<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmaranto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedi Susila</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ganglion Impar Block and Neurolysis for Perineal Pain in Anal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impar Ganglion Block; Neurolysis; 96% Alcohol; Anal adenocarcinoma; Perineal pain; Pain management.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">711-715</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Anal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy with symptoms including tenesmus, rectal bleeding, and pain during defecation. The pain can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life and there is currently no effective treatment for it. Ganglion impar block and neurolytic are one methods for managing pain in such cases. &lt;strong&gt;Case: &lt;/strong&gt;A 60-year-old woman with anal adenocarcinoma and chronic pain in the anal region for two years despite oral medication underwent ganglion impar block and neurolytic treatment using a mixture of 96% alcohol and levobupivacaine 0.25%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Ganglion impar block with neurolysis using 96% alcohol can be an option for managing perineal pain, especially when previous medication therapy is ineffective. This combination is safe for patients and can reduce pain levels.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case Report</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">711</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asmaranto*, Dedi Susila&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siwaporn Praman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narudol Teerapattarakan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thaneeya Hawiset</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia cowa Leaf Ethanolic Extract Induces Vasorelaxation Through eNOS/NO/sGC Pathway, Potassium, and Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ca2+ channel.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endothelium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia cowa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K+ channel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasorelaxant effect</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">797-804</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy (G. cowa) is used in traditional medicine, both for improvement of blood circulation and indigestion, also as an antipyretic and expectorant. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This study investigated the vasorelaxant effects and possible mechanisms of action of G. cowa leaf ethanolic extract (GCE) on the rat isolated thoracic aorta. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study examined the effects of GCE on isolated rat thoracic aorta, including both endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings, using an organ bath system. Specific inhibitors were used to evaluate the mechanism involved in GCE-induced vasorelaxation.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; GCE (0.01–10 mg/mL) relaxed endothelium-intact aortic rings, that had been precontracted with phenylephrine. Removal of the endothelium or pretreatment of endothelium-intact aortic rings with NꞶ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), significantly decreased vasorelaxation induced by the GCE. Indomethacin or propranolol had no effect on the GCE-induced relaxation of the endothelium-intact aortic rings. In endothelium-denuded aortic rings, the relaxation effect of GCE was significantly blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) at the maximum dose of GCE, but not by glibenclamide. In Ca&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;+-free Krebs solution, GCE (5 and 10 mg/mL) significantly inhibited extracellular Ca&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;+ induced contraction in pre-contracted rings with high KCl levels. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; These findings suggest that GCE exhibits both an endothelium-dependent, which is mediated by an eNOS/NO/sGC pathway, and an endothelium-independent pathway, which involves KCa and KV channels opening and extracellular Ca&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;+ influx inhibition. Kaempferol, isovitexin, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and amentoflavone might play a role in inducing the vasorelaxant effect of GCE.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">797</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siwaporn Praman*, Narudol Teerapattarakan, Thaneeya Hawiset &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;School of Medicine, Mae&amp;nbsp;Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khairunnisa, Muhammad Faizi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Rochmah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuni Hisbiyah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Girl with McCune-Albright Syndrome: Case Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706-710</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by skeletal, cutaneous, and endocrine system involvement. We report a 6-year-old girl with fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait macula, and multiple hyperfunctional endocrinopathies. Treatment was palliative, the patient was planned for surgery on bilateral femur fractures and a rehabilitation program.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case Report</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Khairunnisa, Muhammad Faizi*, Nur Rochmah,Yuni Hisbiyah, Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anni Faridah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riski Gusri Utami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durain Parmanoan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risma Rahmatunisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Adrian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruhul Fitri Rosel4</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurul Huda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Global Research Landscape of Rendang: A Bibliometric Insight into Culinary Heritage and Innovation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bibliometric Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesian Cuisine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rendang</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1320-1330</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Rendang, a traditional Indonesian dish, has garnered international attention for its rich flavor and cultural significance. The study aimed to analyze the global research trends related to Rendang using bibliometric methods. By examining publications, citation patterns, and key areas of focus, we aim to provide insights into the scientific community's interest and the development of research on Rendang. The analysis utilized data from major academic databases, scopus.com. The search query keyword used was “Rendang” without restrictions on language, document type, or field of study. Visualization tools utilized include VOSviewer (version 1.16.18), and RStudio (Biblioshiny). A total of 63 documents were analyzed, revealing an annual growth rate of 3.06% and an average of 11.24 citations per document, with an international co-authorship rate of 9.524%. Indonesia and Malaysia emerged as the top-cited countries. The study recommends broadening Rendang research beyond descriptive studies to explore innovations in food processing, faster cooking methods, packaging, preservation, and health impacts. Further research should address sustainability, economic impacts, and increased international collaboration, aiming for more publications in high-impact journals. Additionally, the commercialization of ready-to-eat Rendang that preserves its traditional taste and the application of smart food technologies are essential for enhancing global research impact.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1320</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anni Faridah&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Riski Gusri Utami&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Durain Parmanoan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Risma Rahmatunisa&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Arif Adrian&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ruhul Fitri Rosel&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurul Huda&lt;sup&gt;5,6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Tourism, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Alumni of Technology and Vocational Education (PTK), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesús Rojas-Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Castañeda Pelaez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Infection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania (V.) braziliensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multinucleated Giant Cells</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-909</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Multinucleated giant cells were first described by Langhans(MGCs), these MGCs have a role in innate immunity that includes extracellular matrix remodeling associated with granuloma formation; another function of them is to participate in the removal of cellular debris in apoptosis during certain infections. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Generate multinucleated giant cells due to &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) braziliensis infection. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; For infection macrophage/parasite ratio of 1 to 10 using the RAW 264.7-line (5 x10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/mL) and &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) &lt;em&gt;braziliensis &lt;/em&gt;metacyclic promastigotes (50 x105/mL) was a strain maintained in culture Schneider liquid medium, supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 10 000 U/10 mg/mL penicillin streptomycin at pH 7 and 25 °C in the laboratory. Incubation was continued for 4 days, and microscopic observation at 1000X was performed at 24 hours and 96 hours, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In our study an MGC conversion was observed at 96 hours (50% ± 28.2). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; In vitro MGC model could be used to study the physiopathology of MGC generation by &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) &lt;em&gt;braziliensis &lt;/em&gt;infection.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jesús Rojas-Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Castañeda Pelaez&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Makhoahle PM</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Volatiles Present in Pappea Capensis Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pappea capensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical compounds.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">948-954</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The use of medicinal plants played a crucial role in human survival for many years.&lt;em&gt; Papea capensis&lt;/em&gt; is used mostly in the Northern part of South Africa and neighboring countries. The woody part of the tree was collected, shade dried, and powdered. The extraction experiments (ethanolic extract, methanol extract, and water extract) were done at Synexa Life Sciences. For the purpose of identifying the biochemical elements present in the wood portion of &lt;em&gt;Pappea capensis&lt;/em&gt;, the extracts were concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy at Central Analytical Facilities (CAF), University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. GC-MS identified 41 compounds which included 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, 2, 4-diter- butyl phenol, acetic acid, and butanoic acid, have a role in antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal effects. Regardless of their quantities, seven (7) unidentified phytochemical substances were discovered; their existence may have a favourable effect on therapeutic agents and be a source of the biological activities ascribed to them by conventional healers. Furthermore, it is a holistic plant for use in traditional medicine and aesthetic value among the indigenous communities in Limpopo due to the several varied chemical components that have been found. The three extracts must be fractionated according to bioassay-guidance to identify the pure components and establish which ones are physiologically active. The medicinal plants, being the only sources that traditional healers rely on for the treatment of their patients, have received tremendous attention in drug therapy, discovery, and development. These studies have demonstrated that Pappea capensis is a plant with potential for use in phytopharmaceuticals.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">948</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Makhoahle PM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhair Radhi Addai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meethaq Satter Abood</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrrog Hammed Hlail</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Profiling, Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Activity of Prickly Pear (Opuntiaficus-indica) Pulp Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prickly pear pulp</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262-267</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The objective of this study was to evaluate phytochemical screening, antioxidants and antimicrobial activity of prickly pear pulp extract. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanolic extract of the sample followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antibacterial activity was determined using paper disc method against two bacteria namely &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. &lt;/em&gt;Total of 36 compounds belonging to phenolics, anhydrides, aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons were identified in the extracts. The highest content of total phenol and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) were found in methanol extract228.50 ± 3.67. mg GAE/100g DW, 118.63 ±3.86 mg TE/100g DW and 92.81% respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition observed was 14.45 ± 0.67 mm against &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; at methanol extract. It was concluded that fractions solvent plays important roles on the bioactive compound of prickly pear pulp extract and it can be used to control infectious diseases and prevent oxidative damage.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zuhair Radhi Addai*, Meethaq Satter Abood, Shrrog Hammed Hlail&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Education&amp;nbsp;for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-Qar, IRAQ.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narasimha Baba Brindavanam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gurinderjit Singh Goraya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santosh Pal Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amandeep Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ankita Tiwari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badari Narayan Sarvepalli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pankaj Prasad Raturi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Diversity in Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul): An Assessment of Populations in Conservation Sites of Kachchh Region (Gujarat) of India</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Pool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guggulu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In-situ conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal Plants Conservation Area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MPCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPGMA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379-387</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Commiphora wightii&lt;/em&gt; (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul) is native to semi-arid to arid zones. Its oleoresin gum is used for both medicinal and non-medicinal applications. Reportedly, the species faces high degree conservation threats. A network of Four Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCA) was carved out in Kachchh region- under financial support from National Medicinal Plants Board. The species also occurs in sanctuary and protected by default. It is considered important to assess genetic diversity of these conserved populations. