Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Insulin, glucose, HbA1c% and HOMA-IR as Predictors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Comparison of the blood level of TNFα in patients with and without type 2 diabetes who have cardiovascular diseases. Examine the connection between the amount of serum TNFα and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes who have cardiovascular diseases. Method: The present study included 60 patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with a mean age of 56.02±1.395 years and an age range of (40 - 80)years and 60 patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (CVD and DM) with a mean age of 59.20±1.478 and an age range of (40-80) years, Who visited Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital in Basrah. in addition, the study included 60 healthy controls mean age of healthy control subjects was 54.72±1.405years. All patients in this study were diagnosed by specialized doctors and the diagnosis was verified by clinical and laboratory tests, during the period from September 2022 to September 2023. All Subjects signed a written informed consent form. The BMI was calculated as body weight (kg) and was divided by squared height in meters. Results: The results of this study showed an increase in the level of glucose, haemoglobin A1c%, insulin, and HOMA IR (in CVD and DM patients as compared with DM patients and control and there was a significant difference in concentrations among study groups (p-value <0.0001). Also, The results of this study showed an increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in CVD and DM patients as compared with DM and control and there was a significant difference in concentrations of TNFα among study groups (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be inferred that TNFα and HbA1c have the potential to serve as practical and straightforward indicators for predicting the coexistence of insulin resistance, dysglycemia, and Cardiovascular Diseases in seemingly healthy individuals within the young (<50 years) Al-Basra community.