<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudresh Adarkar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandrashekar K S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudev Pai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard Lobo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aswatharam H N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ullas Prakash D’Souza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajesh Kaverikana Shankara</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacological Potential of Dioscorea bulbifera and its Potential Hepatotoxicity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air potato</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dioscorea bulbifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520-530</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dioscorea bulbifera&lt;/em&gt;, or the air potato has been studied and used in traditional medicine for centuries particularly in countries like China and India. It is loaded in different secondary metabolites such as steroidal saponins, flavonoids, diterpenoids, tannins, and carotenoids, which all play a major role in its pharmacological activities. Researchers have shown that it can be useful in the treatment of inflammation, microbial infections, oxidative stress, cancer, and liver diseases. even with these benefits there remains a shortage of clinical trials, toxicity assessment, and standardized extraction procedures to facilitate its application in herbal drug industry in a safe manner. One of the most striking features of &lt;em&gt;Dioscorea bulbifera&lt;/em&gt; is its antimicrobial activity especially in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. also, studies done on anticancer activity are actively being conducted with some compounds being reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and suppress the growth of tumour. However, talking about its drawbacks some diterpenoid compounds such as diosbulbin A have been reported to show hepatotoxicity in humans and hence further studies are required to determine its safety for therapeutic purposes. The other significant challenge to developing this plant as a standard drug is its variability in chemical composition. The bioactive content is dependent on its cultivation, so it is quite a challenge to control for consistent potency. Sophisticated analytical methods such as HPLC and LC-MS could be utilized to overcome this and contemporary drug delivery systems like nano-formulations could enhance its absorption and bioavailability. Bringing together the ancient herbal knowledge and new scientific inquiry might reveal even greater therapeutic applications of the plant constituents. In the future the studies need to penetrate deeply into its safety, carry out extensive clinical trials, and explore sustainable mechanisms for massproducing its major compounds. With additional studies,&lt;em&gt; Dioscorea bulbifera&lt;/em&gt; could become a prominent natural medicine, providing solutions for numerous health conditions while maintaining its traditional medicinal significance.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rudresh Adarkar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Chandrashekar K S&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudev Pai&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Richard Lobo&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Aswatharam H N, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ullas Prakash D’Souza&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Rajesh Kaverikana Shankara&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University, K S Hegde Medical Academy), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, INDIA – 575018.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanda Shekwa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mashilo Mash Matotoka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsolanku Sydney Maliehe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter Masoko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, In-Silico Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Profile of a Phytosterol Isolated from The Leaves of Carissa Bispinosa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carissa bispinosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular docking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacokinetics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Carissa bispinosa (L.)&lt;/em&gt; Desf. Ex-Brenan is a medicinal plant widely used in South Africa. The study reports on the isolation of a phytosterol from &lt;em&gt;C. bispinosa&lt;/em&gt; along with molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies. The phytochemicals were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol. The compound was isolated following a bioactivity-guided isolation protocol using column-chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used for compound characterisation. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using bioautography and micro-broth dilution assays. AutoDock vina, SwissADME and ADMET lab were used for molecular docking, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, respectively. Drug-likeness was evaluated based on Lipinski's rule of five (Ro5). The isolated compound was identified as β-sitosterol. It had an anti-S. aureus activity of (0.31 mg/mL). It revealed binding scores of -7.2 and -6.4 kcal/mol against penicillin-binding protein and DNA gyrase, respectively. It violated one of Ro5 (MLOGP &amp;gt; 4.15). It has no inhibitory effects against isoforms of cytochrome P450. Moreover, it demonstrated no adverse effect on skin, non-carcinogenic and non-hepatotoxic effects. Based on the results, β-sitosterol can be considered as potential anti-&lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; drug. Further studies may focus on ascertaining the mechanism of action &lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; and investigating the synergistic effects of the compound with conventional drugs.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wanda Shekwa, Mashilo Mash Matotoka, Tsolanku Sydney Maliehe, Peter Masoko*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Biochemistry, microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bilguun Enkhbat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buyankhishig Dorjsuren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tserennadmid Erdenebaatar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myagmarsuren Badamtsetseg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zolbayar Baasanjav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enkhtuul Bayarsaikhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinezaya Dashbaljir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khatanbold Otgonbayar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buyanjargal Erdenebat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jambaninj Dambiinyam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otgonsuren Daramzav</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Technological Study on The Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts Via Biosynthesis Methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bio reducing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-friendly</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mongolian plants</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1124-1130</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Silver nanoparticles are better than other metal nanoparticles in terms of antimicrobial activity and stability. Recently, the biosynthesis method has been widely used, known for being ecofriendly and having lower toxicity compared to other methods of obtaining metal nanoparticles. This method is characterized by the use of active pharmaceutical ingredients contained in medicinal plants as stabilizers or bio reducers to produce silver nanoparticles. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles using extracts from the upper parts of&lt;em&gt; Cacalia hastata&lt;/em&gt; L.,&lt;em&gt; Thymus gobicus &lt;/em&gt;Czern., and &lt;em&gt;Glycyrrhiza uralensis &lt;/em&gt;Fisch., which were collected from various provinces from Mongolia. These medicinal plants are used as bio reducing agents. We determined the most sensitive light absorption of each sample with purified silver nanoparticles using a UV-M51 ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Sizes and distributions were analyzed through Nanophox Particle Size Analysis, while morphological structure was examined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The formations of nanoparticles were determined with instruments such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The appropriate formation times for nanoparticles were 24 minutes with &lt;em&gt;Cacalia hastata&lt;/em&gt; L. extract and 16 minutes with &lt;em&gt;Thymus gobicus &lt;/em&gt;Czern. extract. XRD analysis revealed characteristic peaks at 38.15°, 44.3°, and 64.55°, indicating the formation of a crystalline structure and confirming the presence of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: Furthermore, these nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against both &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;E. coli.