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 38 accessions of Guggul leaves were collected from five study sites and the whole genomic DNA was extracted for each sample. Genetic study was carried out using ISSR technique. Scorable bands were obtained for 14 out of 40 primers tested. A total of 49 bands were obtained of which 20 were polymorphic in nature. UPGMA dendrograms were constructed for individual sites and also a collective dendrogram for all the study sites.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; All the 8 accessions of Tharawada MPCA were observed to share a high similarity coefficient. Among rest of three sites, genetic diversity was seen to be narrow. The accessions obtained from NSWS displayed good diversity. These accessions were also noted to be distant to the populations captured in the MPCA sites. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: Established MPCA sites capture the available gene pool of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora wightii&lt;/em&gt; of Kachchh region. Since NSWS populations are distant to rest of the region, it is suggested to create another site for this purpose. It is desirable to assess the genetic diversity in rest of the MPCA sites.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">379</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Narasimha Baba Brindavanam&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Gurinderjit Singh Goraya&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Santosh Pal Singh&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Amandeep Kumar&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ankita Tiwari&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Badari Narayan Sarvepalli4, Pankaj Prasad Raturi&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research Scholar, Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;IFS (Retired), (Formerly Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Government of Himachal Pradesh and Dy. Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun), INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Director, Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, NOIDA (Formerly Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Government of Assam and Dy. Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun), INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Bioresources Development Group, Dabur Research and Development Centre, Ghaziabad (UP), INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risna Agustina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuspian Nur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramila Hidayati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dewi Rahmawati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. Arifuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reza Yuridian Purwoko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Mun’im</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islamudin Ahmad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green and Optimum Extraction of Total Polyphenols Content from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil Leaves using Microwave- Assisted Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-38</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The current study mainly aims to apply and optimize the microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction (MANDESE) method of total polyphenol content from &lt;em&gt;Mitragyna speciosa&lt;/em&gt; (Korth.) Havil leaves using response surface methodology (RSM) and its extraction mechanism using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The extraction process was performed using the maceration and MANDESE method. Total polyphenols content was examined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The extraction mechanism was performed using SEM imaging. The extraction condition as experimental design variable factors for optimization using RSM included NADES composition ratio, the liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, and microwave power. The results show that the MANDESE with some different combinations of NADES composition is more effective than a maceration. SEM imaging result shows that the levels of damage of cells and cell walls were more severe after extraction. The optimum extraction condition has obtained the NADES composition ratio of 3 g/g (choline chloride/sorbitol) and the liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g for 20 min extraction time with 60% Watts microwave power. The scale-up confirmation test was obtained the total polyphenols content of 526.12 μg GAE/g sample. This finding demonstrated the optimum condition of the MANDESE method and performed efficiently, rapidly, safely, and environmentally friendly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction, Mitragyna speciosa (Kort.) Havil, Response surface methodology, Total polyphenols content.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Risna Agustina&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Yuspian Nur&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ramila Hidayati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Dewi Rahmawati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, M. Arifuddin&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Reza Yuridian Purwoko&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Mun’im&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Islamudin Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;,*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research and Development of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119 East Kalimantan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119 East Kalimantan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, 13220 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Military Medicine, Universitas Pertahanan RI, Bogor, 16810 West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424 West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peggy Willie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edak A Uyoh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter O Aikpokpodion</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Assay of Bio- Active Compounds and Phytochemical Analyses in Three Species of Apocynaceae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug discovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gongronema latifolium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marsdenia edulis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical profiling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Underutilized species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vincetoxicum rossicum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">383-392</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze for phytochemicals and bioactive compounds in three species of Apocynacae, &lt;em&gt;Gongronema latifolium&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Vincetoxicum rossicum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Marsdenia edulis&lt;/em&gt; commonly found in tropical rainforest vegetation and used as food and traditional medicine by locals. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Materials: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemical analysis and GC-MS were carried out using leaf samples of the species following standard protocols. Quantitative phytochemical data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance tested at 5% level of probability. Bioactive compounds were identified by comparing the retention times with those of authentic compounds and spectral data obtained from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids and phenols. Among the three species, &lt;em&gt;Gongronema latifolium&lt;/em&gt; was highest in flavonoids (28.40 %), &lt;em&gt;Vincetoxicum rossicum&lt;/em&gt; was highest in steroids (17.25 %) while &lt;em&gt;Marsdenia edulis&lt;/em&gt; was highest in terpenoids (18.17 %). GC-MS profiling of the species revealed biologically functional compounds with therapeutic properties including linoleic acid, phytol, neophytadiene, n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, transfarnesol, 5-pentadecen-7-yne, and mercaptoacetic acid. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The array of bioactive compounds present in the three species especially &lt;em&gt;Gongronema latifolium&lt;/em&gt;, commonly used as food indicated their utility in pharmacognosy and drug manufacture. This is the first report of GC-MS based metabolite profiling to detect the various bioactive compounds in methanolic extracts of &lt;em&gt;Vincetoxicum rossicum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Marsdenia edulis&lt;/em&gt;. We therefore recommend these species for further study in drug discovery trials.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">383</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Peggy Willie&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Edak A. Uyoh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Peter O. Aikpokpodion&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115 Cross River State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anirban Chouni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amrita Pal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Priya K Gopal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santanu Paul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis and Screening of Anti-Proliferative Potential of Methanolic Extract of Garcinia cowa on Different Cancer Cell Lines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-proliferative</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia cowa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metabolomic profiling</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347-361</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Garcinia cowa&lt;/em&gt; (Clusiaceae) is popular among integrative medicine in several communities. This study undertook to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity on cancer cells and its cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Here we are reporting for the first time the metabolomic profiling of &lt;em&gt;G. cowa&lt;/em&gt; leaf. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Anti-proliferative potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Garcinia cowa&lt;/em&gt; leaf assessed by MTT assay. Metabolomic profiling obtained by GC/ MS analysis. Nuclear morphology visualized by DAPI staining. Caspase activation analysed through spectrophotometric assay.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The study reveals, that the methanolic extract is more potential in inducing anti-proliferative activity than ethyl acetate extract. Robust antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract evidenced in lung cancer cell line, A549 followed by MCF–7, HepG2, MOLT – 4, MDA-MB-468 cells. The anti-proliferative effect was negligible in normal PBMC. Further, a dose-dependent increase of nuclear fragmentation visualized in A549 cells treated with the methanolic extract. Post methanolic extract treatment upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 also evidenced in A549 cells. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents of different phytochemical groups comprising of 3.45% diterpenoid, 5.45% triterpenoid, 11.24% steroid, 2.03% phytosterol, etc. in methanol extract, as well as 4.53% diterpenoid, 2.88% triterpenoid, 1.09% steroid, 2.11% phytosterol, etc. in ethyl acetate extract with considerable biological importance. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This is the maiden report of the metabolomic profiling of leaf extracts of&lt;em&gt; Garcinia cowa&lt;/em&gt; which possess a good repository of potentially bioactive molecules that holds a great promise as a future therapeutic agent in combating lung cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">347</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anirban Chouni, Amrita Pal, Priya K Gopal, Santanu Paul*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanjit Namasudra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pankaj Phukan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meenakshi Bawari</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Safety Assessment of the Ethanol Extract of the Barks of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex.G.Don (Family Apocynaceae): Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies in Swiss Albino Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holarrhena pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidative stress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sub-acute toxicity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-171</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Holarrhena pubescens&lt;/em&gt; Wall. ex G. Don belongs to the family Apocynaceae and has several therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. This plant has various pharmacological properties such as antihelmintic, antidiuretic and antidiabetic. One of the major concerns, as they are used, is the lack of adequate pharmacological and toxicological data to support their uses. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of an ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Holarrhena pubescens &lt;/em&gt;Wall.ex.G.Don (Apocynaceae) by determining its potential toxicity after oral administration for 28 days.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In sub-acute toxicity, the extract at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg, bw was administered orally for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, the mice were decapitated; brain was homogenized for evaluating oxidative stress. The brain was fixed in 10 % formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was performed by (GC-MS). &lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; In the sub-acute study in mice, daily oral administration of HP resulted in a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation of treated animals and a decrease in enzymes activity of CAT, SOD, GPX and GR in both, males and females mice. Histopathological analysis showed alterations in the mice brain cortex. From the GC-MS analysis of the plant extract, it was evident that major phytochemicals were present in the ethanol extract of HP. Some major phytochemicals namely, conessimine (17.81 %); lup-20(29)-en-3-one (16.50%); piperidine, 2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-(6.44%); lup-20(29)-ene-3, 28-diol, (3.beta.) (4.82%) and 17- (1, 5-dimethyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-hex-4-enyl (4.37%) were found. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;H.pubsecne&lt;/em&gt; bark ethanol extract was found to be relatively safe in lower doses although at higher doses it can cause lipid peroxidation and damage to the neuronal cell of the brain and should therefore be used with caution.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sanjit Namasudra, Pankaj Phukan, Meenakshi Bawari* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feda Makkiyah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eldiza Puji Rahmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rika Revina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiwuk Susantiningsih</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuni Setyaningsih</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. (Syn: Justicia picta Linn.) and its Effectiveness: A Well-Known Indonesian Plant</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Activities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">G pictum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacological</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">835-838</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Graptophyllum pictum &lt;/em&gt;(L.) Griff., a shrubby stove plant, has been used traditionally to treat various diseases. This review summarizes the up-to-date data about its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties and provides a perspective and direction for future research. The phytochemical analysis of &lt;em&gt;G. pictum&lt;/em&gt; revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycoside, tannins, saponin, chlorophyll, nontoxic alkaloid, and anthocyanin. Meanwhile, the pharmacological analysis revealed that this plant possessed various activities such as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-analgetic, woundhealing, anti-hemorrhoid, anti-diabetic, and estrogenic effects. However, most of its pharmacological activities were based on the crude extracts and the bioactive compounds responsible for the bioactivities have not been well identified. A further detailed investigation in phytochemistry to identify the bioactive compounds and to investigate the mechanism action of its bioactivities is required. Moreover, a toxicology study is also needed to develop a standardized formulation of &lt;em&gt;G. pictum&lt;/em&gt; preparation and to fulfill the requirements of modern phytomedicine.