used for standardization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Pharmacognostic, Bhopla, Cucurbitaceae, standardization, Lagenaria siceraria.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C.V. Panchal&lt;sup&gt;a,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Jyotiram A. Sawale&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, B. N. Poul&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; and K.R. Khandelwal&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Maharashtra College of Pharmacy, Nilanga, Dist. Latur (M.S.) PIN-413521&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;IES College of Pharmcy, Kalkheda Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal (M.P.) PIN-462001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy and Research, Tathwade, Pune-33 (M.S.)&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dishant Desai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sumitra Chanda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic study and physicochemical analysis of leaves of Terminalia  arjuna</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terminalia arjuna.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3rd Sept, 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-19</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of present study was to carry out Pharmacognostic and physicochemical analysis of &lt;em&gt;Terminalia arjuna&lt;/em&gt; (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn. (family;Combretaceae) leaf. &lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study deals with pharmacognostic characters as identification parameters of the leaves which were subjected to macro and microscopic studies. Phyto- physicochemical studies were done by using WHO recommended parameters and fluorescent behaviour of the leaf sample was also tested.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The microscopy study revealed the presence of anomocytic stomata, trichome, xylem fibres, calcium oxalate crystals, vascular bundles, etc. Macroscopic study show alternate thick-coriaceous base obtuse-subcordate while margin was crenate-serrate, obtuse or sub acute at apex. Physiochemical parameters such as ash values, loss on drying, extractive values, fluorescence analysis were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides and saponins. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The microscopic and physiochemical analysis of the &lt;em&gt;T. arjuna&lt;/em&gt; leaf is useful in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Terminalia arjuna&lt;/em&gt;, pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical, leaf&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dishant Desai and Sumitra Chanda&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University - Rajkot, 360 005, Gujarat, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaibhav Srivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subodh Dubey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varun Chaddha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaurav Goyanar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Stem Bark of Ailanthus Excelsa Roxb</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ailanthus excelsa roxb</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">structural identity.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-Aug,2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The present study was aimed for Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical studies of stem bark of&lt;em&gt; Ailanthus excelsa&lt;/em&gt; Roxb belonging to the family Simarubaceae. The pharmacognostic investigation was carried out in terms of macroscopic, microscopic parameters. The extract obtained after successive Soxhlet extraction of dried and coarsely powdered stem bark using Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, phytosterols and triterpenenoids. The present investigation reflects the structural identity and chemical nature of the crude drug which could be useful in laying down pharmacopoeial standards as standardization is an important aspect in assessing the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ailanthus excelsa roxb&lt;/em&gt; , pharmacognostic, phytochemical, structural identity&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vaibhav Srivastava&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Subodh Dubey&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Varun Chaddha&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Gaurav Goyanar&lt;sup&gt; 4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagaji Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gwalior (M.P.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;IPS College of Pharmacy, Shivpuri Link road, Gwalior, (M.P.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Sri Ram Nath Singh Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gwalior (M.P.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Sagar Institute of Research &amp;amp; Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.)&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>