<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paran Rayan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Matthews</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pauline Mc Donnell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Analysis of Tasmannia lanceolata Extracts and Inhibition of Giardia duodenalis Proliferation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative therapies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Giardial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-oxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Complementary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gastrointestinal parasite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giardisis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tasmanian pepper.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">291-299</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Giardiasis is a debilitating disease caused by gastrointestinal parasites of the genus &lt;em&gt;Giardia. Tasmannia lanceolata &lt;/em&gt;(Tasmanian pepper berry) has a high anti-oxidant capacity and has documented therapeutic properties for a variety of pathogenic diseases. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Solvent extracts of &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata &lt;/em&gt;berry and leaf were investigated for the ability to block &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis&lt;/em&gt; growth. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of the extracts which displayed inhibitory activity were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; nauplii bioassay. Active extracts were analysed by non-targeted HPLC-QTOF mass spectroscopy (with screening against 3 compound databases) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in crude plant extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Methanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata &lt;/em&gt;berry and leaf extracts displayed potent &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis&lt;/em&gt; growth inhibitory activity. The methanolic extracts were the most potent growth inhibitors with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of approximately 180 &amp;micro;g/ml and 420 &amp;micro;g/ml for the berry and leaf methanolic extracts respectively. The aqueous, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis&lt;/em&gt; growth, albeit with lower potency. HPLC-QTOF mass spectroscopy analysis of the extracts identified 45 compounds which were present in all &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata &lt;/em&gt;berry extracts. Forty of these were putatively identified by screening against 3 compound databases. All &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata&lt;/em&gt; berry and leafextracts were nontoxic in the &lt;em&gt;Artemia fransiscana&lt;/em&gt; bioassay. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The low toxicity of the &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata&lt;/em&gt; extracts and their potent &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis&lt;/em&gt; growth inhibitory bioactivity indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of this disease.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">291</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paran Rayan&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ben Matthews&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Pauline Mc Donnell&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ian Edwin Cock&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Smartwaters Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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