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">835</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feda Makkiyah&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Eldiza Puji Rahmi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rika Revina2, Tiwuk Susantiningsih&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Yuni Setyaningsih&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faris Alrumaihi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Novel Strategy to Fight Diseases Through Modulating Biological Activities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajoene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allicin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory Effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-oxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diallyl disulfide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garlic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1463-1474</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Throughout history, many plants and their products have been widely used as medicines for the prevention and treatment of different diseases in many cultures. &lt;em&gt;Garlic (Allium sativum)&lt;/em&gt;, is commonly used as a spice and traditionally used for its medicinal value since ancient times. Recent studies support the effects of garlic and its extracts in a wide range of applications. Due to the presence of sulfur containing compounds, high trace mineral content and enzymes, garlic has been reported to have implications in disease management and play a role as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor, dyslipidaemia effect, neuroprotective, cardio-preventive and photo-protection effects. It contains various active compound such as allicin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide and S-allyl-cysteine that modulates various biological cascades and prevent the pathogenesis. This review illustrates the role of garlic and their active ingredients in the health management based on in vivo and in vitro studies.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1463</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Faris Alrumaihi*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manab Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Debabrata Misra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narendra Nath Ghosh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukhendu Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivekananda Mandal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Anti-Enterobacterial Dichloromethane Fraction of Mandukaparni (Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb.) – A plant from Ayurveda</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-enterobacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical profiling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mandukaparni</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time kill assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile oils</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1494-1503</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Mandukaparni (&lt;em&gt;Hydrocotyle javanica&lt;/em&gt; Thunb.) is a well known medicinal herb used as folklore medcine in many chronic and infectious gastric and other diseases by the people of Estern Himalayan regions. However, the therapeutic active principles of this plant remained unknown. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The main objective of the study was to characterize antienterobacterial dichloromethane fraction of the volatile oils of it by GC-MS. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In the present study, dichloromethane (DCM) fraction (MP-DCMf) of Mandukaparni was collected by phase separation of the methanol extract and tested for anti-enterobacterial potentiality against human pathogenic gastrointestinal and food poisoning bacteria by agar well diffusion assay, viability assay and LDH assay and SEM studies. Characterization of the active MP-DCMf fraction was performed by TLC and GC-MS analysis.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The MP-DCMf possessed bio-active compounds that have antibacterial potentiality against both the Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC and MBC values were in the range from 1.56 mg/ml to 0.78 mg/ml and 6.25 to 1.56 mg/ml, respectively. The time kill assay showed that at a dose of 3.12 mg/ml of MP-DCMf was lethal to the &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt; MTCC 723 at the 18th hr of treatment. LDH release had moderate positive correlation with the activity index and time of treatment whereas strong negative correlation with CFU count. It caused highest cell disruption in &lt;em&gt;S. mutans.&lt;/em&gt; The principal compounds were D-carvon (30.949%);1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-(2-chlorophenyl) (28.483%);Cyclohexanone; 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethen) trans (10.04%); D-Limnone (9.256%);2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- acetate (6.684%); p-Cresol (0.551%), and Thymol (0.118%). Pub-chem database search also supports that these compounds have very strong bactericidal activity by membrane damage as evidenced by LDH and SEM studies. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; MP-DCMf contains many potential antibacterial compounds that can be used to combat the gastrointestinal and food poising bacterial pathogens.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1494</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manab Mandal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Debabrata Misra&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Narendra Nath Ghosh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sukhendu Mandal&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Vivekananda Mandal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;University of Gour Banga, Malda, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;2University of Calcutta, Calcutta, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saleh A Almatroodi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Almatroudi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed A Alsahli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arshad Husain Rahman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grapes and their Bioactive Compounds: Role in Health Management Through Modulating Various Biological Activities</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-inflammatory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-tumour</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proanthocyanidins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitis vinifera</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1455-1462</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Grape&lt;/em&gt; is one of the important plant and its implication in health management has been proven. Grapes are used in the production of grape juice, food products and in other form. The fruits leaves and seeds of the plant are confirmed its role in diseases management based on &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; study. Leaves, fruits and seeds of grape are rich source of bioactive compounds and such compound play role in diseases cure and management. Grapes leaves, fruits and seeds shows therapeutic implications as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective effect and antimicrobial. Grapes leave, fruit and seed and their active compounds play significant role in inhibition of cancer. Its bioactive compound has designated its role in tumour management through modulating genes activity. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of grapes fruits, seeds and leaves in diseases management through modulating different biological activities based on&lt;em&gt; in vivo&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;study.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1455</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Saleh A. Almatroodi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmad Almatroudi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohammed A. Alsahli&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Arshad Husain Rahmani&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraidah 52571, Qassim University, SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huynh Tan Hoi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Great Effect of Fallopia Multiflora and Other Herbs in Poliosis Treatment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fallopia multiflora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folk treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poliosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1600-1604</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Nowadays, many people with gray hair or poliosis soon lose their confidence in life. Early gray hair is not necessarily a sign of age, but also a disease of many causes. Although not dangerous to health, but gray hair soon loses the aesthetics, making us inferiority, inferiority complex in work and life. This article discusses some herbal remedies that Vietnamese use. Its effects are quite effective and help many people lead a healthier and more confident life.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1600</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Huynh Tan Hoi*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Language Department, FPT University, VIETNAM.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lulu Adilla Latifah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunuk Hariani Soekamto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akbar Tahir</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green Algae Halimeda macroloba in Spermonde Archipelago: Phytochemical and in vitro Antibacterial Studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halimeda macroloba</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrimp Pathogenic Bacteria</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1000-1004</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Green algae&lt;em&gt; Halimeda macroloba&lt;/em&gt; compounds active against human, fish, and shrimp pathogenic bacteria. It is one of the marine natural organisms (MNO) which is a diverse source of secondary metabolites. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; We have set our goal towards determining the antimicrobial potential of crude extracts of green algae &lt;em&gt;H. macroloba&lt;/em&gt;. Materials and Methods: Three crude mixtures of Marine Natural Product (MNP) were obtained from macroalgae &lt;em&gt;Halimeda macroloba&lt;/em&gt; (Lae-Lae island, Spermonde Archipelago) by extraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were used as solvents). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Theses mixtures (phytochemical tests showed they contained steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids) were screened for their activity against shrimp pathogenic bacteria (&lt;em&gt;Vibrio harveyi (&lt;/em&gt;M-120), &lt;em&gt;Aeromonas hydrophilla&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;em&gt;Vibrio parahaemolyticus&lt;/em&gt; (T-170)). The obtained results confirmed weak antibacterial activity of studied extracts of&lt;em&gt; H. macroloba. &lt;/em&gt;The ethyl acetate extract was the most potent antimicrobial agent at a concentration of 4 μg/25 μl. The inhibition zones for the growth of A. hydrophilla (the most susceptible microorganism) and &lt;em&gt;V. harveyi &lt;/em&gt;were at 8.27 mm and 8.23 mm, respectively (inhibition zone was 15.2 mm for ciprofloxacin which was used as a positive control). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;They might be even used in the future as alternatives to conventional drugs in aquaculture.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1000</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lulu Adilla Latifah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Akbar Tahir&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Fisheries Science Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkataraghavan Ragunathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jayashree Pandurangan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thiruchelvi Ramakrishnan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry Analysis of Methanol Extracts from Marine Red Seaweed Gracilaria corticata</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gracilaria corticata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal properties</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secondary metabolites</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">547-554</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of the work is to analyse the methanol extract of marine red macro algae species &lt;em&gt;Gracilaria corticata &lt;/em&gt;using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the presence of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds present in the algae and study its diverse properties.&lt;strong&gt; Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gracilaria corticata&lt;/em&gt; was collected along the shore of Mandapam and was identified and authenticated. The methanol extract of the algae was prepared and analysed using GC-MS Perkin-Elmer, Clarus 680 model to reveal the various bioactive present in the algae. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis revealed several bioactive compounds:undecane; 2-decyloxirane (2.023%); Methy n-tridecanoate;n-hexadecanoic acid (74.198%); eicosanoic acid (2.262%); nonanoic acid (2.084%); oleic acid (6.609%); oleic acid (4.156%); pentadecanoic acid (2.176%); bicycle [3.2.1] oct-3-en-2-one,3,8-dihydroxy- 1-1methoxy-7-(7-methoxy-1, 3 benzodioxol-5-yl)-6-methyl-5 (2.901%);N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) dodecanamide (2.048%); and cholesta-8,24-dien-3-ol,4-methyl (1.542%). The bioactive compounds from methanol extract of algae after GC-MS analysis and their essential medicinal properties were studied in this research work. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gracilaria corticata &lt;/em&gt;has potential against bacteria, fungi, free radical scavenging, etc and can used in the drug discovery and development sector.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">547</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Venkataraghavan Ragunathan, Jayashree Pandurangan, Thiruchelvi Ramakrishnan* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Bio-Engineering, School of Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai- 600117, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali Mohammed Mohammed Ali Al-Samman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahkashan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadeem Ahmad Siddique</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) Analysis, Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antifungal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emblica officinalis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS/MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasonic assisted extraction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">315-323</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Emblica officinalis&lt;/em&gt; is one of the common plants being used traditionally in different ways to search for cures and relief from various diseases. Among these diseases,&lt;em&gt; Emblica officinalis&lt;/em&gt; had many of medicinal uses in treating a wide variety of bacterial and fungal infections. In this study, Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) was efficiently used for the preparation of aqueous and methanolic extracts of &lt;em&gt;Embelica officinalis&lt;/em&gt; fruits (EOFE). The phytoconstituents was detected through GC-MS/MS analysis to confirm antimicrobial effect of EOFE. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/strong&gt;: The extraction was carried out at 20ºC, for 20 min using a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1: 60 w/v. The extracts were subjected to GC-MS/MS analysis. The &lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; effect of extracts against twenty one microbial strains was investigated by an agar well diffusion method in different concentrations (25 μg/mL-1000 μg/mL). &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The percentage yield was found to be 41.33% w/v and 23.0 % w/v with water and methanol, respectively. Phenol,3,5-bis1,1 dimethylethyl, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and heptasiloxa ne1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl were confirmed by GC-MS/MS analysis. Effectiveness of extracts against Gram negative bacteria; &lt;em&gt;Providencia alcalifaciens&lt;/em&gt; and Gram positive bacteria; &lt;em&gt;Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus polymyxa and fungal strains; Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus brasileinsis and Cladosporium oxysporum&lt;/em&gt; are reported for the first time. Aqueous extract revealed excellent antibacterial activity at 50 μg/mL and antifungal activity at 100 μg/mL whereas methanolic extract showed antifungal activity at 250 μg/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Results highlight the considerable inhibitory effect of EOFE against various microbial species was mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds and other phytocompounds.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">315</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ali Mohammed Mohammed Ali Al-Samman&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Kahkashan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nadeem Ahmad Siddique&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Bioactive Natural Compound Laboratory (BNCL); Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur- 247121, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Computer Science and Bio Informatics, Faculty of Natural Science. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi- 110025, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Md. Mahmudul Hasan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Md. Rezuan Al Mahmud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Md. Gaziul Islam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bio-active Compounds in Ethanol Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Fruit Peel</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanol Extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fruit peel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmaceutical ingredients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Putranjiva roxburghii</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-149</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Putranjiva roxburghii&lt;/em&gt; Wall. has long been used in folkloric medicine for treating arthralgia, fever, hemorrhoids, muscle pain and rheumatism. But no reports were found regarding phytochemical constituents in &lt;em&gt;P. roxburghii&lt;/em&gt; fruit peel. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze extract of &lt;em&gt;P. roxburghii&lt;/em&gt; fruit peel (PRFP). &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethanol extract of PRFP was carried out by using a GC-MS equipment. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The GC-MS analysis has revealed the existence of different phytochemical compounds in the ethanolic extract of PRFP. The major compounds in PRFP extract are Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- (4.56%), 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- (41.07%), Geraniol (2.45%), (1R,2S,5R)-2-(2-Hydroxy-2-propanyl)-5-methylcyclohexanol (14.09%), 2,6-Octadiene, 2,6-dimethyl- (7.04%), p-Menthane-3,8-diol, cis-1,3,trans-1,4- (3.39%), 2,6-Octadien- 1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate (6.69%) and 13-Docosenamide, (Z)- (2.83%). A total of 25 compounds identified representing 99.98% of total ethanolic extract. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Overall finding suggests that PRFP contain various phytocomponents and is recommended as an important source of pharmaceutical ingredients.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Md. Mahmudul Hasan&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Md. Rezuan Al Mahmud, Md. Gaziul Islam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, BANGLADESH.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choudhary D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shekhawat JK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kataria V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Methanol Extract of Aerial Part and Callus of Dipterygium glaucum Decne</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campesterol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capparidaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatty Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stigmasterol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1055-1063</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was designed to evaluate the phytocomponents present in aerial part and &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;induced callus methanol extracts of &lt;em&gt;Dipterygium glaucum&lt;/em&gt; by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;GC-MS analysis of aerial part sample and callus produced from leaf of &lt;em&gt;D. glaucum &lt;/em&gt;extracted in methanol solvents was performed using GC-MS QP 2010 Plus (Shimadzu, Japan) system comprising an auto sampler (AOC-20i) and a gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was carried out to identified and comparative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from aerial part extract and callus extract of&lt;em&gt; D. glaucum&lt;/em&gt;. This analysis revealed that both the extracts have 69 different types of phytochemical components in varying quantities. Some of the important phytochemical compounds were Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, γ-sitosterol, Campesterol, Squalene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Stearic acid, Myristic acid, Quinazoline, Linalyl acetate etc. These chemical compounds have anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidants properties. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This study represents the detection and identification of different phytochemical compounds from aerial part and callus extract of&lt;em&gt; D. glaucum&lt;/em&gt;. Thus, due to the presence of various important bioactive phytocomponents this plant is recommended as a pharmaceutically important plant.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1055</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choudhary D, Shekhawat JK, Kataria V*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur 342001, Rajasthan, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Carmen S. Tan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marissa G. Noel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucosinolates, Degradation Products and Myrosinase Activity in Raphanus sativus Linn.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-FID</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucosinolates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isothiocyanates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LC-ESI-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myrosinase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">866-872</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;This research was conducted to assess the gluocosinolate (GSL), isothiocyanate (ITC) and myrosinase content in two cultivars of Raphanus sativus Linn. (white and red) roots. LC-ESIMS investigation was done on desulfated GSLs since this methodology has been previously established for efficient GSL analyses. The major GSLs: sinigrin &lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; 1,2-dihydroxy-2-phenylethyl glucosinolate &lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt;, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin &lt;strong&gt;(3)&lt;/strong&gt;, glucoraphasatin &lt;strong&gt;(4)&lt;/strong&gt; and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin &lt;strong&gt;(5)&lt;/strong&gt; were found in red radishes; whereas, only &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; were obtained in white radishes. Myrosinase was analyzed in the tubers due to its ability to catalyze and hydrolyze GSLs into ITCs. This β-thioglucosidase enzyme was found to be over 10 times more active in red tubers (2.05E-02 units) than in white radishes (1.55E-03 units) and the results were linked to the presence/absence of the outer covering of the tubers. Due to the promising medicinal properties of the aglucone derivative of compound 4, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate &lt;strong&gt;(6)&lt;/strong&gt;, the ITC analog was monitored using gas chromatographic mass spectral analyses after myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis. From the results, it can be construed that the occurrence of GSLs&lt;strong&gt; 1-5&lt;/strong&gt; and the bioactive agent &lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; were inherent in the R. sativus cultivars evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">866</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">866</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maria Carmen S. Tan*, Marissa G. Noel&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, PHILIPPINES.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suparna Laha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santanu Paul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): A Potent Herb with Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Potential</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti- diabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gymnema sylvestre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder with high blood sugar level. Type 2 is the common form. The herbal remedies for diabetes treatment is an area of research with a huge potential for the progress in the growth of inexpensive alternative medicine with low or no side effects. In this paper, reviews mainly focused on traditionally used medicinal herb, &lt;em&gt;Gymnema sylvestre&lt;/em&gt; and its bioactive components and their mode of actions. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Relevant information was collected from scientific journals, research papers, books and various medicinal reviews. &lt;strong&gt;Result:&lt;/strong&gt; This review provides a comprehensive report on &lt;em&gt;Gymnema sylvestre&lt;/em&gt; having antidiabetic and antioxidant activity due to its bioactive compounds like oleanines (gymnemic acid, gymnema saponins), dammarenes (gymnemasides), anthraquinones, flavones, hentriacontane, pentatriacontane, phytin, resin, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, lupeol, β-amyrene related glycosides and anthraquinones, alkaloid like gymnamine, flavonoids, cinnamic acid, folic acid, ascorbic acid etc. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Considering the presence of bioactive compounds present in &lt;em&gt;Gymnema sylvestre&lt;/em&gt;, this review is aimed to summarize the information of the chemical constituents and their antidiabetic activities and specially to detect the relation between antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds regarding blood sugar reduction in diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- x-tinymce/html --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suparna Laha, Santanu Paul*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata- 700019, West Bengal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sivakami Sundari Ponnusamy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanaz Banu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murugan Vedigounder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhanashree Narayanswamy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC MS/MS analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Alcoholic Seed Extract of Gauzuma ulmifolia Lam</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcoholic extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D-Asarinin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gauzuma ulmifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC MS/MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitamin E.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/419</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194-197</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gauzuma ulmifolia&lt;/em&gt; Lam. (GU) belonging to the family &lt;em&gt;Malvaceae&lt;/em&gt;, commonly called Bastard Cedar is native to tropical American countries. It was introduced into India more than 100 years ago. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In the present study, alcoholic seed extract of &lt;em&gt;Gauzuma ulmifolia&lt;/em&gt; Lam. was subjected to GC MS/MS analysis and chemical compounds were characterized. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Totally sixteen compounds were characterized. Chemical analysis of the extract showed that it includes bioactive compounds like D-Asarinin (65.02 %), 2,6-Bis (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo (3.3.0) octane (20.12 %), 1-Dodecanone, 2-(imidazol- 1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (7.54 %) and o-Anisic acid, tridec-2-ynyl ester (3.33 %) as major constituents. Minor components such as Vitamin E, &amp;gamma; &amp;ndash; Tocopherol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3&amp;beta;), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester is also present. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on the above results, the seeds of this plant could posse&amp;rsquo;s oxygen (92.27 %), hydrocarbon (0.19 %) and nitrogen (7.54 %) derivatives of volatile principle. This is the first-time report on the composition of seed of GU.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">194</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P Sivakami Sundari*, Shanaz Banu, V Murugan, N Dhanashree &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vijender Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neha Rana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Ali</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Microbial Activities of Volatile Oil of Nardostachys Jatamansi D.C. Rhizomes Obtained from Haridwar Region, Uttrakhand</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-microbial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC GC-MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydro distillation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nardostachys jatamansi DC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volatile oil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/470</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">230-234</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi&lt;/em&gt; D.C (Family Valerianceae) were collected from Haridwar, Uttarakhand. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; To identify the various volatile constituents of &lt;em&gt;Nardostachys jatamansi&lt;/em&gt; D. C.&lt;em&gt; Rhizomes&lt;/em&gt; and evaluation of antimicrobial activity.&lt;strong&gt; Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The essential oil was collected by hydro distillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC- MS). Volatile oil constituents, antimicrobial potential of&lt;em&gt; Nardostachys jatamansi&lt;/em&gt; D. C. &lt;em&gt;Rhizomes&lt;/em&gt; have been studied using different concentrations of the volatile oil against some micro-organisms. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 10 compounds were identified from their fragmentation pattern. The Identified compounds were Calarene (20.4%), Vardiflorene (12.3%), &amp;alpha;- Panasinsen (9.7%), &amp;alpha;- Santalene (4.6%), &amp;gamma;-Himachelene (17.1%), Jatamansone (7%), Ionol 4 (9.9%), 2,2,7,7- Tetramethyl tricyclo[6,2,1,0 (1,6)] undec-4-ene 3-one (1.7%), Epiglobulol (1.9%) and Resibufogenin (8.4%). Among them major constituents characterized was Calarene (20.4 %) and followed by &amp;gamma;-Himachelene (17.1%) and Vardiflorene (12.3 %). The volatile oil showed significant activity against all tested microorganisms. The maximum antibacterial activity was shown with 1%v/v of volatile oil on &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/em&gt; aureus (12.8 mm) followed by &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; (12.4 mm), whereas maximum anti-fungal activity was shown by 1% v/v of volatile oil on &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt; (12.3 mm) followed by &lt;em&gt;Aspergillus niger&lt;/em&gt; (11.9 mm). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; All identified constituents showed antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. Thus, the constituents should be further identified and analyzed by other spectrosopical techniques.