Antiosteoporosis Effects of 70% Ethanolic Extract Combination of Dayak Onion Bulbs (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) on the Hypoestrogen Rats

Introduction: Cowpea and Dayak onion bulbs extracts were proven to have an effect on bone, cause by the content of daidzein and eleutherinol which has been known to have an affinity to bind with estrogen receptor selectively. The objective of this study to determine the effects of Dayak onion bulbs and cowpea extract combination on the level of bone calcium, bone weight, and the scoring of bone marrow fat in the hypoestrogen rats compared with the single dose of cowpea extract. Material and Methods: This study used 32 female, white Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. The SHAM group was given CMC 0.5%; the negative group was given CMC 0.5%, the positive group was given raloxifene 1.08 mg/200 g BW, cowpea group was given cowpea extract 100 mg/200 BW. The dose variation was given 70% ethanolic extract combination of Dayak onion bulbs and cowpea with four doses variation 36 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BW, 18 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BW, 9 mg/200 g; 100 mg/ 200 g BW, and 4.5 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BW. Ovariectomy was performed on all groups except the SHAM to obtain the condition of hypoestrogen. Four weeks after the surgery, the rats were treated with an oral administration of extract daily for 28 days. Determination of the levels of tibia bone calcium, tibia bone weight, and the scoring of tibia bone marrow fat counted on day 29. Results: The result showed that Dayak onion bulbs and cowpea extract combination were able to elevate the level of bone calcium and bone weight significantly, and reduced the scoring of bone marrow fat higher than a single dose of cowpea extract. Conclusions: The results showed that Dayak onion bulbs and cowpea extract combination could be developed to be a drug for osteoporosis in the future.