Green synthesis, Antioxidant Potential and Hypoglycemic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles using Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. F. Ex Benth. of Rutaceae

The current study was conducted to examine the hypoglycemic effect of Silver Nano particles (SNPs) using ethanolic leaf extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook f. ex Benth. A cost effective and eco-friendly technique for the green synthesis of SNPs from 1mM AgNO₃ solution through the leaf extract was carried out. The biosynthesized SNPs were characterized using UV spectro photometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometry. DPPH assay was done to determine the antioxidant activity and for in vitro hypoglycemic activity glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha-amylase inhibition assay, adsorption capacity and glucose diffusion assay was carried out. The SNPs of ethanol leaf extract were found to be spherical in shape and up to 60.67 nm average in size. They showed alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of 80.32% at 500 μg/ml and IC₅₀ 100 μg/ml. The glucose uptake by yeast cells was found to increase with an increase in concentration. The maximum glucose uptake was found to be 68.29% at 10mM concentration. The molar concentration of glucose was directly proportional to the glucose binding capacity of extracts. The rate of glucose diffusion across the membrane was found to increase from 30 to 180 minutes. The DPPH scavenging activity was found to be potent (71.60%) at 500 μg/ml. The hypoglycemic effect exhibited by the SNPs was revealed by simple in vitro model of yeast cells, mediated by glucose absorption, increasing glucose diffusion and glucose transport across the cell membrane.