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bilguun Enkhbat&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Buyankhishig Dorjsuren&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Tserennadmid Erdenebaatar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Myagmarsuren Badamtsetseg&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Zolbayar Baasanjav&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Enkhtuul Bayarsaikhan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Shinezaya Dashbaljir&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Khatanbold Otgonbayar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Buyanjargal Erdenebat&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Jambaninj Dambiinyam&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Otgonsuren Daramzav&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Intermed Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maslichah Mafruchati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan Irjani Wan Ismail</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa Oleifera had Immunomodulatory Effects on Sheep that had Been Infected by Fasciola Gigantica, Clostridium Novyi Naturally and Impact to Fasciola gigantica Non-Embryonated</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthelmintic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytokines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moringa oleifera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public health.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">304-309</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;M., which received a (C), was the study's main objective. The whole thing was eaten. a couple of quotes from (C. dispersed in a liquid. has antibacterial properties (&lt;em&gt;E. elegans&lt;/em&gt;). It's necessary to remove the body. C. Eczema on the face is comparable to this. Sheep and novyi both had organic infections. &lt;em&gt;novyi.&lt;/em&gt; Following different combinations of treatments, a heavy dose of treatment, and a light dose, fasciolitis manifested in all three groups of infected sheep. The treatment groups received an oral 150 mg/kg aqueous &lt;em&gt;M. oleifera &lt;/em&gt;leaf extract every 48 hours for 21 days. Body mass, fecal egg counts, blood anti-Fasciola IgG levels, cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, and IL-10), and C. the elegans' bacterial inhabitants jokingly strike up a conversation with everyone there. Sheep with light and heavy infections gained more weight after receiving &lt;em&gt;M. oleifera&lt;/em&gt; treatment and had lower fecal egg counts than control groups; sheep with light infection had a 100% reduction in egg count. The serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-17, and IgG all significantly decreased after M. oleifera treatment. There were significantly higher levels of IL-10 in sheep with both mild and severe infections. C's feces contained noticeably fewer bacteria after taking moringa extract. The two novyi groups had varying degrees of infection severity. Fabricio (F. (as well as OleiferaMdot). C. &lt;em&gt;noteworthy&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;novyi.&lt;/em&gt; M. oleifera aqueous extracts showed a concentration-dependent ovicidal effect on F. gigantica non-embryonated.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">304</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maslichah Mafruchati&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Wan Irjani Wan Ismail&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (60115), UniversitasAirlangga, Mulyorejo, C Campus, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elizabeth Bosede Aladejana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Properties of Polyherbal Formulations: A Review of their Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Toxicological Activities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyherbal medicines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicological properties.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">933-963</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The use of traditional and folklore systems of medicine has been an important part of healthcare worldwide, and polyherbal formulations, which are combinations of different herbs, are gaining recognition for their medicinal and therapeutic potential. These formulations can be optimized to have stronger therapeutic effects with lower toxicity. The aim of this study was to review research on the antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and toxicological properties of polyherbal formulations around the world, with a view to promoting their use and identifying areas where further research is needed. The author analyzed 99 articles published between 2010 and 2022, using scientific search engines such as Elsevier, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus, to assess the use of polyherbal formulations in different countries. This article enlists some commercial and non-commercial polyherbal formulations all around the world with India leading in the number of publications on polyherbal formulations, followed by Nigeria, and Pakistan. The various pharmacological studies conducted have shown that polyherbal medicines possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and toxicological properties, hence, validating their traditional use. However, further clinical work is required to fully understand the therapeutic potential of polyherbal formulations. The growing interest in the therapeutic use of non-toxic conventional medicinal plants as low-cost alternatives for disease prevention and treatment has made natural products valuable tools for creating new lead compounds and scaffolds. Plants will continue to play a pivotal role in the discovery of drugs for human diseases, and the development of potent cures derived from plants would represent significant progress in the treatment of diseases.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">933</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elizabeth Bosede Aladejana*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Electron Microscope Unit; Medicinal Plants for Economic Development Niche Area, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SYLVIA RIZKY PRIMA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELFAHMI</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELIN JULIANTI</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irda Fidrianny</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. and ALLIUM CEPA L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaetomium globosum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endophytic fungus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Red chili</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schizophyllum commune</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329-334</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aims of this study were to identify the endophytic fungi from &lt;em&gt;Capsicum annuum &lt;/em&gt;L. and &lt;em&gt;Allium cepa &lt;/em&gt;L., to determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi isolated from&lt;em&gt; C. annuum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;A. cepa&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Endophytic fungi was isolated with potato dextrose agar (PDA) from fruits of &lt;em&gt;C. annuumand &lt;/em&gt;bulbs of&lt;em&gt; A. cepa.&lt;/em&gt; Isolate of endophytic fungi was molecular identified to know the species or genus. Cultivation was carried out on rice media, 4 weeks on room temperature and the extraction by maceration using ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity were tested by DPPH method. While antibacterial activity was tested by disk diffusion methods and microdilution methods.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Five isolates of endophytic fungi from red and green fruits of &lt;em&gt;C. annuum&lt;/em&gt; and bulb of &lt;em&gt;A. cepa &lt;/em&gt;have been isolated and the species or the genus have been confirmed. KCM 1 and KCM 2 isolates endophytic fungi from the red fruits of&lt;em&gt; C. annuum &lt;/em&gt;were confirmed as &lt;em&gt;Diaporthe sp&lt;/em&gt; and Chaetomium globosum. The KCH 1 isolate from green fruits of the &lt;em&gt;C. annuum&lt;/em&gt; was confirmed as &lt;em&gt;Trametes hirsuta. &lt;/em&gt;The KBM 1 and KBM 2 isolates from &lt;em&gt;A. cepa&lt;/em&gt; were confirmed as &lt;em&gt;Schizophyllum&lt;/em&gt; commune and &lt;em&gt;Phlebia sp. &lt;/em&gt;The highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity was exposed by ethyl acetate extract of S. commune. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Five isolates endophytic fungi from &lt;em&gt;C. annuum&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; A. cepa w&lt;/em&gt;ere &lt;em&gt;Diaporthe sp, C. globosum, T. hirsuta, S. commune&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Phlebia sp&lt;/em&gt;. Ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;S.commune &lt;/em&gt;gave highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SYLVIA RIZKY PRIMA&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, ELFAHMI&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, ELIN JULIANTI&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, IRDA FIDRIANNY&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy – Bandung of Technology, Bandung, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University August 17, 1945 Jakarta, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radebe Tlotlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedré Olivier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review on Literature of the Plant Elephantorrhiza Elephantine on its Healing Properties and Recent Acquired Knowledge of its Medicinal Activities (2000-2020)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant extracts.