Interaction of Cynaroside from Orthosiphon Aristatus Plant Extract on TNF Alpha as a Stimulant in Malaria and Asthma

Rahadian Zainul^1,11,*, Rismi Verawati¹, Gemini Alam², Khoirun Nisyak³, Trisna Kumala Sari¹, Muhammad Arya Ghifari⁴, Ritbey Ruga⁵, Putri Azhari⁶, Romadhon⁷, Himmatul Barroroh⁸, Riso Sari Mandeli⁹, Devi Purnamasari¹⁰, Viol Dhea Kharisma^12,13, Vikash Jakhmola¹⁴, Maksim Rebezov^15,16, ANM Ansori^12,13,14

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, INDONESIA.

²Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, INDONESIA.

³Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Anwar Medika, INDONESIA.

⁴Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Computer Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, INDONESIA.

⁵Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, INDONESIA.

⁶Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, INDONESIA.

⁷Fisheries Product Technology Study Program, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, INDONESIA.

⁸Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, INDONESIA.

⁹Environmental and Policy Researcher, Environmental Science Program, Universitas Negeri Padang, INDONESIA.

¹⁰Department of Radiology, Universitas Awalbros, Pekanbaru, INDONESIA.

¹¹Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysic Informatics (CAMPBIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, INDONESIA.

¹²Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.

¹³Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation, Gresik, INDONESIA.

¹⁴Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, INDIA.

¹⁵Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

¹⁶Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.