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">230</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vijender Singh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Neha Rana*&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Mohd Ali &lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Sharda School of pharmacy, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Ghaziabad, 201004 Ex Dean of Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomayo Ireti Berida</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Spondias purpurea L (Anacardiaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spondias purpurea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenols</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">941-945</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; There are ongoing efforts to identify the chemical composition of plants used as food or medicines in other to correlate their components with the numerous claims of their medicinal usefulness in folklore. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; This work is aimed at profiling the phytochemical composition of &lt;em&gt;Spondias purpurea&lt;/em&gt; using GC-MS, as well as to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the antioxidant capacity by DPPH radical scavenging assay.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Whole fruit and stem bark of &lt;em&gt;Spondias purpurea&lt;/em&gt; were collected, dried, extracted with methanol and concentrated in vacou before assessing them for their total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu&amp;rsquo;s phenol reagent method; total flavonoid content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. The whole fruit and stem bark extracts were partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The n-hexane fraction of the stem bark and whole fruit were analyzed on GC-MS. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The stem bark had the highest phenolic content of 29.81&amp;plusmn; 1.18 GAE mg/g. Similarly, free radical scavenging activities assay showed the stem bark to be most active with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 6.20 &amp;plusmn; 1.51&amp;mu;g/ml, better than the standard, ascorbic acid with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 11.51 &amp;plusmn; 0.3&amp;mu;g/ml. The n-hexane partitioned fractions of the fruit and stem bark on GC-MS analysis showed 9 prominent compounds including 9,17-Octadecadienal (5.43%), 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl) phenol(12%), (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl) phenol (11.76%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (7.07%) and 13 compounds including 9,17-Octadecadienal (20.51%),trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (12.61%), Pentadecanoic acid (8.3%), n-Hexadecanoic acid(15.24%). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This study provides justification for some of the folkloric use of &lt;em&gt;Spondias purpurea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">941</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye*, Tomayo Ireti Berida&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erlena Nor Asmira Abd Rahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azlini Ismail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Nor Omar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umi Nadhirah Rahmat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds in Syzygium polyanthum Leaves Extracted using Ultrasound-Assisted Method</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compound</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sonication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syzygium polyanthum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultra-sound-assisted</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/406</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110-119</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Syzygium polyanthum&lt;/em&gt; has been traditionally formulated by the folklore for the treatment of diseases including diarrhea, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, gastritis and hyperuricemia. Normally, its phytochemicals are always extracted using solvent, maceration and steam distillation methods, but the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method is still not well documented. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aims to extract the phytochemical compounds present in &lt;em&gt;S. polyanthum&lt;/em&gt; leaves using UAE and to identify them by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves were consecutively soaked with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in a bath sonicator to derive n-hexane (HSP), ethyl acetate (EASP), and methanol (MSP) extracts of &lt;em&gt;S. polyanthum&lt;/em&gt; leaves and then the extracts were subjected to GC-MS analysis. Mass-spectral databases of peaks were compared with database from Wiley, NIST and FNSCC libraries for compound identification. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analyses of HSP, EASP and MSP showed the presence of 21, 27, and 31 peaks, respectively. The major compound for HSP (31.912%), EASP (27.042%), and MSP (22.386%) were unknown compounds which were detected at retention time between 61.980 and 62.29 min, thus requires further characterization. Squalene and phytol were among the other major compounds present in all three extracts. Several identified compounds in the extracts such as squalene, phytol, hentriacontane, palmitic acid, &amp;alpha;-pinene, nerolidol, linalool, &amp;alpha;-tocopherol and &amp;beta;-tocopherol were known bioactive compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analyses of n-hexane (HSP), ethyl acetate (EASP), and methanol (MSP) of &lt;em&gt;S. polyanthum&lt;/em&gt; leaves extracts have revealed the presence of some known bioactive compounds with therapeutic importance.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Erlena Nor Asmira Abd Rahim&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Azlini Ismail&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;*, Muhammad Nor Omar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Umi Nadhirah Rahmat&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Kuliyyah of Science, Kuantan Campus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt; 2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Dentistry, Kuantan Campus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, 16150 KubangKerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B. M. Gupta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K K Mueen Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritu Gupta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycyrrhiza glabra (Medicinal Plant) Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications Output during 1997-2016</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bibliometrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global research output</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycyrrhiza glabra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientometrics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1067-1075</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The present study examined 3428 global publications in &lt;em&gt;Glycyrrhiza glabra&lt;/em&gt;, as covered in multidisciplinary Scopus bibliographical database during 1997-2016, with a view to understand their growth rate, global share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication and bibliographic characteristics of high cited papers. The global publications registered an annual average growth rate of 10.87% and its citation impact averaged to 19.09 citations per paper. Among the top 12 most productive countries, the global share ranged from 1.87% to 19.81%, with China contributing the largest share of 19.81%, followed by India (13.71%), USA (11.84%), etc. More than 79.0% of the cumulative global publication share comes from top 12 countries during 1997-2016, showing decrease from 100.0% to 77.80% from 1997-2006 to 2007-16. Seven countries registered relative citation index above the world average of 1.10: U.K. (2.39), USA (1.87), Canada (1.71), Italy (1.51), Japan (1.49), Turkey (1.24) and Taiwan (1.18) during 1997-2016. Medicine, among seven broad subjects, contributed the largest publications share of 44.41%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics (35.04%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (26.84%), agricultural and biological sciences (16.89%), chemistry (14.59%), etc. during 1997-16. Among various organizations and authors contributing to global &lt;em&gt;Glycyrrhiza glabra&lt;/em&gt; research, the 20 most productive global organizations and authors together contributed 15.08% and 9.16% global publication share respectively and 14.57% and 16.62% global citation share respectively during 1997-16. Amongst 3322 journal papers (in 1153 journals) in global &lt;em&gt;Glycyrrhiza glabra&lt;/em&gt; research, the top 20 most productive journals contributed 16.80% share of total journal publication output during 1997-2016. One hundred thirteen (113) publications were found to be high cited, as they registered citations from 100 to 852 during 1997-2016 and they together received 22234 citations, which averaged to 196.76 citations per paper.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Invited Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1067</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B. M. Gupta&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, K K Mueen Ahmed&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ritu Gupta&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;1173 Sector 15, Panchkula 134 113, Haryana, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Phcog.Net and SciBiolMed.Org, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;1K/A Arjun Nagar, Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi 110029, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilawan Promprom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wannachai Chatan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Bauhinia nakhonphanomensis Leaf Ethanolic Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bauhinia Nakhonphanomensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total flavonoid content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.105/index.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">663-667</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Bauhinia nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; Chatan. A new species that is endemic to Thailand. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; Leaves of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; were extracted and the extract was used in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to evaluate the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; was analyzed by GC-MS. Quantitative analysis for total phenols was done by the Folin-Ciocatteu method and for total flavonoids by the aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by the DPPH method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 phytochemical constituents. These compounds were identified by comparing their retention times and peak areas with those from the literature and by interpretation of the mass spectra. The major chemical constituents were inositol (48.55 %), alpha-tocopherol (12.21 %) and phenol (6.61 %). Total phenolic content was 48.69&amp;plusmn;0.56 mg/100 of Gallic acid equivalent (GE). The total flavonoid contentwas 10539&amp;plusmn; 6.14 mg/100 of quercetin equivalent (QE). Antioxidant activity was 17.07&amp;plusmn;0.24 &amp;mu;g/100 of ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC).&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These findings are the first report and suggest that the rich phytochemical content of &lt;em&gt;B. nakhonphanomensis&lt;/em&gt; has good antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">663</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wilawan Promprom&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;and Wannachai Chatan &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed Saleem Thattakudian Sheik Uduman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prema Rathinam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yogendrachari Karuru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gangadhar Obili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gopinath Chakka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ashok Kumar Janakiraman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Whole Plant of Rostellularia diffusa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phytosterol.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rostellularia diffusa</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70-72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; To identify the various phyto constituents present in the unexplored plant &lt;em&gt;Rostellularia diffusa&lt;/em&gt; (Willd.) by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The whole plant of &lt;em&gt;Rostellularia diffusa &lt;/em&gt;was extracted with ethyl acetate at room temperature for 72 h. The concentrated extract was subjected to GCMS analysis to detect the phyto constituents. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Totally 40 compounds were identified and the chromatograph showed 40 peaks with 40 individual compounds. The major constituents were identified in the extract were 16-Hentriacontanone (22.59%), Hexadecanoic acid (11.23%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.78%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (6.30%) and many other compounds were identified as low level. This preliminary study gives an idea to isolate the major active constituents present in the plant and also helps to develop potential pharmacologically active compounds&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mohamed Saleem Thattakudian Sheik Uduman&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Prema Rathinam&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Yogendrachari Karuru&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Gangadhar Obili&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Gopinath Chakka&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharamcy, Rajampet, YSR Kadapa, A.P, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundarachary Nagarjunakonda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sridhar Amalakanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sristi Ram Dhishana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maddi Ramaiah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lalitha Rajanala</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Indrakeeladri Native Medicine used in the Treatment of Stroke</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dodecanoic acid methyl ester</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methyl 10-methyl undecanoate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methyl tetradecanoate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Native medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stroke</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102-106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; A stroke or cerebrovascular disease is an abrupt onset of neurological deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants and thrombolytics are used in ischemic stroke. Indrakeeladri, is a village in Andhra Pradesh in India where traditional local practitioners prescription has long been practiced for treatment of stroke by using unknown and undisclosed formulation (gulikalu) without any name and labeling. Patients who have taken treatment at Indrakeeladri have noticed improvement in their symptoms particularly in speech. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; We endeavoured to analyze the formulation to know its composition as this analysis might help us in preparation of newer drugs for stroke. &lt;strong&gt;Settings and Design:&lt;/strong&gt; GC MS analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Material:&lt;/strong&gt; The sample was powdered and tested for its solubility in different solvents of increased polarity strength and then subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis in order to know its chemical components. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The sample was soluble only in water. The GC-MS analysis of the test sample revealed the presence of methyl tetradecanoate, dodecanoic acid methyl ester and methyl 10-methyl undecanoate as the major constituents. These substances are known to have inhibitory effect on blood coagulation.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Further studies need to be carried out to find out whether these components of native medicine have a role in the treatment of stroke or not.