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">715-721</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The current review article outlines current findings in literature from undertaken studies and review articles on the plant &lt;em&gt;Elephantorrhiza elephantine&lt;/em&gt; from the past 20 years to date. The information presented in this article will include the following aspects of the plant. The plant description and taxomony, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of &lt;em&gt;Elephantorrhiza elephantine. &lt;/em&gt;The article looks to discuss existing hurdles in research found on this plant and how to integrate any previous research with what is currently done in research on the plant. It aims on guiding the path of future research direction on the plant &lt;em&gt;Elephantorrhiza elephantine&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 40 articles were selected and read through. The articles selected had included literature publications with the keywords such as; &lt;em&gt;Elephantorrhiza elephantine,&lt;/em&gt; plant description, taxonomic of the plant, ethno medicinal usages, phytochemicals, pharmacological properties and plant toxicity, which were published between the years 2000 – 2021. There were 32 articles relevant for this review article and 2 dissertation that were written between the criteria of years.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The ethomedicinal uses of &lt;em&gt;Elephantorrhiza elephantine&lt;/em&gt; have been investigated by various authors on the anti-microbial activities, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and in ethnoveterinary medicine on how the plant provides relief to individuals with illnesses/disease through its traditional uses. These studies have been conducted on both animals and humans. The experiments performed used the crude extract derived from parts of the plant such as the roots and leaves. These plant parts have phytochemical compounds that are extracted using varying polar solvents. In the animal studies, acetone extracts of &lt;em&gt;E. elephantine&lt;/em&gt; roots demonstrated significant activity against a tick-borne disease in cattle livestock and parasite worms in goats. In humans, the dried leaf extracts of &lt;em&gt;E. elephantine&lt;/em&gt; was also subjected to various polar solvents and water, investigated for phytochemical content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities, using standard methods. It was reported that the ethanol extract yielded the highest phytochemical content.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The gap in knowledge has narrowed on medicinal plants effects of healing properties. This lead by extensive research carried out trying to understand the benefits of traditional medication and why majority of the population uses it as they primary healthcare choice. Investigating the mechanism of action of &lt;em&gt;E. elephantine&lt;/em&gt; on its antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing could lead to an enhanced understanding on the medicinal properties of the plant extracts and a commercialisation of a product in future.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">715</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Radebe Tlotlo&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Dedré Olivier&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, P/Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, P/Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, P/Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hlapisi N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maliehe TS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwafemi OS</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Songca SP</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linganiso L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motaung TE</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial Activities of Cationic Porphyrins and Porphyrin Encapsulated Gold Nanorods on Bacterial Cell Lines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porphyrin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1086-1096</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Bacterial infections form part of the major causes of mortality and morbidity around the world more especially in developing and under-developed countries. Cationic porphyrins have been reported to display better efficacy in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity. The purpose of this study was to synthesise the cationic porphyrins; (TAP) and (TPyP) and evaluate their pharmacokinetics and metabolic interactions with the DNA gyrase subunit A. The antibacterial activity of the nano-conjugates was evaluated against &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/em&gt;(ATCC 25925), &lt;em&gt;Enterococcus faecalis &lt;/em&gt;(ATCC 29212) and &lt;em&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; (ATCC 4352) using the micro-dilution assay without light. AutoDock Vina was used to assess the molecular interactions between ligands and the DNA gyrase subunit A. The SwissADME online tool was used to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of the nano-conjugates, while the ADMETlab online tool was used to assess the ability to inhibit the hERG gene, human hepatotoxicity and mutagenicity. The test nano-conjugates showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains with the MIC values in a range of 0.42 ± 0.1 to2.6 ± 0.7 mg/ml. The nano-conjugates revealed good molecular interaction with DNA gyrase subunit A with their binding free energy in the range of -8.3 to -8.7 kcal/ mol. They are predicted to be P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and non-inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isomers (CYP 2C19, CYP 2C9 and CYP 2D6). Both nanoconjugates have the potential to cause cardiotoxic and mutagenic effects but not hepatotoxic effects. The results show that the synthesized compounds have the potential as anti-bacterial PDT agents.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1086</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hlapisi N&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Maliehe TS&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Oluwafemi OS&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Songca SP&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Linganiso L&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Motaung TE&lt;sup&gt;4,5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X 1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, School of Science in the College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, City of Tshwane, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, P.O. Box 94, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdullahi Aliyu Ebbo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahiru Sani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed Musa Suleiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abubakar Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adamu Zoaka Hassan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Composition, Proximate Analysis and Antimicrobial Screening of the Methanolic Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst ex a. Dc (ebenaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diospyros mespiliformis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proximate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">362-368</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Diospyros mespiliformis&lt;/em&gt; is one plant used by the natives for the treatment of certain diseases including wounds. In this present study, preliminary screening of the methanolic leaf extract of &lt;em&gt;D. mespiliformis&lt;/em&gt; was carried out for its phytochemical and proximate constituents in addition to investigating its antimicrobial activity against four bacteria species. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology:&lt;/strong&gt; Preliminary phytochemical and proximate analysis were carried out using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was conducted using the whole in-plate and broth serial micro dilution assays on two Gram positive bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium&lt;/em&gt;) and two Gram negative bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; and Escherichia coli). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, anthraquinones, flavonoids and volatile oil. Similarly, preliminary proximate analysis of the root, bark and leaf extracts of &lt;em&gt;D. mespiliformis&lt;/em&gt; exerts revealed the presence of carbohydrate, crude protein, moisture, lipid and nitrogen, ash and fibre. The extract demonstrated greater inhibitory activity on &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa, S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt; (MIC=156.25 μg/ml) than on S. typhymurium (MIC=312.5 μg/ml). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These findings revealed that the crude methanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;D. mespiliformis&lt;/em&gt; and its fractions demonstrated broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in a dose dependent manner.