The Influence of Vitamin D3 Administration on the Levels of CGRP, Glutamate, and NLRP3 during the Ictal Phase in Chronic Migraine Patients

Background: Migraine is a primary headache disorder that ranks as the third leading cause of disability. Various prophylactic therapies have been developed for migraine treatment, including vitamin D3 supplementation. The mechanism of action of vitamin D3 supplementation in the pathophysiology of migraine has not been extensively studied. Objective: This study assesses the impact of vitamin D3 administration on the levels of the biomarkers CGRP, Glutamate, and NLRP3 and its effect on reducing the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks in chronic migraine patients. Methods: This experimental study (single-blind clinical trial) observes two groups: a group given vitamin D3 at 2000 IU for 12 weeks and a placebo group. This study involved 61 chronic migraine subjects. At the end of the study, after excluded 31 subjects, there were 12 subjects in each of the two groups. Results: A significant relationship was found between vitamin D3 administration and the reduction in the frequency and duration of migraine attacks in both the vitamin D3 group (p<0.001) and the placebo group (p=0.078). No significant relationship was found between vitamin D3 administration and changes in CGRP levels (p=0.633), but there were significant changes in glutamate (p<0.001) and NLRP3 (p=0.016) levels following vitamin D3 administration. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation has an impact on reducing the frequency and duration of migraine attacks in chronic migraine patients, and there is a significant association with changes in glutamate and NLRP3 levels, but not with changes in CGRP levels.