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sundarachary Nagarjunakonda&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sridhar Amalakanti&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sristi Ram Dhishana&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Maddi Ramaiah&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Lalitha Rajanala&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Neurology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Neurology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Intern, Guntur Medical College, Guntur.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Guntur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Neurology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sasi Kala Nambi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramasubbu Raju</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS analysis of n-Hexane Extract of Fruits of Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus Burkill ex K. Narayanan</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agasthyamalai</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hexadecane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kani tribe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nonadecane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetradecane</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/389</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s99-s102</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study focused to analyse the bioactive compounds present in the fruits of &lt;em&gt;Trichopus zeylanicus&lt;/em&gt; ssp. &lt;em&gt;travancoricus&lt;/em&gt; Burkill ex K. Narayanan by using GC-MS. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The dried and pulverized fruit materials were extracted with n-hexane for 6-8 h. The phytochemical constituents were analysed by GC-MS. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Totally 23 bioactive compounds were identified with RI and SI factors. Of the twenty-three compounds detected from n-hexane extract, Tetradecane (27.87%), Hexadecane (27.26%), Nonadecane (22.25%) and Pentacosane (8.13%) were detected as major compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The obtained bioactive compounds were reported as potentially active in various medicinal treatments and can be used for the treatment of various diseases.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s99</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sasi Kala Nambi, Ramasubbu Raju &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute &amp;ndash; Deemed University, Gandhigram -624302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell Henry Wright</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cameron Jay Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Megan Sarah Jean Arnold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Shalom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alan White</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthony Carlson Greene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS analysis of Tasmannia lanceolata Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of the Pathogenic Bacterium Clostridium perfringens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enteritis necroticans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas gangrene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myonecrosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tasmannia Lanceolata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winteraceae</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.100/index.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">626-637</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Clostridium perfringens&lt;/em&gt; is the etiological agent of clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans. Infections result in exotoxin production, tissue necrosis and unless promptly treated, often result in death. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tasmannia lanceolata&lt;/em&gt; extracts were investigated for &lt;em&gt;C. perfringens &lt;/em&gt;growth inhibitory activity by disc diffusion analysis and MIC determination. Toxicity was evaluated by Artemia nauplii bioassay and the most potent extracts were phytochemically evaluated by GC-MS headspace analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; All &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata&lt;/em&gt; berry and leaf extracts displayed potent&lt;em&gt; C. perfringens&lt;/em&gt; growth inhibition. The berry extracts were more potent growth inhibitors than the corresponding leaf extracts, although the leaf extracts were also potent growth inhibitors. The berry aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 654, 65 and 329 &amp;mu;g/mL respectively. &lt;em&gt;T. lanceolata &lt;/em&gt;leaf also displayed good efficacy, with an MIC of 839, 1255 and 625 &amp;mu;g/mL for the aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. All extracts were nontoxic in the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; bioassay, with LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values substantially &amp;gt; 1000 &amp;mu;g/mL. Non-biased GC-MS analysis of the aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate berry extracts revealed the presence of high relative levels of a diversity of terpenoids. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The lack of toxicity of the T. lanceolata extracts and their potent growth inhibitory bioactivity against &lt;em&gt;C. perfringens&lt;/em&gt; indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans. GC-MS metabolomic profiling studies indicate that these extracts contained a diversity of terpenoids, with monoterpenoids being particularly abundant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">626</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mitchell Henry Wright,&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt; Cameron Jay Lee,&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Megan Sarah Jean Arnold,&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; Joseph Shalom,&lt;sup&gt;2,4&lt;/sup&gt; Alan White,&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Anthony Carlson Greene,&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Ian Edwin Cock &lt;sup&gt;2,4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health &amp;amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland, AUSTRALIA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland, AUSTRALIA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell Henry Wright</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Sirdaarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alan White</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthony Carlson Greene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS headspace analysis of Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts which inhibit Bacillus anthracis growth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthrax</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacillus anthracis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combretastatin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kakadu plum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metabolomics.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">stilbene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoonotic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Terminalia ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; (Kakadu plum) is an endemic Australian plant with an extremely high antioxidant capacity. The fruit has long been used by the first Australians as a nutritional food and as a medicine and recent studies have reported its potent growth inhibitory activity against a broad panel of bacteria. Despite this, &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; extracts are yet to be tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of &lt;em&gt;Bacillus anthracis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Solvent extracts were prepared using both the fruit and leaf of Kakadu plum. The ability to inhibit the growth of &lt;em&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/em&gt; was investigated using a disc diffusion assay. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; nauplii bioassay. The most potent extracts were investigated using non-targeted GC-MS head space analysis (with screening against a compound database) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in the crude plant extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Solvent extractions of &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; fruit and leaf displayed good growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against &lt;em&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/em&gt;. Fruit ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 451 and 377&amp;mu;g/mL respectively. The fruit methanolic and chloroform extracts, as well as the aqueous leaf extracts also were good inhibitors of &lt;em&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/em&gt; growth, albeit with lower efficacy (MIC values of 1800 and 1414 &amp;mu;g/mL respectively).The aqueous fruit extract and leaf chloroform extracts had only low inhibitory activity. All other extracts were completely devoid of growth inhibitory activity. Furthermore, all of the extracts with growth inhibitory activity were nontoxic in the &lt;em&gt;Artemia fransiscana&lt;/em&gt; bioassay, with LC50 values &amp;gt;1000 &amp;mu;g/mL. Non-biased GC-MS phytochemical analysis of the most active extracts (fruit ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf) putatively identified and highlighted several compounds that may contribute to the ability of these extracts to inhibit the growth of &lt;em&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The low toxicity of the &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; fruit ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf extracts, as well as their potent growth inhibitory bioactivity against &lt;em&gt;B. anthracis&lt;/em&gt;, indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of anthrax.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mitchell Henry Wright&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Joseph Sirdaarta&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Alan White&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Anthony Carlson Greene&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ian Edwin Cock&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yashmin Akhtar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravish Choudhary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kailash Chandra Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manju Sharma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variability and relationship studies of Ber Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. F.) using morphological and molecular markers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic variability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISSR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UPGMA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zadber</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2017 </style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.71</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417-424</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Ber (&lt;em&gt;Ziziphus nummularia&lt;/em&gt; (Burm. F.) is the most commonly occurring branched thorny shrub species in the Indian desert. A total of 10 Zadber accessions collected from different agroclimatic regions of India, were evaluated for phenotypic and genotypic variations using morphological and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. &lt;strong&gt;Materials And Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: Morphological characterization was done using descriptors and Molecular characterization studies was done with fifty primers of University of British Columbia (UBC) procured from Geno Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., were used for ISSR-PCR optimisation trials. Eleven primers, which gave the best amplification results with the sample DNA, were selected for final ISSR-PCR analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Significant variability was observed in the selected Zadber accessions by the analysis of five quantitative and 25 qualitative morphological characters of leaves, fruits and seeds. ISSR markers also showed polymorphism (86.58%). Jaccard&amp;rsquo;s genetic similarity value of ISSR was found in the range of 0.45-0.77 (average 0.61) suggesting moderate level of genetic diversity within the Zadber group. Two of the eleven ISSR primers were also able to generate cultivar specific amplicons, which may be used for identification of accessions Zadber-5 and Zadber-8. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study revealed that morphological and molecular markers can be successfully utilized for determining genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Zadber cultivars and used in breeding programmes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yashmin Akhtar, Ravish Choudhary, Kailash Chandra Sharma and Manju Sharma&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muniyandi Anbukkarasi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip A Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahalingam Sundararajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pitchairaj Geraldine</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Analysis and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metal chelating activity.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytoconstituents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reducing power</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabernaemontana divaricata</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oct 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">451-458</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To identify phytoconstituents present in an ethanolic extract of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Tabernaemontana divaricata &lt;/em&gt;and to evaluate its in-vitro antioxidant potential. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract was subjected to gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis to identify phytoconstituents, and screened for hydroxyl, superoxide and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal-chelating activity as a measure of potential antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 96 phytoconstituents, of which 17 are reported to be bioactive and 11 of these to possess antioxidant potential. When tested&lt;em&gt; in-vitro&lt;/em&gt;, the extract exhibited the most potent radical-scavenging activity at a maximum concentration of 10 mg/ml, scavenging effects of 64%, 67% and 69% and corresponding half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) values of 6.7 mg/ml, 6.8 mg/ml and 6.2 mg/ml on hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals, respectively. Ascorbic acid used as a standard (10 mg/ml) showed scavenging effects of 73%, 73% and 75% and corresponding IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;values of 5.3 mg/ml, 5.8 mg/ml and 5.2 mg/ml, respectively, on hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. At 10 mg/ml, the extract and an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid standard exhibited 68% and 78%, respectively, chelation of ferrous ions; at the same concentration, the reducing power of the extract and that of a butylated hydroxytoluene standard was found to be 3.855 and 4.308, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These observations strongly suggest that the ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;T. divaricata&lt;/em&gt; leaves has potent&lt;em&gt; in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant activity and thereby could act as a possible therapeutic agent for oxidative stressinduced pathological states.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">451</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muniyandi Anbukkarasi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Philip A Thomas&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahalingam Sundararajan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Pitchairaj Geraldine&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620 024, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Ocular Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Joseph Eye Hospital, Tiruchirappalli- 620 001, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temin Payum</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC- MS Analysis of Mussaenda roxburghii Hk.f.: A Folk Food Plant Used Among Tribes Of Arunachal Pradesh, India.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folk Food</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrocoumarin.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mussaenda species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutraceuticals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tribal people</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-398</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mussaenda roxhburgii&lt;/em&gt; Hk.f. shoot is widely used as folk food among the tribal people of Arunachal Pradesh. This study was carried out to establish the phytoconstituents of &lt;em&gt;Mussaenda roxburghii&lt;/em&gt; shoot. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fresh shoot were collected from Mone forest of East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh and identified by the corresponding author himself. The samples were shade dried and pulverized to powder using a mechanical grinder. 500 g powder of the sample was soaked in ethanol for 72 hours with intermittent shaking then filtered through Whatmann No. 41 filter paper and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40&amp;deg;C by using rotary evaporator to obtain a viscous semi solid extract. Gas-Chromatography Mass Specrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethanol extracts was carried out in Shimadzu GCMS-QP-2010 plus system. The identification of compounds was performed by comparing their mass spectra with data from NIST 11 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, US) and WILEY 8. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The GCMS chromatogram of &lt;em&gt;Mussaenda roxburghii&lt;/em&gt; shoot ethanolic extract gave forty nine phytochemical compounds. The most prevailing compounds were hydrocoumarin with 13.6%, hexadeconoic acid, 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3, 7, 11, 15 tetramethyl [R-[R-) with 17.52%, ethyl ester with 6.24% and Vitamin E with 2.8%. The study gave some compounds with biological interest like gamma tocopherol, Vitamin E, Neophytadiene, Squalene etc. which have been reported to be Antitumur, Antiinflammatory, Antiaging, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, perfume, pesticide and sunscreen.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Temin Payum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Department of Botany, J.N.College, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;