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">362</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abdullahi Aliyu Ebbo&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Dahiru Sani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohammed Musa Suleiman&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Abubakar Ahmed&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Adamu Zoaka Hassan&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shikha Rangra Chandel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vikas Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shikha Guleria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitin Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anuradha Sourirajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prem Kumar Khosla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David J. Baumler</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamal Dev</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequential Fractionation by Organic Solvents Enhances the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits and Leaves of Terminalia bellerica from North Western Himalayas, India</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terminalia bellerica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Terminalia bellerica&lt;/em&gt; belonging to family combretaceae is one of the major components of “Triphala”, an Ayurvedic formulation. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To evaluate antioxidant potential in the ethanolic extract and its active fraction (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n- butanol and aqueous fraction) from fruits and leaves of&lt;em&gt; Terminalia bellerica&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Folin-Ciocalteau method and aluminium chloride method was used to quantify total phenolic and flavonoid content respectively in ethanolic extract and their fractions from fruits and leaves of &lt;em&gt;T. bellerica&lt;/em&gt;. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant activity, DPPH, FRAP and total antioxidant activity methods. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Total phenolics (254.72±3.03 mg/g GAE and 227.52±1.38 mg/g GAE) and flavonoids (64.77±1.24 mg/gm RE and 75.57±1.38 mg/gm RE) content was higher in ethyl acetate fraction of both fruits and leaves sample of &lt;em&gt;T. bellerica&lt;/em&gt;, respectively. The order of free radical scavenging activities was ethyl acetate fraction &amp;gt; crude ethanolic extract &amp;gt; n-butanol fraction &amp;gt; chloroform fraction &amp;gt; aqueous fraction. Similarly, ethyl acetate fraction of both fruits and leaves exhibited more antimicrobial activity as compared to that of ethanolic extract as revealed from agar well diffusion method with diameter of zone of inhibi¬tion of 14.0±1.41 mm, 21.0±1.41 mm, 14.0±1.41 mm, 14.5±0.71 mm in fruits and 18.0±1.41 mm, 22.5±2.12 mm, 15.5±2.12 mm, 14.5±3.53 mm in leaves against &lt;em&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; S. aureus,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;, respectively. MIC values for fruits were 3.125 mg/ml, 0.375 mg/ml, 3.125 mg/ml, 3.125 mg/ml and for leaves were 1.5625 mg/ml, 0.19 mg/ml, 0.78 mg/ ml, 0.78 mg/ml against &lt;em&gt;B. subtilis,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;S. aureus,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;E. coli, K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study provides the evidence for comparative antioxidant and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of &lt;em&gt;T. bellerica&lt;/em&gt;. . Moreover, leaves can be promoted to be used for therapeutics and natural antioxidants.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shikha Rangra Chandel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Vikas Kumar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Shikha Guleria&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nitin Sharma&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sub&gt;Anuradha Sourirajan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Prem Kumar Khosla&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, David J. Baumler&lt;sup&gt;3,4,5&lt;/sup&gt;, Kamal Dev&lt;sup&gt;1,3* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Post Box No. 9, Head Post Office, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Microbial and Plant Genome Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jancy Varghese</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Rajamani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betty Daniel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial Potential of Crude Extracts of Thespesia populnea L. Flower on Multiple Drug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens in HIV/AIDS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiogram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biofilm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Docking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multidrug Resistant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opportunistic Pathogens</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/530</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590-597</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thespesia populnea&lt;/em&gt; L. commonly known as tulip tree or &amp;lsquo;portia&amp;rsquo; tree has been traditionally used for different illnesses. &lt;em&gt;Thespesia populnea&lt;/em&gt; L. is considered to have high tannin content and have high therapeutic value. &lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt; The antifungal and antibacterial potential of &lt;em&gt;T. populnea&lt;/em&gt; L. should be checked on multiple drug resistant opportunistic pathogens &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt; in HIV/AIDS patients. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In order to check the effect of antibiotics antibiogram was studied with antibiotic sensitivity discs. To study the major factor affecting resistance test on formation of biofilm was done by tube and plate methods. The dried flower powder was subjected to sauxlaut hot extraction and the crude extract was analysed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotoscopy. Antimicrobial potential of the ethyl acetate extract of the flower was checked by well agar diffusion, UV Spectrometry for growth rate and docking of selected compounds on the microbes of our study by the application of a software. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The tested extracts and the selected compounds have showed significant results in the antimicrobial activities against the opportunistic pathogens in human. Higher the concentration of the extracts better is the inhibition of microbes. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use in the management of opportunistic pathogens which are multidrug resistant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">590</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jancy Varghese&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, S Rajamani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Betty Daniel&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research Scholar, Bharathiar University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Associate professor, PG and Research Centre, St.Joseph&amp;rsquo;s College Bangalore University, Karnataka INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Head of the Department and Associate professor, PG and Research Centre, Karnataka St.Joseph&amp;rsquo;s College Bangalore University, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristiane Coimbra de Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domingos Tabajara De Oliveira Martins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karuppusamy Arunachalam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sikiru Olaitan Balogun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quessi Irias Borges</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcelo Garcia Picone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wander Miguel de Barros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regilane Matos da Silva Prado</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial Screening of Medicinal Plants Popularly used in Mato Grosso for Treating Infections: Advances on the Evaluation of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist in vitro and in vivo Antibacterial Activities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acute toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conyza bonariensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mato Grosso</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preliminary phytochemistry</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s152-s166</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study was to screen a group of medicinal plants&amp;rsquo; extracts used in the treatment of ailments related to infections in the Brazilian popular medicine. And to carry out &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; toxicity and antibacterial studies on &lt;em&gt;Conyza bonariensis &lt;/em&gt;(Asteraceae) leaves and roots methanolic extracts selected based on the screening. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Eleven methanolic extracts obtained from nine plants, reportedly used in the treatments of infections from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were initially screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities employing disc diffusion and broth micro dilution assays. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out. The most promising extract based on our results and previous literature reports was then evaluated in the &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; antibacterial activities using mouse model of bacterial infection induced by &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli.&lt;/em&gt; In addition, &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; acute toxicity was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; All of the extracts tested were active against at least one of the bacterial and fungal strain tested with activities ranging from moderate to weak. Phytochemical analyses of ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l and ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;r demonstrated the presence of free steroids and coumarins in ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l and flavonoids, tanins, free steroids, reduced anthraquinones and coumarins in ME&lt;em&gt;CB&lt;/em&gt;r. Oral administration of ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l and ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;r up to 5000 mg/kg did not provoked any toxicological events in the mice, thus suggesting that the LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; is higher than 5000 mg/kg. &lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; antibacterial assay demonstrated superior prophylactic activity of ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l compared to ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;r.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l and ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;r are safe when administered acute orally at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. Methanolic extracts of &lt;em&gt;Conyza bonariensis &lt;/em&gt;possessed in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Considerable &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; antibacterial activities were observed in bacterial infection model for both ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;l and ME&lt;em&gt;Cb&lt;/em&gt;r, effects comparable to that of meropenem, in some cases. Both extracts present in common free steroids and coumarins. The current&lt;em&gt; in vivo&lt;/em&gt; antibacterial activity study further lend supports to the use of &lt;em&gt;Conyza bonariensis&lt;/em&gt; in the treatment of infections in many traditional medicines.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s152</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristiane Coimbra de Paula&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Domingos Tabajara De Oliveira Martins&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Karuppusamy Arunachalam&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sikiru Olaitan Balogun&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Quessi Irias Borges&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Marcelo Garcia Picone&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Wander Miguel de Barros&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Regilane Matos da Silva Prado&lt;sup&gt;1,4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;Aacute;rea de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ci&amp;ecirc;ncias B&amp;aacute;sicas de Sa&amp;uacute;de, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiab&amp;aacute;, Mato Grosso, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso - AJES, Avenida Gabriel Muller, s/n, Centro, Ju&amp;iacute;na, Mato Grosso, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Programa de P&amp;oacute;s-Gradua&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o em Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educa&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, Ci&amp;ecirc;ncia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiab&amp;aacute;, Mato Grosso, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Centro Universit&amp;aacute;rio Cat&amp;oacute;lica de Quixad&amp;aacute; (UNICATOLICA), Quixad&amp;aacute;, Cear&amp;aacute;, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christine May Gaylan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John Carlo Estebal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elena M. Ragragio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Staphylococcal and Antioxidant Properties of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Macrofungi Collected from the Philippines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mushrooms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staphylococcus aureus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/405</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106-109</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Macrofungi have been used in the Philippines as source of food and traditional medicines. However, these macrofungi in the Philippines have not yet been studied for different biological activities. Thus, this research determined the potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude ethanolic extracts of seven macrofungi collected in Bataan, Philippines. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution method were used to screen for the antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging assay for the determination of antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum &lt;/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; P. pinisitus&lt;/em&gt; exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 6.55 &amp;plusmn; 0.23 mm to 7.43 &amp;plusmn; 0.29 mm against &lt;em&gt;S. aureus, D. confragosa, F. rosea, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus &lt;/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; P. pinisitus&lt;/em&gt; showed antimicrobial activities against &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; with an MIC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; ranging from 1250 &amp;mu;g/mL to 10000 &amp;mu;g/mL. &lt;em&gt;F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus&lt;/em&gt; exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with &lt;em&gt;F. rosea&lt;/em&gt; having the highest antioxidant activity among all the extracts tested (3.0 &amp;mu;g/mL). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on the results, these Philippine macrofungi showed antistaphylococcal activity independent of the antioxidant activity. These can be further studied as potential sources of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Christine May Gaylan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, John Carlo Estebal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Elena M. Ragragio&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Padre Faura Street, Ermita, Manila, PHILIPPINES.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila, PHILIPPINES.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Atun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Handayani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Rakhmawati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compound</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boesenbergia rotunda</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/517</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513-518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was conducted to identify some bioactive compounds of &lt;em&gt;Boesenbergia rotunda rhizome&lt;/em&gt; and to test as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The milled dried rhizome of &lt;em&gt;B. Rotunda&lt;/em&gt; (5kg) was extracted exhaustively with ethanol. The ethanol extract was partitioned three times by n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate respectively. Each fraction was fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and then purified by column chromatography gravitation. Structural identification of all pure compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, and NMR).The antioxidant activity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Antimicrobial character was screened for activities againts pathogenic bacteria i.e. &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; ATCC-11229, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC-0048, and Streptococcus mutans by the disk-diffusion method. The assay was done in triplicate, and chloramphenicol was used as the positive control. Results and &lt;strong&gt;Discussion:&lt;/strong&gt; From ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;B. rotunda&lt;/em&gt; three known compounds of flavanones, namely 2&amp;rsquo;,4&amp;rsquo;-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone (compound-1), 5-hydroxy-7- methoxyflavanone (compound-2), and 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (compound-3) were isolated. The ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;B. rotunda&lt;/em&gt; and the three isolated compounds -1,-2, and -3 showed an antioxidant activity with the IC value of 92.64; 46.66; 62.84, and 62.66 &amp;mu;g/mL, respectively. The zone of inhibition of extract and the three isolated compounds showed moderate activity against &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; ATCC-11229, &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; ATCC-25923, &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/em&gt; FNCC-0048, and &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/em&gt;.The maximum zone of inhibition was 13.20&amp;plusmn;0.76 mm at the maximum concentration used (500 &amp;mu;g/mL) against &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; ATCC-11229, and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) for each bacteria was found to be 0.5&amp;mu;g/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The result of the study suggests that &lt;em&gt;B. rotunda&lt;/em&gt; rhizome contains potential bioactive compounds which could be suitable for antioxidant and the treatment of various