Effect of Butionin-Sulfaximine and Fluphenazine as Trypanothione Inhibitory Drugs on Promastigotes and Axenic Amastigotes of Leishmania Peruviana and Leishmania Braziliensis

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the Leishmania parasite, which is difficult to diagnose, causes disfigurement and is difficult to treat. Objectives: To determine the effect of Butionin-Sulfaximine (BSO) and Fluphenazine on trypomastigotes and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania peruviana and Leishmania braziliensis. Methods: A study was performed with Butionin-Sulfaximine (BSO), Fluphenazine, and Glucantime (positive control,) utilizing respective concentrations of 41.7 mg/ml, 4.17 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml for twenty-four hours on axenic amastigotes. Results: A significant difference (*P < 0.05) was found between the negative control group, Fluphenazine, and BSO within both the axenic amastigotes of L. peruviana (5.5 X 10⁵ / ml for the negative control, 0.15 X 10⁵ / ml for Fluphenazine, and 0.7 X 10⁵ / ml for BSO) and L. braziliensis (6.9 X 10⁵/ml for the negative control, 0.18 X 10⁵/ml for Fluphenazine, and 0.22 X 10⁵/ml for BSO). Another significant difference (*P < 0.05) was found in the promastigotes of L. peruviana (5.9 X 10⁵ / ml for the negative control, 0.66 X 10⁵ / ml for Fluphenazine, and 3.1 X 10⁵ / ml for BSO) and L. braziliensis (8.7 X 10⁵/ml for the negative control and 5.68 X 10⁵/ml for Fluphenazine). Conclusions: From this, we conclude Fluphenazine and BSO present promising antiparasitic effects against axenic amastigotes of L. peruviana and L. braziliensis in both pharmacological tests of the in vivo model and their potential future use.