</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omar Mohamed Mohamed Sabry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abeer Mohamed El Sayed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salmin Khalid Alshalmani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC/MS Analysis and Potential Cytotoxic Activity of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils Against Lung and Liver Cancer Cells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essential oils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplophyllum tuberculatum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liver cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lung cancer.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66-69</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Haplophyllum&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; tuberculatum&lt;/em&gt; is a plant belongs to family rutacee. It is rich in volatile oils, fixed oils, alkaloids, and furanocoumarins. It is well known for the huge number of folkloric uses in middle east. &amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study is to establish the chemical composition of the essential oils of Libyan &lt;em&gt;H. tuberculatum&lt;/em&gt; and to investigate their cytotoxic potentialities. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; The essential oils of the aerial parts and flowers of &lt;em&gt;H. tuberculatum&lt;/em&gt; growing in Libya were prepared by hydrodistillation. GC/MS analyses were performed on a Shimaduz capillary gas chromatograph (GC 17A ver.3) instrument directly coupled to mass spectrometer-MS QP5050A. Oil A and F of &lt;em&gt;H. tuberculatum&lt;/em&gt; at different concentrations (0-50 &amp;micro;g/ml) in DMSO were tested for cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Oil yield was found 0.4 and 1.5 (v/w %) on dry weight basis respectively. GC/MS analysis resulted in identification of total 35 compounds. 15 compounds&amp;nbsp; were common to both oils. oil A of &lt;em&gt;H. tuberculatum &lt;/em&gt;exhibited antitumor activities against&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and lung carcinoma cell line (H1299) 4.7 &amp;micro;g/ml and 4.1 &amp;micro;g/ml.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Essential oil of the aerial parts of &lt;em&gt;H. tuberculatum&lt;/em&gt; is potentially active against lung (H-1299), and liver (HEPG2) carcinoma cell lines. The observed cytotoxic, activities can be attributed to the dominance of &amp;alpha; and &amp;gamma;-terpinene in this oil.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Omar Mohamed Mohamed Sabry&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Abeer Mohamed El Sayed&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;and Salmin Khalid Alshalmani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isaac Biggs</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Sirdaarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alan White</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Commiphora molmol Oleo-Resin Extracts which Inhibit the growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ankylosing spondylitis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commiphora molmol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoterpenoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple sclerosis.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myrrh</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rheumatoid arthritis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sesquiterpenoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191-202</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Myrrh has been used traditionally for the inhibition of microbial growth and for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Despite this, myrrh extracts are yet to be tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Solvent extracts prepared from commercially obtained myrrh resin were analysed for the ability to inhibit the growth of bacterial species associated with initiating rheumatoid arthritis (&lt;em&gt;P. mirabilis&lt;/em&gt;), ankylosing spondylitis (&lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;) and multiple sclerosis (&lt;em&gt;A. baylyi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt;) by disc diffusion assay, and quantified by MIC determination. Toxicity was determined by &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana &lt;/em&gt;bioassay. The most potent inhibitory extract was investigated using non-targeted GC-MS head space analysis (with screening against a compound database) for the identification and characterization of individual components in the crude plant extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Methanolic myrrh extract inhibited the growth of all bacterial species tested. The growth inhibition of this extract was particularly notable against &lt;em&gt;P. mirabilis&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;, with MIC values substantially &amp;lt; 1000 &amp;mu;g/mL for both reference and clinical bacterial strains. Indeed, the MIC values of the methanolic extract against &lt;em&gt;P. mirabilis &lt;/em&gt;reference and clinical strains were 572 and 463 &amp;mu;g/mL respectively. The methanolic extract also inhibited the growth of &lt;em&gt;A. baylyi &lt;/em&gt;(MIC approximately 3000 &amp;mu;g/mL) and &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa &lt;/em&gt;(MIC approximately 1800 &amp;mu;g/mL). However, the MICs against these bacteria was indicative of only moderate inhibitory activity. The aqueous, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited the growth of all bacterial species, albeit with moderate (MIC values 1000-5000 &amp;mu;g/mL) to low efficacy (MIC values &amp;gt;5000 &amp;mu;g/mL) against all bacterial species. All myrrh extracts were non-toxicin the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana &lt;/em&gt;bioassay, with LC50 values substantially above 1000 &amp;mu;g/mL. Non-biased GC-MS headspace&amp;nbsp;analysis of the methanolic extracti dentified a high diversity of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The lack of toxicity and the inhibitory activity of the methanolic myrrh extract against microbial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis indicates its potential in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">191</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Isaac Biggs&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Joseph Sirdaarta&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Alan White&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,Ian Edwin Cock&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsia Tarnam Yakoob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nargis Begum Tajuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shilu Mathew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Ilyas Mohammed Hussain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ishtiaq Qadri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gc-Ms Analysis of Ethanolic Stem Extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook F Ex Benth</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C. anisata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">maceration and phytoconstituents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">576-578</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; In the present study, the bioactive components present in the ethanol stem extract of &lt;em&gt;Clausena anisata&lt;/em&gt; was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis technique (GC-MS). &lt;em&gt;Clausena anisata&lt;/em&gt;, a medicinal plant belonging to the family &lt;em&gt;Rutaceae&lt;/em&gt;, is represented by 20 species available in India and used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments but there is a requirement to identify its phytoconstituents, its target, mode of action and treatment using plant products either alone or in combination with synthetic drugs. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Clausena anisata&lt;/em&gt; stem was procured from Manamettupatti, a village of Pudukottai District, Tamil Nadu. The shade dried stem was powdered and extracted using ethanol by maceration method. One microlitre of the extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to detect the presence of bioactive compounds present in the stem of &lt;em&gt;C. anisata&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the ethanol stem extract of &lt;em&gt;C. anisata&lt;/em&gt; contained nine bioactive compounds, of which the major one is n-hexadecanoic acid (78.54%), followed by 8-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, [E]- (6.638%). The total number of compounds obtained was compared with National Institutes of Standard and Technology (NIST) library that contains more than 62,000 known compounds based on retention time and molecular mass. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, nearly nine compounds have been identified from the ethanolic stem extract of &lt;em&gt;C. anisata &lt;/em&gt;using GC-MS analysis which was mainly composed of fatty acids and sterols. The GC-MS analysis is used to understand the nature of active principles present in this plant revealed that the plant can be used as a potential source of new useful drugs.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">576</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arsia Tarnam Yakoob&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nargis Begum Tajuddin&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Shilu Mathew&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Ilyas Mohammed Hussain&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ishtiaq Qadri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichy, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Kau University, Jeddah, K.S.A.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nartunai Govindarajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uma Maheswara Reddy Cheekala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shantha Arcot</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susikumar Sundaramoorthy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramasamy Duraisamy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilavarasan Raju</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract of Stem Bark of Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n-hexane extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patikalodhra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Symplocos Crataegoides</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520-524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context: &lt;/strong&gt;The stem barks of the plant &lt;em&gt;Symplocos crataegoides&lt;/em&gt; Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (syn. &lt;em&gt;Symplocos paniculata&lt;/em&gt; (Thunb.) Miq.), Fam. Symplocaceae is extensively used in Indian medicine under the names of &lt;em&gt;Lodhra/Patikalodhra.&lt;/em&gt; Mainly it is used to cure uterine complaints, vaginal and menstrual disorders. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; To investigate the phytochemicals from the n-hexane extract of the stem bark of &lt;em&gt;Symplocos crataegoides &lt;/em&gt;Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., using GC-MS analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Stem bark of &lt;em&gt;S.crataegoides&lt;/em&gt; was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane. The extract was injected by splitless injection mode into the GC MS 5975 C Agilent equipped with a QP- 5000 (quadrupole) Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometer. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Identification of 57 compounds from n-hexane extract. Those compounds were identified by close matches with standard MS spectra and compared with NIST - 11 and WILEY library data. Undecane (7.51%) was found as major compound followed by Isopropyl myristate, Dodecane, 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene, Octacosane, 2-methyl-decane, 2-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 1,2,3,5- tetramethyl-benzene etc., other constituents were found to be in traceable quantities.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS analysis of &lt;em&gt;S. crataegoides&lt;/em&gt; revealed certain interesting facts of presentation of various phytoconstituents in the stem bark. The presence of various phytoconstituents contributes to the medicinal activity of the plant.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">520</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nartunai Govindarajan&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*, Uma Maheswara Reddy Cheekala&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Shantha Arcot&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Susikumar Sundaramoorthy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ramasamy Duraisamy&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ilavarasan Raju&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, &amp;amp; &lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, CCRAS, Govt. of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai &amp;ndash; 600 106, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai - 600116, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharm. Analysis, C.L.Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai &amp;ndash; 600 097, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Ariyalur - 621 713, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsia Tarnam Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nargis Begum T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Ilyas MH</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shilu Mathew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archunan Govindaraju</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ishtiaq Qadri</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green synthesis, Antioxidant Potential and Hypoglycemic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles using Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. F. Ex Benth. of Rutaceae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nil</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">565-575</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The current study was conducted to examine the hypoglycemic effect of Silver Nano particles (SNPs) using ethanolic leaf extract of &lt;em&gt;Clausena anisata &lt;/em&gt;(Willd.) &lt;em&gt;Hook f. &lt;/em&gt;ex Benth. A cost effective and eco-friendly technique for the green synthesis of SNPs from 1mM AgNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; solution through the leaf extract was carried out. The biosynthesized SNPs were characterized using UV spectro photometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometry. DPPH assay was done to determine the antioxidant activity and for &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; hypoglycemic activity glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha-amylase inhibition assay, adsorption capacity and glucose diffusion assay was carried out. The SNPs of ethanol leaf extract were found to be spherical in shape and up to 60.67 nm average in size. They showed alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of 80.32% at 500 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml and IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 100 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml. The glucose uptake by yeast cells was found to increase with an increase in concentration. The maximum glucose uptake was found to be 68.29% at 10mM concentration. The molar concentration of glucose was directly proportional to the glucose binding capacity of extracts. The rate of glucose diffusion across the membrane was found to increase from 30 to 180 minutes. The DPPH scavenging activity was found to be potent (71.60%) at 500 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml. The hypoglycemic effect exhibited by the SNPs was revealed by simple &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;model of yeast cells, mediated by glucose absorption, increasing glucose diffusion and glucose transport across the cell membrane.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">565</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arsia Tarnam Y&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nargis Begum T&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Ilyas MH&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Shilu Mathew&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Archunan Govindaraju&lt;sup&gt;3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;and Ishtiaq Qadri&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;PG &amp;amp; Research Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli,INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;PG &amp;amp; Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;King Fahd Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, K.S.A.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell Henry Wright</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Sirdaarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben Matthews</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthony Carlson Greene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth Inhibitory Activity of Kakadu Plum Extracts Against the Opportunistic Pathogenclostridium Perfringens: New Leads in the Prevention and Treatment of Clostridial Myonecrosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australian medicinal plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enteritis necroticans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gas gangrene.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kakadu plum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myonecrosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terminalia ferdinandiana</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144-153</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Clostridium perfringens&lt;/em&gt; is the etiological agent of clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans. Infections result in exotoxin production, tissue necrosis and unless promptly treated, may result in death. &lt;em&gt;Terminalia ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; (Kakadu plum) fruit has documented therapeutic properties as a general antiseptic agent. Fruit extracts have been reported to inhibit the growth of an extensive panel of pathogenic bacteria. Leaf extracts have also been shown to block the growth of several bacterial species associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated for growth inhibitory activity by disc diffusion assay against a clinical strain of &lt;em&gt;Clostridium perfringens&lt;/em&gt;. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; nauplii bioassay. Active extracts were analysed by non-targeted HPLC-QTOF mass spectroscopy (with screening against 3 compound databases) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in the crude plant extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Methanolic and aqueous &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana&lt;/em&gt; fruit and leaf extracts, as well as the leaf ethyl acetate extract, displayed growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against &lt;em&gt;C. perfringens&lt;/em&gt;. The leaf extracts were generally more potent growth inhibitors than the corresponding fruit extracts, although the aqueous fruit extract had substantially greater efficacy than the aqueous leaf extract. The methanolic and ethyl acetate leaf extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 206 and 117 &amp;mu;g/ml respectively. The fruit methanolic extract also displayed good efficacy, with an MIC of 716 &amp;mu;g/ml. In contrast, the chloroform and hexane extracts of both fruit and leaf were completely devoid of growth inhibitory activity. All &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana &lt;/em&gt;extracts were either nontoxic or of low toxicity in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay. Non-biased phytochemical analysis of the methanolic and ethyl acetate leaf extracts revealed the presence of high relative levels of a diversity of galloand ellagi- tannins.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The low toxicity of the &lt;em&gt;T. ferdinandiana &lt;/em&gt;extracts and the potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the leaf methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts against &lt;em&gt;C. perfringens&lt;/em&gt; indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of clostridial myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans. Metabolomic profiling studies indicate that these extracts contained a diversity of tannins.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">144</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mitchell Henry Wright,&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Joseph Sirdaarta,&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt; Ben &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Matthews,&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anthony Carlson Greene,&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Ian Edwin Cock,&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Smart Waters Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yahaya Gavamukulya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faten Abou-Elella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fred Wamunyokoli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hany A El-Shemy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Further Evidence for Its Medicinal Diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-304</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;GC-MS Analysis was used. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The GC-MS Analysis revealed 25 constituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol (peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E- 11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yahaya Gavamukulya&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Faten Abou-Elella&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Fred Wamunyokoli&lt;sup&gt;1,4 &lt;/sup&gt;and Hany A El-Shemy&lt;sup&gt;1,3,5&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University, Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUISTI&amp;ndash;JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale Regional Referal Hospital, Uganda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Further Evidence for Its Medicinal Diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9th June 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).&lt;strong&gt; Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS Analysis was used. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; TheGC-MS Analysis revealed 25 con&amp;not;stituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol(peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts ofleaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt;, ethanolic extracts, phytochemicals, GC-MS.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yahaya Gavamukulya&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Faten Abou-Elella&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fred Wamunyokoli&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hany A El-Shemy&lt;sup&gt;1,4,* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pan African University, Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUISTI &amp;ndash; JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Biochemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajani Srivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alok Mukerjee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amita Verma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in, Pet Ether Fraction of Wrightia tinctoria Seed.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive components</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indrajau</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wrightia tinctoria.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29th Apr, 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-253</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wrightia tinctoria &lt;/em&gt;R.Br. (Family: &lt;em&gt;Apocynaceae&lt;/em&gt;) commonly called &amp;ldquo;Indrajau&amp;rdquo; is well known in Indian traditional system for its traditional uses.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of plant seed ethanolic extract, pet ether fraction using GC-MS analysis. 22 components were identified from pet ether fraction obtained from elution of ethanolic extract packed in silica column. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The prevailing compounds from fraction F6to F9 were [1,1&amp;#39;-Bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2&amp;#39;-hexyl-, methyl ester (21.39%) , Trilinolein (7.74%), 2-Myristynoyl pantetheine (18.07%), 9-Octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.46%), 1Hexadecanol,2-methyl (3.77%), Cyclopropane tetradecanoic acid, 2-octyl-, methyl ester (2.36%), 1b, 4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta [3,4] cyclopropa [8,9]cycloundec [1,2-b]oxiren-5 (6H)-one, 7-(acetyloxy) decahydro-2,9,10-trihydroxy-3,6,8,8,10a-pentamethyl (38.91%), Geranyl isovalerate (23.58%), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (5.91%), Quassin (3.82%), cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (3.08%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl ester (31.50%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (14.35%), Cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2-[ [2-[ [2- [(2-pentylcyclopropyl) methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl]-, methyl ester (10.13%), 6,9,12,15-Docosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester (3.39%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, trans-( 2.73%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, cis-(4.34%), Ursodeoxycholic acid (7.14%), Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 3-(acetyloxy)-14,15-epoxy-16-hydroxy-, (3&amp;aacute;,5&amp;aacute;,15&amp;aacute;,16&amp;aacute;)-(4.75%), 5H-Cyclopropa [3,4] benz [1,2-e]azulen-5-one, 9a (acetyloxy)-1,1a,1b,4,4a,7a,7b,8,9,9a-de cahydro-4a,7b,9-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-,[1aR-(1a&amp;agrave;,1b&amp;aacute;,4a&amp;aacute;,7a&amp;agrave;,7b&amp;agrave;,8&amp;agrave;,9&amp;aacute;,9a&amp;agrave;)]-(6.59%), Docosahexaenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (10.86%), Olean-12-ene-3,15,16,21,22,28-hexol, (3&amp;aacute;,15&amp;agrave;,16&amp;agrave;,21&amp;aacute;,22&amp;agrave;)-( 4.40%) found as the major components. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It could be concluded that, &lt;em&gt;Wrightia tinctoria&lt;/em&gt; contains various bioactive compounds. So it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Bioactive components, Ethanolic extract, GC-MS, Indrajau, &lt;em&gt;Wrightia tinctoria&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rajani Srivastava&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Alok Mukerjee&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Amita Verma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences-Deemed to-be- University, Allahabad, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;United Institute of Pharmacy, Allahabad, Utter Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajani Srivastava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amita Verma</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alok Mukerjee</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in, Pet Ether Fraction of Wrightia tinctoria Seed</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioactive components</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indrajau</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wrightia tinctoria</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul-Aug 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-253</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Family: Apocynaceae) commonly called &amp;ldquo;Indrajau&amp;rdquo; is well known in Indian traditional system for its traditional uses. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of plant seed ethanolic extract, pet ether fraction using GC-MS analysis. 22 components were identified from pet ether fraction obtained from elution of ethanolic extract packed in silica column. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevailing compounds from fraction F6to F9 were [1,1&amp;#39;-Bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2&amp;#39;-hexyl-, methyl ester (21.39%) , Trilinolein (7.74%), 2-Myristynoyl pantetheine (18.07%), 9-Octadecen-12-ynoic acid, methyl ester (4.46%), 1Hexadecanol,2-methyl (3.77%), Cyclopropane tetradecanoic acid, 2-octyl-, methyl ester (2.36%), 1b, 4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta [3,4] cyclopropa [8,9]cycloundec [1,2-b]oxiren-5 (6H)-one, 7-(acetyloxy) decahydro-2,9,10-trihydroxy-3,6,8,8,10a-pentamethyl (38.91%), Geranyl isovalerate (23.58%), cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (5.91%), Quassin (3.82%), cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (3.08%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid 2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxan-5-yl ester (31.50%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (14.35%), Cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2-[ [2-[ [2- [(2-pentylcyclopropyl) methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl] cyclopropyl] methyl]-, methyl ester (10.13%), 6,9,12,15-Docosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester (3.39%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, trans-( 2.73%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl ester, cis-(4.34%), Ursodeoxycholic acid (7.14%), Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 3-(acetyloxy)-14,15-epoxy-16-hydroxy-, (3&amp;aacute;,5&amp;aacute;,15&amp;aacute;,16&amp;aacute;)-(4.75%), 5H-Cyclopropa [3,4] benz [1,2-e]azulen-5-one, 9a (acetyloxy)-1,1a,1b,4,4a,7a,7b,8,9,9a-de cahydro-4a,7b,9-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-,[1aR-(1a&amp;agrave;,1b&amp;aacute;,4a&amp;aacute;,7a&amp;agrave;,7b&amp;agrave;,8&amp;agrave;,9&amp;aacute;,9a&amp;agrave;)]-(6.59%), Docosahexaenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (10.86%), Olean-12-ene-3,15,16,21,22,28-hexol, (3&amp;aacute;,15&amp;agrave;,16&amp;agrave;,21&amp;aacute;,22&amp;agrave;)-( 4.40%) found as the major components. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It could be concluded that, Wrightia tinctoria contains various bioactive compounds. So it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rajani Srivastava&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Alok Mukerjee&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and Amita Verma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences-Deemed to-be- University, Allahabad, INDIA 2United Institute of Pharmacy, Allahabad, Utter Pradesh, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>