infections caused by &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; ATCC-11229, &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; ATCC- 25923, &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/em&gt; FNCC-0048, and &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">513</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sri Atun&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Sri Handayani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Anna Rakhmawati&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anirban Chouni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santanu Paul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Alpinia galanga</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1’s’-1’- Acetoxychavicolacetate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpinia galanga</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactivity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/357#ref28</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09-15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; From the ancient Vedic era, green plants are being used for their medicinal properties to treat several diseases. Green plants represent a big source of bioactive compounds. &lt;em&gt;Alpinia galanga&lt;/em&gt; (Linn.) of Zingiberaceae family is one amongst those medicinally important plants. Different parts of the plant are used in the treatment of many diseases for its anti-fungal, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antiulcer and many other properties. Several active compounds such as 1&amp;rsquo;S-1&amp;rsquo;-acetoxychavicol acetate, 1&amp;rsquo;S-1&amp;rsquo;-acetoxyeuginol acetate, 1, 8-cineol, &amp;alpha;-fenchyl acetate, &amp;beta;-farnesene, &amp;beta;-bisabolene, &amp;alpha;-bergamotene, &amp;beta;-pinene, &amp;beta;-Sitosteroldiglucoside (AG-7), &amp;beta;-sitsterylArabinoside (AG-8), 1&amp;rsquo;-acetoxychavicol acetate (galangal acetate), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde has been extracted from the plant. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Relevant information was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via electronic search using Medline, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; This review provides a comprehensive report on &lt;em&gt;Alpinia galanga&lt;/em&gt; having anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti angiogenic as well as cytotoxic efficacy and their mode of action &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; as well as &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; condition. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Considering the ability of the golden treasure present in &lt;em&gt;Alpinia galanga&lt;/em&gt;, this review is aimed to summarize the information of the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of the plant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anirban Chouni and Santanu Paul*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sangeeta Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amit Singh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial, Analgesic and Anti - Inflammatory Activity Reported on Tamarindus indica Linn Root Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analgesic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti- inflammatory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamarindus indica</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2017 </style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.70</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">410-416</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tamarindus indica&lt;/em&gt; (Family- Fabaceae) show various folkloric uses in treatment of various ailments such as rheumatisum, dysentery, jaundice etc. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The research was conducted to investigate its phytoconstituients and various activity such as antimicrobial, analgesic &amp;amp; anti-inflammatary of AETIRE. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The antimicrobial activity was performed on 4 bacterial stains containing (&lt;em&gt;B.subtilis, S.aureus, P. aeruginosa &amp;amp; E.coli&lt;/em&gt;) on AETIRE using Disc diffusion method. The Analgesic activity was tested by thermal and chemical induced pain through Hot plate and AAIWT. And carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model is used to evaluate antiinflammatory activity. &lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytoconstituients such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates present in both the extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of about 21mm &amp;amp; 22mm was shown on &lt;em&gt;B.subtilis&lt;/em&gt; strain by both the extract when compared with standard drug (Tetracycline &amp;amp; Gentamycin). In AAIWT and hot plate test the AETIRE of concentration (100, 200 mg/kg) produce significant dose-dependent inhibition of pain response with maximum 54.33% protection against acetic acid induced pain and about 74.83% inhibition against thermally induced pain by the aqueous extract 200mg. &amp;amp; the anti- inflammatory activity shown by AETIRE (100 &amp;amp; 200mg/kg) caused significant dose dependent inhibition of oedema with maximum 45.94% inhibition in the Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema by the AE. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Therefore the AE of &lt;em&gt;Tamarindus indica&lt;/em&gt; root was more effective in showing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the standard drug in each model while ethanol extract show effective antimicrobial activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">410</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sangeeta Gupta&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Amit Singh&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Technocrates College of Pharmacy, Piplani, Anand nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, The Pharmaceutical College, Samaleshwari vihar, Barpali, Barghar, Orissa, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sivadasan Deepa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pitchiah Venkateshwaran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramalingam Kirubagaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive Propensity of Macroalgae from the Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibiofilm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antifouling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxic Effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine Macro Algae.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/180</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">815-820</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; Marine macroalgae are the rich source of biologically active metabolites and potential source for development of novel biotechnological products. The present study was made to explore the metabolically active compounds from the macroalgae of the Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands. Methods and &lt;strong&gt;Material:&lt;/strong&gt; Different solvents such as methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtoAc), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) extracts of nine macroalgae were tested for antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxicity (brine shrimp larvae).&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of the 36 extracts 27 extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the human pathogens and 14 extracts revealed antibiofilm activities. The three EtoAc extracts of &lt;em&gt;Sargassum ilicifolium&lt;/em&gt;, MeOH extract of Sargassum sp. and MeOH extract of &lt;em&gt;Padina tetrastromatica&lt;/em&gt; showed inhibition against 8 pathogenic bacteria. Also, aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Padina tetrastromatica&lt;/em&gt; (71.82 %) and BuOH extract of &lt;em&gt;Dictyosphaeria cavernosa&lt;/em&gt; (71.58 %) exhibited higher antibiofilm nature. The highest cytotoxic effect was exhibited by species &lt;em&gt;Actinotrichia fragilis&lt;/em&gt; and all its four extracts significantly (P&amp;lt;0.01) inhibited the brine shrimp larvae, among this aqueous extract showed the lowest LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value, 31.7 &amp;mu;g/ml, followed by EtoAc extract, 89.33 &amp;mu;g/ml. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It was observed that different species have different kind of bioactive nature.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">815</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sivadasan Deepa&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt; Pitchiah Venkateshwaran&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nambali Valsalan Vinithkumar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ramalingam Kirubagaran&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Andaman and Nicobar Centre for Ocean Science and Technology, Earth System Sciences Organizations- National Institute of Ocean Technology (ESSO-NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Port Blair 744 103, Andaman &amp;amp; Nicobar Islands, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Earth System Sciences Organizations- National Institute of Ocean Technology (ESSO-NIOT), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Chennai 600 100, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soheir Mohamed El Zalabani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soad Hanna Tadros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abeer Mohamed El Sayed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Areej Almaktouf Daboub</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amany Amen Sleem</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential oil of Aerial parts of Artemisia monosperma Del. Growing in Libya</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-oxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiinflammatory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artemisia monosperma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essential oil composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Libya.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.92</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">578-586</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; From the bioactivity stand point &lt;em&gt;Artemisia monosperma&lt;/em&gt; Del. is reputed to have antispasmodic and anthelmintic properties. Various types of secondary metabolites were reported in A. &lt;em&gt;monosperma &lt;/em&gt;plants from different localities. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study was planned aiming to investigate the influence of stage of development on the composition, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of the essential oil derived from the aerial parts of the Libyan plants. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A. &lt;em&gt;monosperma&lt;/em&gt; volatiles were hydro-distilled from aerial parts of Libyan plants, collected at different stages of growth: before flowering (A1), and at beginning (A2) and by the end (A3) of flowering stage. Yields ranged from 0.16-0.26 ml/100g fresh material (A3, highest). GC/FID and GC/MS analyses were performed. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Among 16-20 identified components (97.63-99.00% of total composition), 11 were common in all samples. A1 and A2 showed close amounts of hydrocarbons (63.56 and 66.55%), but lesser than A3 (88.36%); monoterpenoids were mainly represented by sabinene (13.15-22.85%), &amp;beta;-pinene (9.00-24.03%) and &amp;beta;-cis-ocimene (3.73-12.92%); while sesquiterpenoids appeared absent. Among oxygenated components (11.29, 31.08 and 35.44 % in A3, A2 and A1), bornyl acetate was the major monoterpenoid (8.00-31.00%, highest in A1); and the sesquiterpenoid, &amp;beta;-eudesmol (8.01%) was detected in A2 only. Moreover, A2 demonstrated significant antifungal effect against &lt;em&gt;Aspergillus fumigatus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Geotricum candidum &lt;/em&gt;(MIC 0.98 and 0.24 &amp;mu;g/ml). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; A3 exerted the highest anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the other volatiles. A1 restored the reduced blood GHS level in diabetic animals almost as efficiently as Vitamin E. The antioxidant activity of the volatiles is decreased during the flowering stage, being the highest before flowering (A1); this could be associated to the decreasing bornyl acetate content of the samples.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">578</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soheir Mohamed El Zalabani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; , Soad Hanna Tadros&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Abeer Mohamed El Sayed&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Areej Almaktouf Daboub &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Amany Amen Sleem&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, College of pharmacy, CairoUniversity, Cairo, EGYPT. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, College of pharmacy, AL Zawia University, LIBYA. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacology Department, National Research Center, El-Dokki, Giza, EGYPT&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islamudin Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amarila Malik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Hanafi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic and Antimicrobial Studies of Garcinia latissima Miq. Leaves (Clusiaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia Latissima</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytoconstituent</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.80</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">493-498</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Garcinia latissima &lt;/em&gt;Miq known as Dolo magota (Maluku), is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Clusiaceae. The purpose of the research was to explore the phytoconstituents present, pharmacognostic details, and their antimicrobial efficacy. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The preliminary phytochemical components were qualitatively examined using the standard method systems. The antimicrobial screening was carried out using the good diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using dilution method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The phytochemical screening of different extract of &lt;em&gt;G. latissima &lt;/em&gt;Miq leaves revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and alkaloids and the results were tabulated. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts from its leaves showed antimicrobial activity especially for&lt;em&gt; Bacillus subtilis&lt;/em&gt;, a positive bacteria; the hexane extract did not show any activity against the selected microba. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results of the phytochemical and bio-efficacy study revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of this leaves in the traditional system of medicine.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">493</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Islamudin Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;3*&lt;/sup&gt;, Amarila Malik&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhamad Hanafi&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Health and Beauty, Faculty of Engineering, Jakarta State University, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, East Jakarta, INDONESIA. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, INDONESIA. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Microbiology- Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, INDONESIA. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI, PUSPIPTEK, Serpong 15314, INDONESIA.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mamta Arora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gurjinder Kaur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parvinderdeep S Kahlon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anupama Mahajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaspreet K Sembi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Evaluation &amp; Antimicrobial Activity of Endangered Ethnomedicinal Plant Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Histochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic evaluation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zone of Inhibition</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/382</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s56-s63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Crepidium acuminatum&lt;/em&gt; (D. Don) Szlach (family Orchidaceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant. It is used in breathing disorders, burning sensation, Cough, decrease in bone tissue, blood disorders, tuberculosis, as refrigerant, aphrodisiac, in insect bites, rheumatism, as tonic and in general debility. It is vital component of Ayurvedic formulation &amp;ldquo;Astavarga&amp;rdquo; with trade name &amp;ldquo;Jeevak means vitality of life. Despite the common utilization of this plant, no conclusive study has been reported so far regarding the pharmacognostic evaluation and antimicrobial activity. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study was carried to evaluate pharmacognostic evaluation and the potential of &lt;em&gt;C. acuminatum&lt;/em&gt; as antimicrobial. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Organoleptic, histochemical, microscopic, physicochemical, extractive yield were studied to standardise pharmacognostic characters and well diffusion method were carried out for antimicrobial activity. Five extracts viz. Hexane, Chloroform, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate and aqueous were evaluated against 4 bacterial strains viz. &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt; (MTCC 40), &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt; (MTCC 87),&lt;em&gt; P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; (MTCC 424), &lt;em&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/em&gt; (MTCC 121). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The diagnostic characters were evaluated and documented. All the extracts showed good antimicrobial activity. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Obtained standards will provide referential information for correct identification, purity, standardization and preparation of monograph. The work confirms that the studied plant has potent antimicrobial activity and has potential for antimicrobial drug. These results may constitute a basis for promising future applied research that could investigate the use of this plant as antimicrobial drug.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s56</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mamta Arora&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Gurjinder Kaur&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Parvinderdeep S Kahlon&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Anupama Mahajan&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Jaspreet K Sembi&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, A.S.B.A.S.J.S.M. College, Bela Rupnagar, Punajb, INDIA, Research scholar of IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;St. Lawrence College (CANADA).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, GERMANY.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, SUS College of Engineering and Technology, Tangori, Mohali, Punjab, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vijaya Anand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manikandan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vijaya Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sampath Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pushpa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agaath Hedina</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopharmacological overview of Psidium guajava Linn.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatoprotective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psidium guajava</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">314-320</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Psidium guajava &lt;/em&gt;Linn. possesses useful medicinal benefits. It has been recognized as the medicinally essential phytoconstituents, such as phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid. Numerous pharmacological investigation have confirmed that the ability of this plant is to exhibit antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anticancer activities and it supports the traditional uses. This is a comprehensive of the phytoconstituents and pharmacological benefits.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">314</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vijaya Anand&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Manikandan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Vijaya Kumar&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sampath Kumar&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Pushpa&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Agaath Hedina&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharatiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, M.I.E.T. Arts and Science College,Tiruchirappalli-620 007, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam-612 001, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology, Cauvery College for Women, Tiruchirappalli-620 018,Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina Olivaro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicole Paris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Pía Cerdeiras</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvaro Vázquez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antistaphylococcal Activity of Xanthium cavanillesii Lactones</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">abrojo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sesquiterpene lactones</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;: The genus&lt;em&gt; Xanthium&lt;/em&gt; L., of the Asteraceae Dum. family, (tribe Heliantheae) comprises 30 species of cosmopolitan distribution, many of which, as &lt;em&gt;X. spinosum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;X. strumarium&lt;/em&gt; are used as medicinal plants. This genus has been the object of numerous phytochemical investigations being sesquiterpene lactones with guaiane or secoguaiane frameworks the main secondary metabolites. Several sesquiterpene lactones have been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity, in particular against Gram+ bacteria and in Uruguay the infusion of &lt;em&gt;Xanthium cavanillesii&lt;/em&gt; Show (common name &amp;ldquo;Abrojo&amp;rdquo; or &amp;ldquo;Abrojo grande&amp;rdquo;) which grows wild, is used as antiseptic in popular medicine. In this work we present the results of the antibacterial analysis of several extracts, fractions and pure compounds from &lt;em&gt;X. cavanillesii&lt;/em&gt; against both sensitive and resistant strains of &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Compounds were isolated from &lt;em&gt;X. cavanillesii&lt;/em&gt; aerial parts by several chromatographic and spectroscopic methods antimicrobial analysis were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) found were high for the sensitive 6538p strain when compared with common antibiotics. For the resistant strains, the pure compounds activity clearly outperformed the antibiotics, especially in the case of the multiresistant 700,699 strain with MICs of 31, 236 and 356 &amp;mu;g/mL for the &lt;em&gt;Xanthium&lt;/em&gt; compounds, gentamicin and oxacillin respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Antimicrobial, abrojo, methicillin-resistant &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt;, sesquiterpene lactones&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">39</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cristina Olivaro&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nicole Paris&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, M. P&amp;iacute;a Cerdeiras&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Alvaro V&amp;aacute;zquez&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;aacute;tedra de Farmacognosia, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Qu&amp;iacute;mica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;aacute;tedra de Microbiolog&amp;iacute;a, Department of Biosciences, Facultad de Qu&amp;iacute;mica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murad Abualhasan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nidal Jaradat,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nael Abu-Hasan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motasem Almasri,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adham Abu Taha,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Rabbaa,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noor Natsheh,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajed Shalalfeh,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Majdi Najib.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactivity of Viscum album extracts from Olive and Almond host plants in Palestine</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prothrombin time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viscum album</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18th Feb,2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Viscum album&lt;/em&gt; is a semi-parasitic medicinal plant which has been used for many years as a remedy in traditional medicine. The plant is widely used in folk medicine in Palestine; mainly in the treatment of cancer, diabetes and heart disease. Since no previous reports on bio activity of this plant in association with host plant specificity in Palestine, the current study aimed at evaluating bio activity of almond and olive variants of this plant. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Methanolic extract of&lt;em&gt;viscum album&lt;/em&gt; cultivated from almond and olive host plants were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial . Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were also used to assess anticoagulant activities of plant extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; The result demonstrated that &lt;em&gt;Viscum album&lt;/em&gt; have an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 25.34&amp;plusmn;3.8&amp;mu;g/ml when hosted by olive while the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; was 15.37&amp;plusmn;2.2&amp;mu;g/ml when hosted by almond. Crude extracts of both &lt;em&gt;Viscum album&lt;/em&gt; plants showed strong inhibition effects on the growth of the studied Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 25923 and MRSA) with a pronounced effect when extracts of almond host was used. However, the effects of both host extracts were very limited or absent when tested against Gram-negative reference and clinical strains. Plant extracts of both host showed prolonged PT and PTT compared to phosphate buffered saline control solution. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; In conclusion, variations in the bioactivity of &lt;em&gt;Viscum album&lt;/em&gt; is clearly influenced by host type and further studies required to illustrate such variations using other host plants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Viscum album&lt;/em&gt;, Antioxidant, Prothrombin time, Antimicrobial.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Murad Abualhasan&lt;sup&gt;*,a&lt;/sup&gt;, Nidal Jaradat&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Nael Abu-Hasan&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Motasem Almasri&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Adham Abu Taha&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmad Rabbaa&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Noor Natsheh&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Sajed Shalalfeh&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; and Majdi Najib&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;d &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus-Palestine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, An-Najah National University, Nablus-Palestine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus-Palestine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacy Directorate, MoH-Palestine.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>